In this study, to reduce the weight of cross member assembly for small truck. In order to optimize the design of the cross member structure by changing the equation into the rivet coupling method, The size and the hole spacing of the large sheet plate, the rivet hole size of the large sheet plate, In the structural analysis, we looked at what was going to happen, and the tensile, shear The load test was carried out to investigate the damage caused by the maximum load acting on the rivet. Riveting work, but to improve productivity, we developed automated riveting device using robot To reduce the number of workers, reduce jig transfer and installation time, and reduce load factor. To produce the maximum output of the product.

도로 교통에서는 차세대 지능형 교통시스템(C-ITS)의 핵심 기술인 차량용 무선통신기술(WAVE)을 활용하여 교통사고 예방을 위한 차량과 차량, 차량과 인프라간 교통상황 등 정보를 전달하고 있다. 현재 해상에서는 상대선박의 상태 등의 정보를 전달하는 수단으로 AIS를 많이 활용하고 있으나 AIS 과부하 등 문제점이 대두되고 있어 차량용 무선통신기술을 해상에 적용하는 등 이를 해결하기 위한 다양한 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구를 통해 검증된 차량용 무선통신기술(WAVE)의 해상적용을 바탕으로 소형 선박에 적합한 선박 충돌경보시스템을 개발하였고 실선 TEST를 통해 충돌경보시스템의 적정성을 검토하였다. 차량용 무선통신기술을 활용한 시스템의 적용을 통해 해양사고 예방뿐만 아니라 e-Navigation이나 자율운항 선박 등 차세대 해양안전기술의 발전에 많은 기여를 할 것으로 예상이 된다.

Untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting is a discovery tool for the identification of metabolites associated with the response to dietary and environmental perturbations. Direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART MS) promises to be a powerful analytical technique for high-throughput metablome analysis of insect. In this study, we used the DART MS technique to find tracers related to the origin of small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), and conducted a untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting on the wings and exoskeleton in Chinese and domestic collectives. This paper showed that DART MS metabolomic fingerprinting represents a rapid and powerful analytical strategy enabling distinguish of two different origin’s small brown planthoppers by recording metabolomic fingerprints.

Small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray, 1867) (SHB) is one of the important pests of bee keeping industry. This species is endemic in sub-Saharan region of Africa that has recently became an invasive and distributing rapidly throughout the world. Recent detections of SHB in Philippines, Brazil and South Korea indicate that SHB has the potential to become a global pest for apiculture and wild bees. Having enough knowledge about the population source of invasion can help understand the pest ecology and develop the control tactics. SHB has invaded to South Korea in 2017 and cause heavy damage to apiaries in Miryang City, in south-eastern part of Korea and the origin of this pest is still unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the phylogenetic position and origin of Korean population of SHB. We sampled the SHB from different bee hives in Miryang city and used 922 bp part of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) region of mitochondrial DNA to compare with all previously reported COI sequences of SHB. The result showed that the population of SHB in south Korea is classified with South Africa, Zimbabwe, Madagascar, Canada, Australia and USA populations in one clade and among them, the lowest genetic distance between South Korean and USA populations indicated that most likely the SHB was imported from the United states to South Korea. No genetic difference has been detected between studied sequences from Korean population indicating that the invasion would had happen in one occasion.

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are being faced with rapid changes in their business environments due to evolution of technologies and innovation in societal eco-systems. Particularly, dynamic interactions between such environments and enterprise activities have become significant, so technology planning, which is a process of identifying appropriate directions regarding product and technology development, has received much attention to cope with such dynamics proactively. However, SMEs typically have limits in performing independent, strategical and systematical technology planning activities due to the lack of human, material and financial resources. This paper proposes the development of a product roadmapping method so that SMEs carry out efficient technology planning activities with interconnections of external business environments. The present work provides product roadmap templates that directly accommodate the influence of business environments on the product’s system and its associated super/sub-systems with the use of external environment analysis techniques including TRIZ methodology, PEST and 5Forces analysis. These templates are useful to efficiently forecast the directions of product’s development and evolution, which arise from changes in external environments. Consequently, the present work enables SMEs to flexibly cope with the era of the next R&D generation, which pursues value creation through mutual interconnection between business environments and technology development.

Due to the concern on global warming, refrigerants having high GWP(Global Warming Potential) are being replaced to low GWP refrigerants. As for small slush maker, R-134a is being to replaced to R-290, whose GWP is 3. In this study, performance tests were conducted on the slush maker having dual evaporator, which was designed to operate using R-290. Results showed that the optimum refrigerant charge amount was 100g. At the charge amount, 61 minutes was needed to make a slush from a raw milk substance, which contained 10% sucrose. The power consumption was 0.89 kW, which yielded COP of 0.252. Tests were further conducted changing the outdoor air temperature. It was resulted that slush-making was possible at all outdoor temperatures except at an extreme temperature of 43°C. Even at the temperature, slush-making was possible if the machine operated with a single evaporator. The COP increased with the decrease of the outdoor temperature.

This study was conducted in order to improve opening efficiency of the miniaturized small-scale net for anchovy boat seine gear to reduce the fleet size. Field experiment was performed to observe geometry of nets by catcher boats. When the distance between the two ships was 150, 300 and 450 m and the speed of towing nets was 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 kt, the vertical opening and actual opening of each part of the miniaturized small-scale net was as follows: the front part of the wing net, 6.8-9.5 m, 45-63%; the middle part of the wing net, 16.1-30.7 m, 34-65%; the entrance of the inside wing net, 21.6-41.2 m, 44-84%; the square and bosom, 17.4-34.0 m, 38-75%; the entrance of the body net, 16.5-29.4 m, 36-64%; the entrance of the bag net, 14.5-21.9 m, 70-106%; the flapper, 6.7-7.7 m, 81-83%, and the end of the bag net, 8.6-10.9 m, 64-81%. The tension of towing nets was measured to be 2,734-6,812 kg approximately, which indicates that the fleet can tow nets with 350 hp, the standard engine horse power. The fishing operation time was shortened comparing to existent net with the large-scale buoy attachment operation. It was also possible to operate the ship without fish detecting boat.

2017년 12월 인천의 영흥도에서 발생한 급유선과 낚시어선의 충돌사고를 비롯하여 소형 어선의 충돌 사고가 잇따라 발생하고 있다. 해양수산부에서 이러한 소형 어선의 해양사고를 예방하기 위하여 5톤 미만의 어선원에 대한 교육·훈련 규정 마련 등 교육 강화 및 근로환경 개선 등 선박종사자의 안전역량 제고를 위해 노력하고 있으나, 여전히 소형 선박은 해양사고에 매우 취약한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 소형선박의 충돌 사고를 예방하기 위하여 새로운 통신 기법인 차량용 무선통신(WAVE 통신)을 활용한 소형 선박을 위한 충돌 예방 알고리즘을 구축하고자 하였다. 충돌 예방 알고리즘은 DCPA/TCPA를 기반으로 구성되었으며, DCPA/TCPA의 기준 설정을 위하여 선행 연구 분석, 시뮬레이션 실험 및 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 DCPA ８(La + Lb), TCPA 2.5min의 기준을 적용하였다. 각각 다른 조우 상황의 3가지 사고 사례를 선별한 후 구성된 알고리즘을 적용하여 어느 시기에 경보가 발생하는지 확인하였다. 추후에 실선 적용을 통하여 문제점을 식별하고 알고리즘을 고도화한다면 소형 선박의 운항자가 충돌 상황을 사전에 인지하는데 정보를 제공할 수 있다.

대한민국 정부는 해양사고 예방 및 해양안전 확보를 위해 지속적으로 법제도를 개선하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근 해양사고는 계속적으로 증가하고 있어, 그동안 정부의 해양안전관련 법제도 개선방안 실효성은 미흡했음을 시사하고 있다. 최근 해양사고의 발생현황을 살펴보면, 전체 해양사고 건수 중 총톤수 10톤 미만의 소형어선이 차지하는 비중은 5년(’13~’17년)평균의 44.9%를 차지하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 해양사고 비중이 높은 소형어선의 해양안전 확보방안을 모색하기 위해, 관련 국내외 법제도의 현황과 특징을 조사 및 분석하였다. 그 결과, 국내 소형어선 관련 법제도는 어선과 비어선의 관련법이 통합(’97)되고 분법(’09)된 이력에 따라 접목교잡(接木交雜)의 현상을 보이고 있으며, 제도의 개선방안은 안전설비의 비치강화라는 단편적인 개선만 이루어 졌다는 문제점이 식별되었다. 또한, 해외 관련 법제도에서는 어선 소유자 및 운항자의 책임강화 및 자율검사제도 도입 등의 특징이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 이를 바탕으로 국내 해양안전 확보를 위해 실효성 있는 소형어선 법제도 개선방안을 제시하였다.

소립 검정콩의 생산지역 확대를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 중북부지역에서 생산된 소립 검정콩의 품질과 이화학 특성을 검토하였다. 소립 검정콩의 수분, 조회분, 조지방, 조단백질 및 탄수화물 함량은 각각 5.53~6.69, 5.47~6.54, 15.38~19.14, 34.17~40.26 및 32.04~36.85 g/100 g으로 품종 및 파종 시기에 따라 대체적으로 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 명도, 적색도 및 황색도는 각각 35.60~38.61, －0.02~0.07 및 －0.56~－0.13으로 나타났고, 수분결합력, 용해도 및 팽윤력은 각각 84.48~148.31, 46.65~54.89 및 29.87~35.12%로 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 1차, 2차 및 3차 파종한 시료에서 각각 10.40~15.48, 9.86~14.85 및 8.61~15.39 mg GAE/g, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 5.81~7.25, 5.81~7.34 및 5.52~7.64 mg CE/g으로 품종에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. DPPH radical 소거활성은 각각 4.55~7.86, 3.99~8.79 및 3.74~9.43 mg TE/g, ABTS radical 소거활성은 각각 9.32~12.90, 8.64~13.39 및 8.51~14.35 mg TE/g으로 품종에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 파종시기에 따라 다원콩, 소청 품종의 페놀 성분은 파종시기가 늦어질수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 소청, 쥐눈이 품종의 radical 소거활성은 유의적으로 감소하였고, 소청2호와 소청자 품종은 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 연구에서 품종 및 파종시기에 따라 페놀 성분 함량과 radical 소거활성이 달라지므로 재배지역의 환경을 고려하여 알맞은 품종과 적정 파종시기에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to verity the applicability of a portable small-loop electromagnetic survey method to underground cavity detection. METHODS: In order to evaluate applicability of the method, a test bed comprised of four sections was constructed. The two sizes of the four cavities artificially formed at two depths were contained in the test bed. Each cavity was positioned at center of each 6 m long section. Four types of pavement materials such as unpaved ground, bricks, asphalt, and concrete were used at every section. The portable small-loop electromagnetic device measured electrical conductivity as an exploration signal that varied according to the electrical properties underground. The electrical conductivity was converted into two-dimensional electrical resistivity distribution sections using an inverse analysis program. RESULTS : The results showed that the electrical resistivity of the non-cavity area was lower than that of the cavity area. The electrical resistivity increased as the measurement device moved closer to the cavity position. It was also found that the electrical resistivity values were not significantly affected by pavement type. The small cavity with diameter of 35 cm could be detected up to 1.2 m depth. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it was verified that the portable small-loop electromagnetic survey method is applicable to the detection of cavities in sections where ground subsidence is expected. This method can be effectively used for small-scale roads such as sidewalks, parkways, and side streets where large exploration equipment cannot enter.