The sun-dried, refined, and processed salt (roasted and bamboo salt) manufactured in Chonbuk province were analyzed their chemical compositions and minerals including heavy metals for safety evaluation. Average content of each eomponent as the lowest and the highest were as follows-pH; 6.80 (refined) to 10.35 (bamboo), water content; 0.13% (bamboo) to 10.7% (sun-dried), sodium chloride; 96.6% (roasted) to 84.3% (sun-dried), 504; 0.59% (bamboo) to 3.0% (sun-dried), water insoluble matters; 0.001% (refined) to 1.98% (bamboo), acid inoluble matters; $lt;0.001% (refined) to 0.21% (bamboo), calcium; 0.038% (refined) to 0.213% (sun-dried), magnesium; 0.111% (refined) to 1.078% (sun-dried), lead; 0.45 ppm (refined) to 1.15 ppm (bamboo). Cadminium, arsenic and mercury were not detected in all salt. As the analytical results, all salts were differtent in their chemical compositions and safe in view of heavy metals.

The effect of ripening temperature, pH and salinity on the formation of N-nitrosamine (NA) during Kimchi fermentation and in vitro was studied, respectively. During Kimchi fermentation for six weeks at cold storage temperature (4℃) and room temperature (16 ±2℃), the contents of nitrite and dimethylamine (DMA) showed variation at room temperature but no variation at cold storage temperature. The maximum generation of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) resulted low content (2.69 ug/kg) at cold storage temperature but started to increase after one week fermentation and reached to the 18-fold higher generation (49.6 ug/kg) at room temperature. During Kimchi fermentation, no correlation was observed between the variation of nitrite and DMA content and the generation of NDMA. However, pH showed effective relation to NDMA generation such as the highest NDMA generation was obtained at lowest pH 4. During in vitro test, higher temperature and lower pH resulted more NDMA generation and generation amount was affected more by pH. Also, the salinity of Kimchi provided inhibitory effects on the formation of NDMA. NDMA was produced 5.86 ug/kg at normal salinity (2.5%) but 90.9 ug/kg at lower salinity (15%) after three week. The higher salinity showed lower formation of NDMA in vitro test, too.

Bamboo salt has been used as a traditional remedy for gastric ulcer and gastro-intestinal disorders. It is produced by baking the salt packed in bamboo cylinder nine times under the fire of pine tree. Three of commercially available bamboo salt products (bamboo salt A, B, and C) were characterized by qualitative and quantitative analyses using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer, ion chromatograph (IC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and electron microscope (EM). Compared with crude salt, the contents of iron, silicon, potassium, and phosphate in the bamboo salt products were higher whereas the sulfate content was lower. Water-insoluble fraction of bamboo salts contained the following compounds; MgO, SiO₂, Mg₂SiO₄, and CaMgSiO₄. The study on the microscopic structures of the bamboo salts were shown to have smooth surface and fused shape compared with crude salt. Among the three bamboo salt products, product A was used to test a possible inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion. Each test material (bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl) was given orally to Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg for 28 days before pyrolus ligation. Twenty four hours after the last administration of the test materials, volume, pH, total acidity, and pepsin activity of gastric juice were measured by the Shay-ligation method. No significant differences were observed in the secretion of gastric acid between treated groups (bamboo salt-, crude salt- and reagent-grade NaCl-treated groups) and control group (distilled water-treated group). This result demonstrated that bamboo salt did not exert anti-ulcer activities in experimental animals used in the present study.

용융탄산염 연료전지는 650˚C의 부식성이 강한 용융탄산염내에서 작동되므로, 분리판 재료로 사용되고 있는 316L 스테인레스강의 부식은 용융탄산염 연료전지의 수명을 단축시키는 주요한 원인이다. 특히 분리판 wet-seal부의 부식은 보다 심각한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 AI계 합금이 피복재료로 사용되어 왔지만, 본 연구에서는 보다 우수한 분리판 wet-seal부의 내식 피복재료 개발을 위하여 피복재료인 NiAI 합금에 산화 활성화 원소인 yttrium을 최고 1.5 at%까지 첨가하였다. 650˚C의 용융탄산염내에서 yttium 함량에 따른 NiAI/Y 합금의 침지부식실험 및 분극실험을 통하여 내식성을 평가하고 부식 억제를 위해 가장 적절한 NiAI/Y 피복 재료의조성을 결정한 결과 최소의 yttrium 조성은 0.7 at% 임을 알 수 있었다.

In this study, sensitizing dye was prepared by the reaction of 2-methyl-3-sulfopropyl-4,5-naphthothiazolium(inner salt) with triethyl orthobenzoate in the presence of triethylamine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, 1H-NMR spectrometer, TGA and DSC. Therefore, it was concluded that 9-phenyl-3,3'-bis(3-sulfopropyl)-4,5,4',5'-naphthothiazolo carbocyanine triethyl ammonium salt can be used as red-sensitizing dye for the spectral sensitization of photographic emulsion.

지하 방사성 폐기물 저장소의 오핸기간동안의 거동은 지반의 파괴와 변형에 영향과 암염의 비선형변형의 예 측은 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 암염의 비선형파괴 메커니즘과 비선형 연속체거동의 유한요소모 델 을 개발하였다.

In this study the calcined condition and characteristic of Cu-Ni-Zn ferrite powder were investigated. The Cu-Ni-Zn ferrite powder has been synthesized by the thermal decomposition of the organic acid salt. This process did not require a strict pH control and provided the uniform composition and fine powder with about 0.3 . The XRD diffraction pattern of this powder showed about 50% spinel phase. The optimum calcination was found to be done at for one hour. After the calcination, the amount of spinel increased to 90%. The distribution of the particle size showed bimodal peaks, one was about 0.5 and the other was about 20 . The large particles of 20 were the agglomeration of fine Particles. The mean Particle size of the powder was about 0.4 . The powder was compacted under 100 MPa pressure and sintered at 1100~ for one hour in air. The density of ferrites specimen was a function of the sintering temperature. The higher the temperature, the denser the ferrite. The maximum relative density of the sintered ferrite was about 93% at . The grain size of sintered specimen at was 5 and homogeneous.

역삼투 공정을 농축공정에 이용하기 위해 향류식 역삼투 나권형 모듈을 고안, 제작하여 염수의 농축실험을 수행하였다. 역삼투 분리의 배제도와 농축도의 관계를 고찰한 결과, 배제유량에 대한 투과유량의 비가 양쪽 관계의 중요한 매개 변수이며, 반사계수 값에 따라, 역삼투막의 배제도와 농축도가 Spiegler-Kedem 식의 경향을 따른다. 향류식 역삼투 공정은 일반 역삼투 농축 공정에 비해 농축의 장애 요소인 삼투압차를 효과적으로 저하시키는 효과가 있으며 농축도가 상대적으로 우수하였다. 향류식 나권형 모듈의 수치모사 결과 농축공정의 농축도 증가를 위해서는 모듈의 지름보다 모듈의 길이를 늘리는 것이 유리함을 알 수 있었다.

김치발효 중 일어나는 조직감의 변화에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 규명하기 위하여 조직경화제로서 CaCl2, 숙성지연제로서 K-sorbate, 숙성촉진제로서 새우젓 및 멸치젓의 첨가효과와 이들 시료의 데침효과를 조사하였다. pH와 산도 및 환원당의 변화양상을 보면 새우젓 및 멸치젓 첨가구가 숙성촉진 효과를, K-sorbate, CaCl2, 데침처리 등이 숙성지연효과를 뚜렷이 나타내었다. K-sorbate, CaCl2 및 데침처리에 의하여 발효중 김치배추의 절단강도 감소속도가 지연되었으며 압착력, 회복높이, work ratio의 감소속도도 지연되었으나 젓갈첨가는 이를 촉진시켰다. 이러한 결과는 관능검사에서 젓갈첨가구가 굳은 정도, 아삭아삭한 정도, 질긴 정도, 뻣뻣한 정도가 크게 낮아지는 반면, 보존료 첨가나 데침으로 이들 값이 증가하는 것과 일치하였다. pH, 산도, 배추잎의 절단두께, 절단력, 압착력, 회복높이, work ratio 등 기계적 측정치들은 신맛, 조직감, 외관의 기호도와 굳은 정도, 아삭한 정도, 질긴 정도, 뻣뻣한 정도 등의 조직감 특성과 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 특히, 김치의 pH는 김치의 신맛, 외관, 질긴 정도, 굳은 정도, 뻣뻣한 정도, 아삭아삭한 정도와 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다.

In order to survey the traditional salt production at the eastern coast, Young-Hae, in Yi-dynasty, data of salt production were collected through interviewing with whom had received the skill from ancestors and analyzed the data. The results obtained were as follows. Salt-producer take the salt water containing much salt and then he transported the salt-water by having water buckets an back in with using the water-toting device (Mul ji ge). Finally he carried out the irrigation (Mul dae gi) to a ditch (Dorang). It is noteworthy that the East-sea salt production method was not selecting a method of salt-pond style with a bank for salt production but using the salt water transportation fashion without a bank for that. Judging from these facts, we could conclude that traditional salt production method was handed down into the Yi-dynasty from ancient times.

This study investigated the effect of vegetation mat on plant growth and salt reduction in the soil treated with high concentration deicing salt. In order to measure soil chemical characteristics and plant growth, three native groundcover plants (Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum, Dendranthema boreale, and Kalimeris yomena) were grown in each of the three plastic containers (50.0 cm width × 35.0 cm length × 8.5 cm deep) with a high concentration treatment of calcium chloride deicing salt. There were two treatments: control, and BVM that combines B (blanket) and VM (vegetation mat). 1,600 g of soil was placed on the top of the drainage layer with 290 g of perlite, 100 seeds each of the three native plants with three repetitions were sowed, and 10 g/L of calcium chloride deicing salt was added in the treatment. As a result of the chemical properties of soil, soil in control treatment was acidic and soil electrical conductivity in BVM was the lowest. Also, exchangeable cations (K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Mg2+) in soil and all the three plants were significantly decreased in the BVM treatment. Meanwhile, the germination rate of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum was the highest under high concentration deicing salt in compared to the two plants. Overall, three native groundcover plant growth was higher in the BVM than control treatment significantly. These results suggest that the treatment of blanket vegetation mat has a positive effect on soil and plant growth in soil damaged by deicing salt.

This research was carried out to investigate seed germination and growth of the perennial plant Apocynum lancifolium under different NaCl concentrations, with a view for future cultivation on reclaimed land. Initial characterization revealed that the average length and weight of A. lancifolium seed pods was 133.6 mm and 0.23 g, respectively, and the thousand-grain weight was 0.59 g. Upon examining the effects of light on seed germination, we found germination to be 1.7% higher under light conditions (90%) than under dark conditions (88.3%). In terms of the response to salt stress, we found that 90% of seeds germinated in the 0.00%, 0.25%, and 0.50% salt treatment groups. Although salt treatment up to a concentration of 0.5% was found to have little effect on seed germination, the rate of germination decreased at higher concentrations and was completely inhibited in the 2% treatment. We also established that germination rates were higher in seeds sown in horticultural topsoil than in the coarse sandy soil found in the plant’s natural habitats. Although the growth of A. lancifolium tends to decrease with an increase in salt concentration, we found that the stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight of A. lancifolium seedlings subjected to 0.25%–1.0% salt were comparable to those of the control seedling that were not exposed to salt. Furthermore, in contrast to those plants subjected to 2.0% salt, these plants continued to grow and remained viable.