이 연구의 목적은 기술이 매개하는 비대면 교육 환경에서 학습자의 즉시성이 수업 중 긍정적 정서경험에 미치는 영향성을 확인하는 데 있다. 구체적으로, 수업 중에 경험하는 사회적 실재감이 즉시성과 긍정적 정서 경험 간의 관계 를 매개할 것으로 보았고, 즉시성과 사회적 실재감 간의 관계는 개개인의 기술준비도에 의해 조절될 것으로 예측하 였다. 이를 위하여 비대면 수업에 참여한 경험이 있는 대학생 500여 명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였다. 분석 결과, 즉시성과 긍정적 정서 경험 간의 관계는 사회적 실재감에 의해 완전매개 되었다. 즉, 즉시성이 높은 학생들은 비대면 수업 중에 더 높은 사회적 실재감을 경험했고, 그 결과 부정적인 정서에 비해 긍정적인 정서를 더 많이 경험 하는 경향성을 보인 것이다. 또한 즉시성과 사회적 실재감 간의 관계는 기술준비도에 의해 조절되었다. 본 연구는 교수자의 즉시성이 학습자에게 미치는 긍정적 영향에 관한 기존 연구와 달리, 학습자 자신의 즉시성도 학습 과정에 긍정적 영향이 있음을 증명했다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다. 그 뿐 아니라 팬데믹 이후 변화된 학습자의 참여도와 만족 도 등을 예측하기 위하여 학습자의 커뮤니케이션 능력의 변화를 확인하는 것도 중요한 요인이 될 수 있음을 보인 결과라 하겠다.

The process control methods based on the statistical analysis apply the analysis method or mathematical model under the assumption that the process characteristic is normally distributed. However, the distribution of data collected by the automatic measurement system in real time is often not followed by normal distribution. As the statistical analysis tools, the process capability index (PCI) has been used a lot as a measure of process capability analysis in the production site. However, PCI has been usually used without checking the normality test for the process data. Even though the normality assumption is violated, if the analysis method under the assumption of the normal distribution is performed, this will be an incorrect result and take a wrong action. When the normality assumption is violated, we can transform the non-normal data into the normal data by using an appropriate normal transformation method. There are various methods of the normal transformation. In this paper, we consider the Box-Cox transformation among them. Hence, the purpose of the study is to expand the analysis method for the multivariate process capability index using Box-Cox transformation. This study proposes the multivariate process capability index to be able to use according to both methodologies whether data is normally distributed or not. Through the computational examples, we compare and discuss the multivariate process capability index between before and after Box-Cox transformation when the process data is not normally distributed.

Recently, the manufacturing process system in the industrial field has become more and more complex and has been influenced by many and various factors. Moreover, these factors have the dependent correlation rather than independent of each other. Therefore, the statistical analysis has been extended from the univariate method to the multivariate method. The process capability indices have been widely used as statistical tools to assess the manufacturing process performance. Especially, the multivariate process indices need to be enhanced with more useful information and extensive application in the recent industrial fields. The various multivariate process capability indices have been studying by many researchers in recent years. Hence, the purpose of the study is to compare the useful and various multivariate process capability indices through the simulation. Among them, we compare the useful models of several multivariate process capability indices such as MCpm, MC+pm and MCpl. These multivariate process capability indices are incorporates both the process variation and the process deviation from target or consider the expected loss caused by the process deviation from target. Through the computational examples, we compare these process capability indices and discuss their usefulness and effectiveness.

The objective of this study is to establish the shelf life of non-pasteurized whole egg, egg yolk and egg white liquid. Each sample was stored for two weeks at 5oC, 10oC, 15oC, and 25oC, and then sensory, microbial, and physicochemical tests were performed periodically. The estimation of shelf life was based on the microbial standards of total viable counts and coliforms. The chemical properties highly correlated with the sensory evaluation were also used. Our results showed that the shelf life was the most influenced by microbial properties. Exceptionally, however, whole egg and white liquid stored at 5oC and 10oC with limited bacterial growth were affected by chemical property. The shelf life of the three non-pasteurized liquids was calculated to be less than one day at over 15oC. At 5oC and 10oC, the shelf life was calculated to be 5 d and 1 d for egg yolk liquid, 5 d and 5 d for egg white, and 7 d and 5 d for whole egg, respectively. Therefore, it is advisable to establish reasonable shelf life in the more specific manner based on consideration of these findings.

Commercial polystyrene-based ion exchange membranes have simple manufacturing processes, they also possess the poor durability due to their brittleness. Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate with hydrophilic side chain of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a co-monomer to make the membranes have improved flexibility. Hydrophilicity of the anion exchange membrane was able to be adjusted by varying the chain lengths of the PEG polymers. For the preparation of the anion exchange membranes, a porous PE substrate was immersed into monomer solutions and thermally polymerized and crosslinked. The prepared membranes were then subsequently post-aminated using trimethylamine(TMA). The prepared pore-filled anion exchange membranes were evaluated in terms of ion exchange capacity(IEC), electric resistance(ER) and water uptake.

In the industrial fields, the process capability index has been using to evaluate the variation of quality in the process. The traditional process capability indices such as Cp, Cpk, Cpm, and C┼pm have been applied in the industrial fields. These traditional process capability indices are mainly applied in the univariate analysis. However, the main streams in the recent industry are the multivariate manufacturing process and the multiple quality characteristics are corrected each other. Therefore, the multivariate statistical method should be used in the process capability analysis. The multivariate process indices need to be enhanced with more useful information and extensive application in the recent industrial fields. Hence, the purpose of the study is to develop a more effective multivariate process index (MCpI ) using the multivariate inverted normal loss function. The multivariate inverted normal loss function has the flexibility for the any type of the symmetrical and asymmetrical loss functions as well as the economic information. Especially, the proposed modeling method for the multivariate inverted normal loss function (MINLF) and the expected loss from MINLF in this paper can be applied to the any type of the symmetrical and asymmetrical loss functions. And this modeling method can be easily expanded from a bivariate case to a multivariate case.

Commercial polystyrene-based ion exchange membranes have simple manufacturing processes, they also possess the poor durability due to their brittleness. Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate with hydrophilic side chain of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a co-monomer to make the membranes have improved flexibility. Hydrophilicity of the anion exchange membrane was able to be adjusted by varying the chain lengths of the PEG polymers. For the preparation of the anion exchange membranes, a porous PE substrate was immersed into monomer solutions and thermally polymerized and crosslinked. The prepared membranes were then subsequently post-aminated using trimethylamine (TMA). The prepared pore-filled anion exchange membranes were evaluated in terms of ion exchange capacity (IEC), electric resistance (ER) and water uptake.

While commercial polystyrene-based ion exchange membranes have simple manufacturing processes, they also possess the poor durability due to their brittleness. Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate with hydrophilic side chain of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a co-monomer to make the membranes have improved flexibility. Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the anion exchange membrane was able to be adjusted by varying the chain lengths of the PEG. For the preparation of the anion exchange membranes, a porous PE substrate was immersed into monomer solutions and thermally polymerized. The prepared membranes were then subsequently post-aminated using trimethylamine. The prepared pore-filled anion exchange membranes were evaluated in terms of ion exchange capacity, electric resistance and water uptake.

일제 식민지기 국가신도에 관한 연구는 식민지 조선에 일본의 국가종 교를 이식하려는 조선총독부의 종교정책과 이로 인해 민족 정체성의 말살을 강요당한 피식민지인이라는 이항적 대립구조에 초점이 맞추어져 왔다. 국가신도는 메이지 유신 이래 황실신도와 신사신도가 결합하여 만들어진 국가제사 체제로서, 국가신도와 관련된 식민주체들은 그들의 다양한 목적을 위헌 경함의 장(場) 속에서 소위 국가신도의 이식을 실천 해왔으며, 그들 개개인의 실천적 행위는 ‘국가신도의 강제’라는 단일한 사회적 행위로 환원될 수 없다. 일제식민지기 신사(神社)는 크게 일본거류민에 의해 창건된 거류민신사와 식민정권에 의해 건립된 관공립신사로 나눌 수 있다. 한일병합 이후 식민정권에 의해 건립된 조선의 총진수인 조선신궁 및 각 지방의 총 진수로 건립된 지방신사가 황민화를 위한 신사참배와 국가제사에 적극적으로 이용된 반면, 일본거류민에 의해 창건된 거류민신사는 대부분 한일병합 이전 거류민의 종교적 필요성에 의해 건립되었다. 아오이(靑井 哲人)에 따르면, 조선 내 일본거류민신사는 1915년까지 총 25개, 요배소가 총 6개 창건되었으며, 요배소를 포함한 총 31개 신사 중 4곳을 제외 한 27개의 신사가 아마테라스를 제신으로 봉제했다. 본고에서는 일본거류민과 거류민봉제신사와의 관계를 파악하기 위하여, 한성부에서 최초로 건립된 거류민봉제신사 남산대신궁을 연구대상으로, 한성부 내의 일본거류민의 사회적․종교적 삶을 재조명하면서 그들에게 있어 신사의 함의를 파악하고자 한다. 또한 남산대신궁의 제신 및 제사의 민간종교적 성격, 즉 신사제사의 세시풍속․일생통과의례 및 영적 인위안을 위한 의례적 측면의 고찰을 통해 국가신도의 종교성을 살펴 보고자 한다. 이 연구는 그동안 황민화 수단의 사회적 기관으로 일축되어온 국가신도의 제신(祭神) 및 제사의 종교성을 고찰하고, 기존에 논의 되어온 국가신도의 단일성을 넘어 국가신도에 대한 일본거류민의 계층적 경험의 다양성을 제시하는데 그 의의가 있다.

While commercial polystyrene-based ion exchange membranes have simple manufacturing processes, they also possess the poor durability due to their brittleness. Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate with hydrophilic side chain of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used as a co-monomer to make the membranes have improved flexibility. Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the anion exchange membrane was able to be adjusted by varying the chain lengths of the PEG. For the preparation of the anion exchange membranes, a porous PE substrate was immersed into monomer solutions and thermally polymerized. The prepared membranes were then subsequently post-aminated using trimethylamine. The prepared pore-filled anion exchange membranes were evaluated in terms of ion exchange capacity, electric resistance and water uptake.

본 연구는 계란을 난백과 난황으로 분리하여, 액란 상태에서 8, 10, 15, 25, 35℃의 보관온도가 S. Enteritidis와 S. Typhimurium 두 혈청 형의 증식 또는 사멸패턴에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 난백에서는 8, 10, 15, 35℃에서 두 혈청 형 모두 감소하였으나 25℃에서는 두 혈청 형 모두 증식 하여 상온에서의 관리에 대한 주의가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 반면 10, 15, 25, 35℃ 난황에서는 두 혈청 형 모두 성장하였으나 8℃에서는 감소하여 유통·판매시 난황으로 준비된 액란을 냉장온도로 철저하게 관리해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 난황에서 증식한 S. Enteritidis와 S.Typhimurium의 성장곡선을 Modified Gompertz model에 적용하여 산출된 유도기(LT)와 최대증식속도(SGR) 및 최대개체군밀도(MPD)값을 Davey model과 Square-root model 및 Polynomial second order model을 이용하여 각각 온도의 영향을 나타내는 2차 모델을 개발하였다. 모든 온도에서 S. Enteritidis가 S. Typhimurium보다 유도기가 짧고 최대증식속도가 빠르게 나타나 액란 제품에서의 S. Enteritidis에 대한 위험성이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

상업적으로 이용되는 폴리스티렌계 이온교환막은 제조 공정이 쉽고 간단하지만 막이 가지는 취성 때문에 내구성이 약하다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이를 보완하기 위하여 친수성 그룹인 poly(ethylene glycol)을 곁사슬로 가지고 있는 poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate를 공중합시켜 음이온 교환막을 합성하였다. 지지체로는 내화학성 및 기계적 강도가 우수한 다 공성 PE 지지체를 사용하였고, 여기에 다양한 조성의 vinylbenzyl chloride, styrene, poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate, divinylbenzene, benzoyl peroxide를 녹인 단량체 용액을 지지체 기공에 채운 뒤 열중합 가교시켜 trimethylamine을 이 용하여 음이온 교환기를 도입해 세공충전 음이온 교환막을 합성하였다. 또한 poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate의 곁사슬 길이와 각 단량체가 차지하는 비율의 변화가 음이온 교환막의 전기화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다.

폴리스티렌계 음이온교환막은 제조가 쉽고 공정이 간단한 장점을 갖고 있으나 막의 취성이 높아 내구성이 떨어지 는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이를 보완하여 유연하고 우수한 내구성을 갖는 막을 만들기 위해 acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber를 첨 가제로 사용하여 음이온교환막을 제조하였다. 다양한 조성의 vinylbenzylchloride와 styrene, divinylbenzene, acrylonitrile- butadiene rubber 그리고 benzoyl peroxide로 이루어진 단량체 용액을 지지체인 직물 형태의 지지체인 poly(propylene)위 에 캐스팅 후 열중합 가교시킨 다음 trimethylamine과 acetone을 이용하여 음이온 교환기(-N+(CH3)3)를 함유하는 복합막을 제 조하였다. 음이온 교환막 제조시 첨가제의 함량에 따른 막의 성능을 평가하여 최적화 비율을 찾고, 단량체의 함량을 변화하여 함수율, 이온교환용량(IEC) 및 전기저항 값을 측정하였다. 그 결과 최적화 비율로 제조된 막들은 아스톰사의 상용화 음이온 교환막(AMX)보다 높은 IEC와 낮은 전기저항 값을 나타내는 동시에 유연성과 내구성이 우수한 막이 만들어진 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study was performed with 482 subjects(278 boys and 204 girls in Seoul and Kyunggido area) to find out the attitude and eating behaviors about Kimchi on Korean young generation. General characteristics about subject and attitude and eating behavior were surveyed by self-developed questionnaires. 85.9% of the subjects were nuclear family type and 49.9% of respondent's mother had full-time job and 96.1% of subjects were middle or upper economic status. The preference for Kimchi, 60.4% of respondents answered that they liked Kimchi. According to grade, the rate of preference about Kimchi was significantly different, higher grade students were found higher preference on Kimchi : 64.4% of middle and 70.4% of high school students liked Kimchi. The eating patterns of Kimchi, up to 60% of respondents answered they ate Kimchi in every meal time, which suggested that it was still an important side dish in Korean meal among teenagers. The eating behaviors on Kimchi, 85~90% of respondents answered that they preferred Kimchi in meal time. Baechu Kimchi(chinese cabbage Kimchi) and Gakdugi(radish cube Kimchi) was highly preferred. And their preference of food which made from Kimchi (such as Kimchi fried rice, Kimchi stew, Kimchi pancake) was highly evaluated. 65.6% of residents pointed out that 'Kimchi is very nutritious food'. The respondent's structure of value on Kimchi were not significantly difference between sex and age. But it was significantly difference(p〈0.01) between the groups with preference and familiarity on Kimchi. The group had higher preference and familiarity on Kimchi agreed to the positive values about Kimchi. These result suggested that various kinds of Kimchi should be developed for young generation to meet their taste and also continuous nutrition education about traditional food especially Kimchi should be promoted at home and school.