한국고유종인 밭고랑거미과의 봉화밭고랑거미Agroeca bonghwaensis (Seo, 2011) 수컷을 측정치 및 형태학적 도해와 함께 처음으로 기재한다. 봉화밭고랑거미의 수컷은 A. brunnea (Blackwall, 1833) 수컷의 더듬이다리기관과 유사하나 끝부분이 뭉뚝한 후측면돌기와 기부가 넓고 끝부분이 넓은 갈고리 모양의 중부돌기로 쉽게 구분된다.

Four species of the families Gnaphosidae and Clubionidae are reported. Cladothela unmunensis n. sp. is described from Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Drassodes longispinus Marusik and Logunov, 1995, Gnaphosa inconspecta Simon, 1878 and Clubiona tongdaoensis Zhang, Yin, Bao and Kim, 1997 are newly recorded to the Korean spider fauna.

Four new species of the spider genera Trilacuna Tong and Li, 2007, Orchestina Simon, 1882 and Hahnia C. L. Koch, 1841 are described from Korea; Trilacuna hansanensis n. sp., Orchestina infirma n. sp., Hahnia montana n. sp. and Hahnia implexa n. sp. The genera Trilacuna and Orchestina are reported from Korea for the first time.

Four species of the family Lycosidae are reported. Alopecosa gachangensis n. sp. is described from Daegu, Korea. A. aculeata (Clerck, 1757), Lycosa boninensis Tanaka, 1989 and Pardosa hokkaido Tanaka and Suwa, 1986 are newly recorded to the Korean spider fauna.

Four new species of the genera Masirana Komatsu, 1942 and Longileptoneta n. gen. (Araneae, Leptonetidae) are described from Gyeongsangbuk-do and Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, under the names Longileptoneta songniensis n. sp., Masirana bonghwaensis n. sp., M. ilweolensis n. sp., and M. flabelli n. sp. A new genus, Longileptoneta n. gen., is also described.

Ten new species of the genus Falcileptoneta are described; Falcileptoneta bifurca n. sp., F. boeunensis n. sp., F. chiakensis n. sp., F. cornuta n. sp., F. digitalis n. sp., F. hansanensis n. sp., F. juwangensis n. sp., F. moakensis n. sp., F. naejangenesis n. sp., and F. unmunensis n. sp. And six species previously known as Leptoneta spiders are transferred to Falcileptoneta as fo11ows; Falcileptoneta coreana (Paik and Namkung, 1969), F. hwanseonensis (Namkung, 1987), F. secula (Namkung, 1987), F. simboggulensis (Paik, 1971), F. yebongsanensis (Kim, Lee and Namkung, 2004), and F. yongdamgulensis (Paik and Namkung, 1969), all n. comb.

A new species of the genus Ebrechtella Dahl, Ebrechtella juwangensis n. sp. and the male of Ozyptila geumoensis Seo and Sohn, 1997 are reported new to science. Ozyptila utotchkini Marusik, 1990 is reported for the first time in Korea. Habitus photos and illustrations of these three species are provided.

A new species of the genus Robertus Pickard-Cambridge, Robertus subtilis n. sp. is described from Mt. Odae in Gangwon Province, Korea. Theridion serpatusum Guan and Zhu, 1993 and Lathys annulata Bösenberg and Strand, 1906 are reported for the first time in Korea. Habitus photos and illustrations of these three species are provided.

Araneae species are predators in natural ecosystem interact with various prey species. These linkage can be affected under climate change because species react not just individually but systematically. We focused on potential impact of climate change in Araneae fauna in national scale. In this study, potential species richness of Araneae in South Korea was predicted with MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy) model. Korea Forest Research Institute conducted national scale research of wandering arthropods. They monitored in uniformly set 366 points, and the data contain exact GPS points of study sites. Occurrence data were extracted from Prediction of Distribution and Abundance of Forest Spiders According to Climate Scenario (Korea Forest Research Institute, 2013). With the report, dominant 21 Araneae species that appeared more than 10% study sites were selected to estimate species richness. Training climate data were prepared from observation source of Korea Meteorological Administration. RCP 8.5 scenario data which represent future (2050, 2070) climate condition were downloaded from WORLDCLIM web site. In MaxEnt simulation, occurrence data for 21 species and 19 bioclimatic variables were used. Because the model outputs are expressed in index, the minimum training presence threshold rule was applied to distinguish presence/absence of each 21 species distribution model. We overlaid whole 21 thresholded output to get species richness map. The fluctuation between current and future species richness was calculated to observe changing trend in national scale. The results of Araneae fauna tends to move higher altitude and latitude. Species richness of lowlands is predicted to be diminished, but higher mountains are expected to be more suitable for many spider species. In some South Western coastal areas showed reduced richness in 2050 but will recover in 2070.

황갈새매거미(Haplodrassus mayumiae Kamura, 2007)와 무당귀털거미(Mangora crescopicta Yin et al., 1990)를 한국에서 처음으로 기재한다.

유령거미속의 4신종, Pholcus chiakensis n. sp. (치악유령거미; 신칭), P. gajiensis n. sp. (가지유령거미; 신칭), P. juwangensis n. sp. (주왕유 령거미; 신칭), P. palgongensis n. sp. (팔공유령거미; 신칭)을 기재한다. 그리고 기지의 17종과 함께 신종들의 검색표를 제공한다.

Transgenic lines of insect resistant cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) expressing Cry1Ac1 protein has been developed to control diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). The potential adverse effects of Bt crops on non-target arthropod herbivores and predators are major concerns. We conducted a tritrophic bioassay to study the ecological impacts of insecticidal transgenic cabbage on the wolf spider (Pardosa astrigera), a non-target generalist predator. First, we measured the levels of Cry1Ac1 proteins in fruit flies that were fed with the transgenic cabbage as well as those levels in the wolf spiders preying on the Bt cabbage-fed fruit flies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cry1Ac1 proteins were detected in the Bt cabbage fed fruit flies and also in the wolf spiders after preying on Bt cabbage-fed fruit flies. Second, we compared the life history characteristics of the wolf spiders preying on the Bt or non-Bt cabbage. Growth, development time and survival of the wolf spiders were not significantly different between Bt and non-Bt cabbage. Although the wolf spiders were exposed to Cry1Ac1 protein via feeding on the preys containing Cry1Ac1 proteins, their growth and survival was not significantly affected.

Epigeic spiders (Araneae) were surveyed in apple orchards under different farming practices (organic and conventional) in Muju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The study was conducted from April to October in 2013 with 2 weeks interval using pitfall traps. Collected spiders were identified as 20 species of 6 families from 819 individuals in organic orchardⅠ, 19 species of 10 families from 759 individuals in orchardⅡ and 16 species of 8 families from 209 individuals in conventional orchard for from 1,787 captured spiders. Biodiversity was analyzed with species richness, abundance and Shannon diversity index (H΄). Species richness was statistically higher in organic orchard than in conventional orchard. Organic orchardⅡ comprised the greatest abundance followed by organic orchard and conventional. But species diversity was the highest in organic orchardⅡ, intermediate in conventional orchard and the lowest in orchardⅠ. Lycosidae was the most dominant family in all orchards regardless farming practices. However, Linyphiidae dominated in organic orchards only. The most dominant species were Erigone koshiensis (Linyphiidae) in organicⅠ, Pardosa laura (Lycosidae) in organicⅡ and Arctosa pungcheunensis (Lycosidae) in conventional orchard.

보광염낭거미(Clubiona zacharovi Mikhailov, 1991)의 암컷을 우리나라에서 최초로 기재한다. 이 종은 식물의 잔사체나 돌 밑 등을 배회하는 희귀종이다.

접시거미 4종 을 한국미기록종으로 보고한다; Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall,1841) (가우리접시거미), Ryojius japonicus Saito and Ono, 2001 (오이접시거미), Sachaliphantes sachalinensis (Tanasevitch, 1988) (극동접시거미), Tmeticus vulcanicus Saito and Ono, 2001 (화산애접시거미). 4속 역시 한국미기록속이다; Centromerus Dahl,1886 (가우리접시거미속), Ryojius Saito and Ono, 2001 (오이접시거미속), Sachaliphantes Saaristo and Tanasevitch, 2004 (극동접시거미속), Tmeticus Menge, 1868 (유럽애접시거미속). 종의 사진 자료와 진단을 위한 그림이 제공된다.

코뿔애접시거미속 (Walckenaeria)의 3종, 내장애접시거미 (Walckenaeria chikunii), 북방애접시거미 (Walckenaeria furcillata), 계곡애접시거미 (Walckenaeria ichifusaensis), 를 한국미기록종으로 보고한다. 북방애접시거미 (W. furcillata)는 구북구에 널리 분포하고 있으나, 내장애접시거미 (W. chikunii)와 계곡애접시거미 (W. ichifusaensis)는 일본내의 모식산지에서만 알려져 있다. 사진과 진단형질의 그림을 첨부하였다.

Five erigonine spider species are described with illustrations: a new species, Saitonia pilosus n. sp., and four records new to the Korean spider fauna, Ceratinella brevis (Wider, 1834), Erigone atra Blackwall, 1833, Maso sundevalli (Westring, 1851), and Parasisis amurensis Eskov, 1984. The occurrences of four spider genera, Ceratinella Emerton, 1882, Maso Simon, 1884, Parasisis Eskov, 1984, and Saitonia Eskov, 1992, are also new to Korea.

We investigated the effects of cadmium exposure and various stress on the transcription of heat shock protein 70 and 82 (HSP70 and HSP82) from Pardosa astrigera wolf spider. To do this, P. astrigera HSP70 and HSP82 genes were cloned and its full-length sequence determined. Female spiders were long-term exposed to cadmium or to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) for 2, 4 and 6 weeks and short-term exposed to endosulfan by dietary uptake. Female spiders were also exposed to various temperatures. HSP82 did not show a clear tendency of transcription induction following exposure to cadmium. On the contrary, HSP70 transcription gradually increased during the exposure to 2, 20 and 40 mM of cadmium for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Transcript level of HSP70 was not significantly changed by endosulfan and PCB exposure. In the short-term (3 hr) temperature exposure, an increased expression of HSP70 was observed under the heat shock to 30°C and then slightly decreased at 35°C. However, induction of HSP70 transcription was not observed during the long-term (7 days) temperature exposure. Taken together, HSP70 gene appears to be up-regulated by cadmium in a time-dependent manner but little affected by other potential contaminants. Analysis of HSP70 transcript levels in P. astrigera collected from various fields revealed that levels of cadmium concentration were well correlated with HSP70 transcript levels (r2 = 0.76). Taken together, it was suggested that transcript level of HSP70 could be useful as a biomarker for the long-term cadmium exposure of P. astrigera.

The giant crab spider genus Sinopoda in Korea is reviewed with detailed illustrations of male palpal organs. Three species, S. forcipata, S. stellatops, S. koreana are recognized with newly collected specimens. The first species is recorded newly in Korea

Members of Sparassidae of Araneae are small to large sized (3-25mm) huntsman spiders (Jäger 1999). In Korea, there have been recorded 5 species, Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, 1767), Micrommata virescens (Clerck, 1757), Sinopoda koreana (Paik, 1968), Sinopoda stellatops Jäger & Ono, 2002 and Thelcticopis severa (L.Koch, 1875), belonging to 3 genera (Paik, 1968, 1978, Namkung, 2002, 2003, You and Kim, 2002). In the course of survey for the spider fauna of Mt. Sobaek (1,439m elevation) located in Punggi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do during 2007 to 2008, one of the 16 National Parks in Korea, 2 matured females of Sinopoda forcipata (Karsch,1881) which has been known to distribute in China and Japan were collected by pitfall traps. S.forcipata is a newly recorded species for the Korean spider fauna. Female of S.forcipata was described with some natural history including vertical distribution at mountain and seasonal fluctuation, and compared distribution and habitat of 3 Korean Sinopoda species referring former reports from Korea.