On 29 December 1926, Pope Pius XI promulgated the decree of officially condemning a number of books by Charles Maurras, one of the principal directors of the “Action Française” movement in France, and the daily newspaper Action Française, the official organ of the movement. Subsequently, this historical event of European significance brought out heated controversy not only in France but also in England. The controversy between the Vatican and the “Action Française” found its commentary in the editorial page of the Monthly Criterion edited by T. S. Eliot, who was himself involved in the debate in the following pages of the literary review as well as the Church Times, the organ of the Church of England. Nonetheless, this significant event bearing on Eliot appears to have eluded a serious scrutiny of Eliot’s scholars. This study discloses the historical background of the condemnation of the “Action Française” by the Pope, and Eliot’s defense for the movement and Charles Maurras against the Vatican apologists.

The purpose of this study was analysis of the muscle action in physical exercise in the rolling machine. The rolling machine moved by eletric power-driven was made to keep the constant cycle and size of rolling. The subjects of this study consist of 4 seaman(SM) and 4 landman (LM). The experiment analyzed the muscle power of lower and upper limbs by Intergrated Electromyogram(IEMG). The measurement was made on the ground, and 6 and 8 degrees of rolling separately. This study concludes as follows ; including analysis of IEMG of heavy exercise in two hands curl, a standstill walking and just standing. 1. IEMG of the lower limbs when standing. 1) In 6 degrees of rolling, for the landman(LM), vastus medialis m.(9.73), vastus lateralis m.(9.55), and rectus femores m.(8.73) acted more. As for the seaman(SM), tibialis anterior m.(5.38), biceps femores m.(5.05), and gastrocnemius m.(4.47) acted more. 2) In 8 degrees of rolling, in common, for both LM and SM, it were vastus medialis m.(11.20 and 8.97), vastus lateralis m.(16.20 and 4.63), and tibialis anterior m.(5.13 and 4.47). 3) It was showed that IEMG of LM was larger than that of SM. 2. IEMG of the lower limbs when walking. 1) On the ground, for the LM, gastrocnemius m.(7.08), vastus medialis m.(6.65), and vastus latralis m.(6.60) acted more. As for the SM, vastus lateralis m.(7.08), vastus medialis m.(6.58) and restus femores m.(5.10) acted more. 2) In both 8 and 6 degrees of rolling, vastus medials m.(14.50 and 11.98), vastus lateralis m.(10.10 and 14.10), and gastrocnemius m.(11.75 and 7.10) acted more in two groups. 3) It was showed that IEMG of LM was larger than that of SM. 3. IEMG of the lower limbs when heavy exercise(two hands curl). 1) On the ground, for the LM, vastus lateralis m.(21.68), vastus medialis m.(16.08), and rectus femores m.(14.08) acted more. As for the SM, tibialis anterior m.(16.08), vastus medialis m.(14.58), and vastus lateralis m.(8.78) acted more. 2) In 8 and 6 dgrees of rolling, it were vastus medialis m.(17.05 and 12.45), vastus lateralis m.(37.98 and 17.08), and tibialis anterior m.(19.83 and 13.20). 3) It was showed that IEMG of LM was larger than that of SM. 4. IEMG of the upper limbs when heavy exercise. 1) On the ground, the brachialis m.(44.30 and 17.80), and biceps brachii m.(13.40 and 25.10) acted more in two groups. 2) In both 6 and 8 degrees of rolling, the brachialis m.(37.60 and 24.35), and biceps brachii m.(11.38 and 7.97) acted more in two groups. 3) It was showed that IEMG of SM was larger than that of LM.

The problem of supply and transport of sediment from a mountainous catchment is very important in explaining dynamic geomorphology and the hydrological cycle. The discharge of suspended sediment is determined by a morphological system. Human interference to environment is also an important, not negligible factor in sediment production. Moreover, growing concern in recent years for the problems of nonpoint pollution and for the transport of contaminants through terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem,; has highlighted the role of sediment-associated transport in fluvial systems. This study was conducted in forested and quarried catchments in order to clarify the different discharge process and the mechanism of suspended sediment dynamics for each catchment. As a forested catchment, the Yamaguchi River catchment which drains a 3.12 ㎢ area was chosen. On the other hand, the Futagami River basin, which is formed by three subbasins (1.07, 1.59 and 1.78 ㎢), as a quarried catchment was selected. These catchments are situated to the north and east of Mt. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. The discharge pattern of suspended sediment from the Futagami River basin is more unstable and irregular than that from forested catchment, the Yamaguchi River catchment. Under the similar rainstorm conditions, suspended sediment concentration from quarried catchment during a rainstorm event increases from 43 to 27,310㎎/l. However, in the case of the forested catchment it changes only from nearly zero to 274 ㎎/l. Generally, the supply source of suspended sediment is classified into two areas, the in-channel and non-channel source areas. As a result of field measurements, in the case of the forested catchment the in-channel (channel bed, channel bank and channel margin) is the main source area of suspended sediment. On the other hand, remarkable sediment source area on the quarried catchmen, is the non-channel that is unvegetated ground.

특성이 다른 품종의 유묘기 에칠렌 생성량 및 함량의 차이를 구명하고, 또 메치오닌과 ACC 처리에 의한 에칠렌 생성량의 품종간 차이를 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 일본형, 품종군은 인도형 품종군 및 인·일교잡 품종군 보다 에칠렌 생성량이 많았다. 2. 에칠렌 생성량이 많은 일본형 품종군은 유아가 짧고 유근이 길었으나, 에칠렌 생성량이 적은 인도형 및 인·일교잡 품종군은 유아가 길고 유근은 짧았다. 3. 유묘의 ACC함량은 에칠렌 생성량이 많은 품종에서 많았다. 4. 유묘에 메치오닌 및 ACC를 처리하면 에칠렌 생성량은 증가하나 그 증가정도는 일본형품종이 인도형 및 인·일교잡품종보다 현저하게 많았다.

질소수준이 높아짐에 따라서 벼 엽신에서 에칠렌 생성량이 감소하는 원인에 대하여 에칠렌생합성계에 존재하는 전구물질 메치오닌 및 직접전구물질 ACC등을 벼에 처리하여 에칠렌생성량에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 유묘 및 엽에 메치오닌을 처리하면 처리농도가 높을수록 에칠렌생성량은 증가하였다. 2. 직접전구물질인 ACC를 엽신에 처리하면 처리농도가 높을수록 에칠렌생성량은 직선적으로 증가하였다. 3. 질소수준이 다를 벼의 유묘 및 엽신에 메치오닌 및 ACC를 처리하면 에칠렌생성량은 증가하나 질소수준이 높아질수록 에칠렌생성량은 현저히 억제 되어진다.

이모작재배에 적합한 극조숙 양질 다수성 소맥품종육성을 위하여 등수기간에 관여하는 유전자 작용에 대한 연구는 매우 중요하다. 추파성품종 Yam-hill과 Hyslop, 춘파성품종 Red Bobs와 Siete Cellos를 사용하여 4 4 complete diallel crosses F1 , F2 , BC1 및 BC2 를 작성, Jinks-Hay-man model를 이용하여 등숙기간에 관여하는 유전자 작용을 분석하였다. 본 시험은 오레곤 주립대학교에서 실시되었다. 그 결과의 개요는 다음과 같다. 전등숙기간인 출수에서 생리적 성숙기까지의 기간과 출수에서 개화까지의 기간에서 maternal effect 가 인정되지 않았으며 비대립유전자간 상호작용도 발현되지 않았다. 개화에서 생리적 성숙기까지의 기간에서는 비대립유전자간에 상호작용이 인정되었다. 춘파성 품종인 Red Bobs와 Siete Cellos는 전등숙기간과 출수에서 개화까지의 기간을 지배하는 우성유전자들을 가지고 있었으며 짧은 쪽에 비하여 긴쪽이 우성으로 발현되고 있었다. 대조적으로 추파성 품종인 Yamhill 과 Hyslop은 개화에서 생리적 성숙기까지의 기간을 지배하는 우성유전자들을 가지고 있었으며 긴쪽이 우성으로 작용하고 있었다. 그리고 이 유전자들은 문배친들간에 독립적으로 분포되어 있었다.

수도등숙에 미치는 ABA, BA 처리효과를 구명코저 저온 (20℃ /13℃ ), 중온(27℃ /20℃ ), 고온(34℃ /27℃ ) 조건하에서 시험을 실시하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수도출수후의 광합성과 호흡량은 저온과 중온하에서 ABA, BA 처리구가 각각 높은 수가를 나타내었고, 고온하에서는 광합성량이 오히려 떨어지는 경향이었다. 2. 엽록소 함량은 출수후 2주에서 3주 사이에 급격히 저하되었으며, ABA, BA 처리구는 저온과 중온에서 출수후 어느 시기에서나 대조구보다 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 지엽의 증산저항과 미립중의 ATP함량은 저온에서만이 반응을 나타내었다. 3. ABA 살포구는 저온하에서 지엽의 광합성과 엽록소 함량을 높여준 반면 증산저항은 낮았으며, 1차 지경 착생영화의 1립중, 등숙비율을 높게 하는 효과를 가져왔다.

수도품종 밀양2003, 이리327호 진흥을 공시하여 출수기를 전후한 저온시 등숙 향상을 위해 다찌가렌, SZ8028, SZ8028＋ABA를 출수기와 소포자초기에 살포한 후 저온(20℃/13℃ )과 외온에서 각각의 약효를 검토한 결과 다음과 같다. 1) 약제처리시기는 출수기보다 출수 1주전 즉 소포자초기 또는 지경의 위치로는 2차지경 착생영화는 1차지경 착생영화보다 약효가 컸다. 2) 저온구와 외온구 공히 악제별로는 SZ8028+ABA > 다찌가렌 > SZ 8028 순으로 임실율 및 립종이 증가되었다. 3) 소포자초기에 SZ 8028+ABA와 다찌가렌 살포구는 대조구보다 1차지경 착생영화는 2배, 2차 지경 착생영화는 3배 가량 임실율이 높아 약효가 인정되었다.

수도에서 질소시용량에 따른 Ethylene 생성량의 품종간 차이를 알아보기 위하여 만석벼 외 5품종을 공시하여 질소시용량을 N0,N1,N2 등 3수준으로하여 유묘기에 인공기상실에서 시험을 실시한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 질소시용량 증가에 따른 도체내의 질소함유율이 높아짐에 따라 Ethylene 생성량은 감소됨을 인정할 수 있었다. 2. 엽신에서 Ethylene 생성량의 품종간 차이는 현저하여 만석, 팔달이 많았고, 유신, IR-36이 적었다. 3. Ethylene생성량이 많은 품종(만석, 팔달)은 질소표준구(N1) 에 비하여 무비구(N0) 의 Ethylene 생성량이 급증하였고, Ethylene 생성량이 적은 품종(유신, IR-36)은 다비(N2) 에서 급감하는 경향이였다. 4. 도체내의 질소함유율에 따른 Ethylene생성량의 품종간 차이는 동일품종에서는 질소함유율이 많으면 Ethylene생성량이 적어지나 품종이 다를 경우에는 질소함유율이 많은 품종에서 Ethylene 생성량도 많은 경향이였다.

In the Sailing Rules of International Regulation for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, any definite distance between two vessels approaching each other is not referred for adequate maneuvering to avoid collision. At sea the officer in charge of bridge duty is required to guess safe distance before he takes maneuvering actions needed to avoid collision. Papers on safe distances calculated on the base of the motiional characteristics of ships for collision avoiding actions are very few. In this paper, the minimum safe approaching distances necessary for actions to be taken to avoid collision are calculated in numerical numbers definitely by mathematic formula based on the maneuvering indices got from experiments of actual ships. On the assumption that two vessels same in size and conditions are approaching each other, the author calculated the minimum safe approaching distance as 4.5 times, sufficient safe approaching one as 9.0 times the length of the ship involved in head-on situation and 5.0 times, 10 times respectively the length of the ship in each case mentioned above in crossing situation.

Since 1960 tankers and bulk carriers have rapidly increased in size up to 500, 000 dwt. in operating as main system of transportation for the international trade at sea, and studies are doing carried out by various groups with a view to increasing the size still further. However, the service speed of these ships has remained almost constant, and steering devices of them have nearly not changed, comparing with regular size of a dry cargo ship. This creats the dituation where stopping distance and advance are proportionally longer for larger ships. In case of collision at sea, these vessels have been arised some serious casualties, such as sinking, fire and oil pollution. This paper analyzers a study for the handling of super huge vessels to avoid collision at sea, basing on the results of the crash astern test and turning test of them.

The Maneuvering Indices of a ship are the values that decide the quantity of her motion in turning when her rudder is turned over to an angle to the starboard or the port. They consist of two kinds of indices, one of which is called index K and the other, index T. Index K decides a ship's turning ability and index T does the length of time delay of a normal turning motion after her rudder has finished the turn of an ordered angle. Generally, the values of the indices are calculated through some mathematic formulas with figures of her heading degrees recorded at a fixed time intervals during her Z test. The values of the same kind index of a ship appear differently according to the ship'sspeed, trim, rudder angle and loaded condition, etc. In this paper, the author analyzed all the amthematic formulas required to calculate the values of the indices in their forming process and examined them from the point of mathematics and dynamics and also actually figured out the values of maneuvering indices of the M.S. "HANBADA", the training ship of Korea Merchant Marine College through her Z test. The author supposed a case in which two same typed ships as the "HANBADA" in size, shape and conditions were approaching each other in meeting end on situation and each ship turned her rudder hard over to the starboard respectively when they approached to the distance of 3 times as long as the ship's length. The author worked out mathematic formulas calculating forward and transverse ship's motions within the above mentioned situation for the quantative analysis of the collision avoding action to certify whether they are in collision status or not. Applying the calculated values of the maneuvering indices of the "HANBADA" to the motion calculating formulas, the author found out the two ships were passing over each other with the clearing distance o 39m between their port quarters. With the above mentioned examinations and explanations, the author demonstrated that a ship's motion in any collision avoiding action can be shown with quantities of time and distance within reliable limit.istance within reliable limit.

잡초발생전에 처리하는 제초제에 대한 품종간 내약성을 검정하기 위하여 엽기별로 수심 및 온도처리를 달리하여 얻어진 약간의 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 3엽기에 수심이 1cm에서 9cm로 깊어 질수록 품종에 관계없이 낙해가 심하였으나 묘령이 진전된 7엽기에서는 품종간 수심처리의 영향이 경미하였다. 2. Saturn-S의 용해도는 타 처리여초제에 비하여 높은 관계로 수심이 1cm에서 9cm로 증가될수록 희석되어 낙해가 감소되었다. 3. 온도가 10℃ 에서 30℃ 로 상승할수록 낙해는 증가되었고 "토일"이 가장 민감하게 반응하여 건물중의 감소를 보였으며 진흥이 가장 큰 내락성을 보였다. 4. 품종간의 내략성차이는 품종의 형태 및 생리적 특성차에 의하여 나타나는 것을 간주된다나는 것을 간주된다