The purpose of this study is to enhance heat insulation effect and to decrease fire hazard by attaching aluminum foil to expanded polystyrene, which is mainly used for insulating materials, to have fire retardant. The result of the test confirmed that the insulating materials, expanded polystyrene of 10 kg/m3 and 14 kg/m3 of density attached aluminum foil on both sides, showed 12%, 14% of improved heat transfer coefficient respectively compared to existing expanded polystyrene of the same density. Besides, they met all the standards for the testing of heat release and gas hazard. On the other hand, the one made of general expanded polystyrene could not meet the standards of the heat release test and the gas hazard test.

Commercial polystyrene-based ion exchange membranes have simple manufacturing processes, they also possess the poor durability due to their brittleness. Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate with hydrophilic side chain of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a co-monomer to make the membranes have improved flexibility. Hydrophilicity of the anion exchange membrane was able to be adjusted by varying the chain lengths of the PEG polymers. For the preparation of the anion exchange membranes, a porous PE substrate was immersed into monomer solutions and thermally polymerized and crosslinked. The prepared membranes were then subsequently post-aminated using trimethylamine(TMA). The prepared pore-filled anion exchange membranes were evaluated in terms of ion exchange capacity(IEC), electric resistance(ER) and water uptake.

Graphene is an interesting material because it has remarkable properties, such as high intrinsic carrier mobility, good thermal conductivity, large specific surface area, high transparency, and high Young’s modulus values. It is produced by mechanical and chemical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and epitaxial growth. In particular, large-area and uniform single- and few-layer growth of graphene is possible using transition metals via a thermal CVD process. In this study, we utilize polystyrene and boron oxide, which are a carbon precursor and a doping source, respectively, for synthesis of pristine graphene and boron doped graphene. We confirm the graphene grown by the polystyrene and the boron oxide by the optical microscope and the Raman spectra. Raman spectra of boron doped graphene is shifted to the right compared with pristine graphene and the crystal quality of boron doped graphene is recovered when the synthesis time is 15 min. Sheet resistance decreases from approximately 2000 Ω/sq to 300Ω/sq with an increasing synthesis time for the boron doped graphene.

We synthesized the poly(4-vinylbenzyltributylammonium hexanesulfonate) P[VBTBA][HS] which was obtained via anion exchange with hexanesulfonate after acquiring monomer [VBTBA][Cl] by Menshutkin reaction to investigate its feasibility as draw solute for forward osmosis process. P[VBTBA][HS] shows lower critical solution temperature (LCST) property at about 21℃, while LCST property of [VBTBA][Cl] and P[VBTBA][Cl] was not confirmed. This result suggests that P[VBTBA][HS] can be recovered from solution by heating them to above LCST. In AL-FS mode with solution of 20 wt% P[VBTBA][HS] at 15℃, water flux and reverse solute flux were found to be about 6.43 LMH and 0.59 gMH. This study can provide an understanding of new way of proceeding draw solute and information for the potential design and synthesis of thermo-responsive organic material.

Commercial polystyrene-based ion exchange membranes have simple manufacturing processes, they also possess the poor durability due to their brittleness. Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate with hydrophilic side chain of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a co-monomer to make the membranes have improved flexibility. Hydrophilicity of the anion exchange membrane was able to be adjusted by varying the chain lengths of the PEG polymers. For the preparation of the anion exchange membranes, a porous PE substrate was immersed into monomer solutions and thermally polymerized and crosslinked. The prepared membranes were then subsequently post-aminated using trimethylamine (TMA). The prepared pore-filled anion exchange membranes were evaluated in terms of ion exchange capacity (IEC), electric resistance (ER) and water uptake.

This research investigates the effects of trench installation methods with expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam on the behavior of buried corrugated steel arch structure. A universal finite element analysis program, ABAQUS, was used to model and analyze the structure. For this study, the S275 corrugated steel with a profile of 152x51mm and the arch has fixed boundary condition. The structure was analyzed for three different configurations, namely; without EPS geofoam, imperfect trench installation (ITI), and embedded trench installation (ETI). ITI and ETI cases were further divided depending on the width and height of EPS geofoam. The width of EPS geofoam varies from the span of the arch up to a 30% increase of the span of the arch while its height varies from the rise of the arch upto 100% increase of the rise of the arch. The results from the finite element analysis revealed that the ETI reduced the wall stresses by at least 53.95%. It is recommended to conduct further study regarding ETI to validate the results and to further improved the design criteria of buried corrugated steel arch as it is expected to bring about cost reduction and stability for buried structures.

Urchin-structured zinc oxide(ZnO) nanorod(NR) gas sensors were successfully demonstrated on a polyimide(PI) substrate, using single wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) as the electrode. The ZnO NRs were grown with ZnO shells arranged at regular intervals to form a network structure with maximized surface area. The high surface area and numerous junctions of the NR network structure was the key to excellent gas sensing performance. Moreover, the SWCNTs formed a junction barrier with the ZnO which further improved sensor characteristics. The fabricated urchin-structured ZnO NR gas sensors exhibited superior performance upon NO2 exposure with a stable response of 110, fast rise and decay times of 38 and 24 sec, respectively. Comparative analyses revealed that the high performance of the sensors was due to a combination of high surface area, numerous active junction points, and the use of the SWCNTs electrode. Furthermore, the urchin-structured ZnO NR gas sensors showed sustainable mechanical stability. Although degradation of the devices progressed during repeated flexibility tests, the sensors were still operational even after 10000 cycles of a bending test with a radius of curvature of 5 mm.

While commercial polystyrene-based ion exchange membranes have simple manufacturing processes, they also possess the poor durability due to their brittleness. Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate with hydrophilic side chain of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a co-monomer to make the membranes have improved flexibility. Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the anion exchange membrane was able to be adjusted by varying the chain lengths of the PEG. For the preparation of the anion exchange membranes, a porous PE substrate was immersed into monomer solutions and thermally polymerized. The prepared membranes were then subsequently post-aminated using trimethylamine. The prepared pore-filled anion exchange membranes were evaluated in terms of ion exchange capacity, electric resistance and water uptake.

목 적 : 공기와 인체조직 간에 경계면에서 자화율 차이로 인한 자장의 불균일은 불균질한 지방소거(fat suppression)을 일으 킨다. 이에 본 연구는 폴리스티렌(polystyrene) 적용 전·후에 따른 자장의 불균일 보정을 통해 fat suppression 개선 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Phantom study는 본 연구를 위해 자체 제작한 fat phantom에 테스트물질 공기, 쌀, 폴리스티렌(polystyrene ball bullet), 발포성 폴리스티렌(expandable poly-styrene beads), 폴리프로필렌 칩형태(polypropylene chip type), 폴리프 로필렌 작은 칩형태(polypropylene small chip type)을 각각 넣고, 자화율 차이에 민감한 SPIR T1 weighted image(T1WI) 영상을 획득하여 Fat과 테스트 물질 경계면의 signal intensity(SI)를 측정하였다. Patient study는 2016년 11월부터 동년 12 월까지 neck 검사를 시행한 환자 12명을 대상으로 하였으며, 폴리스티렌(polystyrene ball bullet)을 목에 감쌀 수 있게 자체 제작하여 착용 전·후 SPIR T1WI을 획득하였다. Phantom study의 평가방법은 fat과 테스트 물질 경계면의 SI변화를 알아 보고 SNR을 비교평가 하였고, Patient study는 MRI 전문방사선사 3명이 neck 부분영상의 fat suppression 정도에 대해 리 커트(Likert scale) 5점 척도로 영상을 평가하였다. 통계적 분석은 대응표본 T검정을 이용하여 유의성을 검증하였다. 결 과 : Phantom 영상에서 평균 SI는 공기 1516.5±121.46, 쌀 240.5±4.46, 폴리스티렌 183.83±29.38, 발포성 폴리스티렌 1483.67±155.36, 폴리프로필렌 칩 형태 258.17±3.6, 폴리프로필렌 작은 칩 형태 140±26.07으로 측정되었다. SNR의 경우 는 공기(1495.55) > 발포성 폴리스티렌(1406.32) > 폴리스티렌(660.48) > 쌀(621.98) > 폴리프로필렌 칩 형태(512.91) > 폴리 프로필렌 작은 칩 형태(506.02)의 순으로 확인되었다. Patient study SPIR T1WI 영상의 정성적 평가 결과는 착용 전 평균값 3.38±0.79점, 착용 후 평균값 4.33±0.54점으로 나타났으며, 통계적 분석은 유의확률이 0.002으로 유의한 결과를 보였다. 결 론 : 폴리스티렌은 MRI 이미지 신호에 영향이 없고 위생적이며 가볍고 인체에 적용하기 쉽다. 공기와 인체조직 간의 자 화율 차이를 보상할 수 있는 폴리스티렌 보정물을 이용한다면 fat suppression을 개선하여 진단적 가치가 높은 영상을 구현 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

내열성이 우수한 polystyrene(PS)를 혈액투석용 분리막으로 사용하기 위해 생체적합성이 우수한 고분자를 블랜딩하여 나노파이버 혈액투석막을 제조하였다. 제조된 PS nanofiber mambrane은 직경(fiber meter), 표면특성, 기공크기 분석을 통해 혈액투석용 분리막으로 최적화하였다. PS nanofiber membrane을 음이온 및 친수성 고분자 용액으로 화학적 개질하여 혈액투석막의 효율을 향상시키고자 하였다. 개질 용액의 음이온기는 혈액 속 단백질 흡착을 저지시켜 내오염성을 향상시켰으며 친수성기는 혈액 속 과잉수분 및 염분을 제거하였다.

최근, 전세계적으로 물 부족 현상과 지역개발 및 산업 고도화, 인구증가와 함께 물 수요는 증가하고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 해수담수화 방법이 있다. 해수 담수화의 많은 방법 중 이온 교환막을 이용한 실험을 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 Anion exchange resin을 대체할 수 있는 물질로 Polystyrene Latex입자를 제조 하였다. 제조된 입자에 chloromethylation과 amination을 통해 –NH3+, -NR3+, -PR3+, -SR2+등의 관능기를 도입하였으며, 제조된 입자와 고분자를 합하여 하이브리드 막 제조를 하였다. 특성평가로는 SEM, TGA, DSC, FT-IR, IEC Value를 통한 측정을 진행하였다.

본 연구는 폴리스타렌(PS) 수지의 유화공정 효율성 향상을 위해 저온열분해 회분식 반응기를 이용하여, 단일 PS 수지와 Co 및 Mo 촉매를 각각 첨가한 PS 수지를 반응온도(425, 450, 475℃), 반응 시간(20~80분, 15분 간격), 촉매 농도변화에 따른 PS수지의 액화생성물 전환율을 측정하였다. 최적의 열분해 조건은 반응온도 450℃, 반응시간 35분으로 판단되며, 전환된 액화생성물의 주요 성분은 GC/MS 분석결과 스타이렌 및 벤젠유도체가 대부분으로 나타났다. 생성물은 산업통상자원부에서 고시 한 증류성상 온도에 따라 가스, 가솔린, 등유, 경유, 중유로 분류하여 그 수율을 측정하였다. 그리고 45 0℃ 반응온도에서 촉매 사용에 따른 전환율은 Co 촉매 > Mo 촉매 > 무촉매 순이었으며, 생성물 중 가 스, 등유, 경유수율은 Mo 촉매, 가솔린은 무촉매, 중유는 Co 촉매에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다. Co 및 Mo 촉매 혼합 농도별 전환율 및 열분해 생성물 수율은 Co 촉매 100% 사용 시 가장 우수한 것으로 판 단된다.

염수전기분해(saline water electrolysis) 또는 클로로-알칼리 막공정(chlor-alkali membrane process)은 양이온교환 막과 전극으로 구성되는 전해셀에 전기를 가하여, 고순도(> 99%)의 고부가가치 화합물(예 : 염소, 수소, 수산화나트륨)을 직 접 제조하는 화학공정이다. 염수전기분해의 경제성은 동일한 양의 화합물을 생산하기 위해 투여되는 에너지 소비량을 저감 시킴으로 달성될 수 있다. 이러한 이슈는 전해질이나 전극의 고유 저항을 줄이거나, 전해질과 전극 사이의 계면 저항을 감소 시킴으로 달성시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 전자빔 동시조사법을 사용하여, 높은 화학적 안정성을 지닌 탄화수소계 술폰산 이 오노머 막의 표면에 높은 이온선택성을 갖는 고분자를 접목 시키는 시도가 이루어졌다. 이를 통해, 고분자 전해질 막의 이온 전도성을 보완함과 동시에, 전극과의 계면 저항을 감소시켜, 전기화학적 효율 향상이 이루어짐을 관찰하였다.

While commercial polystyrene-based ion exchange membranes have simple manufacturing processes, they also possess the poor durability due to their brittleness. Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate with hydrophilic side chain of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a co-monomer to make the membranes have improved flexibility. Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the anion exchange membrane was able to be adjusted by varying the chain lengths of the PEG. For the preparation of the anion exchange membranes, a porous PE substrate was immersed into monomer solutions and thermally polymerized. The prepared membranes were then subsequently post-aminated using trimethylamine. The prepared pore-filled anion exchange membranes were evaluated in terms of ion exchange capacity, electric resistance and water uptake.

Carbonyl iron (CI) is successfully incorporated as an additive into a polystyrene (PS) matrix via a highenergy ball milling method, under an n-hexane medium with volume fractions between 1% and 5% for electromagnetic interference shielding applications by the combination of magnetic CI and an insulating PS matrix. The morphology and the dispersion of CI are investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, which indicates a uniform distribution of CI in the PS matrix after 2 h of milling. The thermal behavior results indicate no significant degradation of the PS when there is a slight increase in the onset temperature with the addition of CI powder, when compared to the as-received PS pellet. After milling, there are no interactions between the CI and the PS matrix, as confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. In this study, the milled CI-PS powder is extruded to make filaments, and can have potential applications in the 3-D printing industry.

Self-assembled monolayers(SAM) of microspheres such as silica and polystyrene(PS) beads have found widespread application in photonic crystals, sensors, and lithographic masks or templates. From a practical viewpoint, setting up a highthroughput process to form a SAM over large areas in a controllable manner is a key challenging issue. Various methods have been suggested including drop casting, spin coating, Langmuir Blodgett, and convective self-assembly(CSA) techniques. Among these, the CSA method has recently attracted attention due to its potential scalability to an automated high-throughput process. By controlling various parameters, this process can be precisely tuned to achieve well-ordered arrays of microspheres. In this study, using a restricted meniscus CSA method, we systematically investigate the effect of the processing parameters on the formation of large area self-assembled monolayers of PS beads. A way to provide hydrophilicity, a prerequisite for a CSA, to the surface of a hydrophobic photoresist layer, is presented in order to apply the SAM of the PS beads as a mask for photonic nanojet lithography.