새로운 고부가가치의 구기자 품종을 개발하기 위하여 구기자 표준 품종들과 이들의 교배종들의 순과 잎, 열매와 뿌리등의 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물을 제조한 후 심혈관 질환 예방생리기능성과 노화억제 항산화 활성을 조사하여 비교하였다. 구기자 표준품종들의 생리기능성 가운데, 항산화 활성은 청운품종의 구기순의 메탄올 추출물이 93%로 가장 높았고 항고혈압성 안지오텐신 전환효소 저해활성은 청양7호의 지골피의 물 추출물에서 84.1%로 제일 높았다. 구기자 교배종의 생리 기능성중 항산화 활성은 명안A-2의 지골피의 메탄올 추출물이 93.1%로 제일 높았고 ACE저해활성은 DO148-72 (A11) 교배종 열매의 메탄올 추출물이 96.9%로 제일 높았다. 그러나 혈전용해활성과 HMG-CoA reductase 저해활성은 표준품종과 교배종 모두에서 대체로 미약하거나 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하였을 때 청운 표준품종의 구기순과 명안A-2 교배종의 지골피가 우수한 항산화 자원으로, DO148-72 (A11)교배종의 구기열매가 훌륭한 항고혈압성 ACE저해제 자원으로 각각 기능성 제품생산에 유용하게 활용될것으로 사료된다.

Notwehr und Notstand als Rechtfertigungsgrund verlangen Gegenwärtigkeit, Interressenabwägung und Erfordernis. In der Regel, die Gegenwärtigkeit des Angriffs daß eine zeitliche Eingenzung der Notwehrlage vergelangt wird, stimmt mit diesen Notstand. Vom Standpunkt der Defensivnotstand, wenn Präventive Notwehr anwenden soll, es kommt in Frage daß eine zeitliche Eingernzung zu weiter wird. Aber die zeitliche Eingrenzung der Notwehrlage soll unter dem Einfluß von den Existenz des Angreffs. Die akute Bedrohung der Rechtsgüter des Angegriffenen liegt nicht nur einem laufenden Angriff vor, sondern auch im davorliegenden und im darauffolgenden Stadium. Wenn durch Strafgewalt Staat die Rechtbewährung nicht beschützen kann, in diesem Moment die Gegenwärtigkeit in Notwehrlage soll anerkannt werden. Das folgt aus der ratio des rechtfertigenden Notstands, der nicht auf dem Prinzip des maximalen Gesamtnutzens, sondern auf dem der Solidarität beruht. So die Verletzung eines abstrakt höherwertigen Rechtsguts kann also zum Zweck des Schutzes eines geringerwertigen, dem im konkreten Fall eine erheblich intensivere Verletzung droht, gerechtfertigt sein. Das soll nicht nur Aggressiver Notstand sondern auch Defensivnotstand angewendet werden. Um es kurz zu sagen, Gegenwärtigkeit in Notwehrlage soll sowohl zeitliche Umstand als auch situationliche Umstand in ferner Zukunft begewert werden.

본 논문에서는 게임의 긍정적인 효과와 부정적인 효과에 대하여 알아보고, 최근 게임의 묘미와 교육적 효과를 동시에 강조하는 에듀테인먼트 인터넷 게임의 경향에 대하여 살펴본다. 그런데 기존의 교육용 게임들은 그 흥미도가 낮아 잘 사용하지 않으려는 경향이 있는 반면 시뮬레이션 게임이나 롤플레잉게임 등 흥미위주의 게임은 그 중독성이 매우 강하므로, 컴퓨터 에서 게임사용을 제한하고 유익한 목적의 컴퓨터사용을 활성화 할 필요가 있다. 따라서, 교육용 컨텐츠를 활성화하고 게임중독을 치료하기 위한 동적 컴퓨터 사용시간 제어시스템 (dynamic computer using-time control system)의 모델을 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 방법은 기존의 정량적인 컴퓨터 사용시간 제한 프로그램과는 달리 사용자의 교육용 프로그램이나 교육용 컨텐츠의 사용에 비례해서 컴퓨터 사용시간을 증가시키는 동적 제어시스템으로 사용자가 자발적으로 교육용 프로그램이나 교육용 컨텐츠를 이용하도록 유도한다.

이 연구는 항만교통정보센터의 시스템 확충 및 연안 선박교통관리제도의 도입에는 많은 비용이 소요되기 때문에 비용과 편익을 비교하여 타당성을 조사하고자 한다. 따라서 비용과 편익을 분석하는데 중요한 기초자료가 되는 사고예방효과를 추정하고자 한다. 추정의 방법은 거제해역에서 발생한 해양사고를 분석하여 원인요소를 도출한 후 이를 설문문항으로 구성하여 항만교통정보센터의 운영요원을 대상으로 설문을 실시한다. 연안 선박교통관리제도의 도입에 의한 사고예방효과는 충돌사고에서 55.572%, 좌초사고에서 51.667%로 추정되었다. 또한 인적요소와 환경요소에 의한 효과는 높지만 기술적 요소에 의한 효과는 미미한 것으로 분석되었다.

The preventive effects of sodium molybdate on the acute toxicity of lead were studied by investigating tissue accumulation of lead, changes of nerve conduction velocity and concentrations of metabolites related to function of sciatic nerve in rats treated with lead, sodium molybdate and both, respectively. In lead-intoxicated rat, the conduction velocity, myo-inositol concentration and Na+/K+ ATPase activity of sciatic nerve were decreased by about 33 %, 48 % and 58 %, respectively. However, sodium molybdate treatment significantly normalized the conduction velocity, Na+/K+ ATPase activity and myo-inositol concentration of sciatic nerve in lead-intoxicated rat. Also, sodium molybdate treatment decreased the contents of lead in blood and sciatic nerve through promotion of urinary excretion of lead. But sodium molybdate treatment did not affect the glucose concentration in sciatic nerve. These results suggest that sodium molybdate prevented peripheral neuropathy not only by reducing lead contents in sciatic nerve and blood, but also by enhancing Na+/K+ ATPase activity in sciatic nerve.

This study was to assess Korean sailors' knowldege, attitudes and behaviors about AIDS. The subjects of this study were 379 safety-trainee sailors. Data were collected by self reporting on a questionnaire during February to March 1996. The results were as follows : The mean score on AIDS knowledge was 17.3 out of a possible maximum score of 24.0. With respect to diseas transmission , only 45.6-86.5percent of the sailors correctly indicated that causal contact does not lead to contraction AIDS. The younger, unmarried , and educated groups had a higher level of knowledge about AIDS. With respect t sailors' attitudes about ADIS, 85.2 percent of the sailors reported that the AIDS is as big a problem as the media suggested, and over half of the sailors(53.8%) reported that they are being afraid of getting AIDS. One attitude, which was most pervasive(903.1 percent agreeing) was that it is important for sailors to receive AIDS education as a part of social education classes. In attitudes , there was statistical significance by age group, marital statistical signifiacance by age group , marital status, and educational level. With respect to sailor's preventive behaviors about AIDS, the mean score was 7.1 out of a possible maximum score of 9.0. It was shown that the older age, married groups had a higher level of preventive behaviors about AIDS.

The economy of Korea has grown up significantly in its scale. It has, therefore, become imperative to develop countermeasures to prevent work related injuries and occupational illnesses resultining from haza-rdous working conditions and handling harmful substances. A lot of cargo handling accident in port have occurred due to the characteristics of poor working environment, diversity of working place and method, fluctuation of the amount of cargo and handling of heavy, long, harmful and dangerous cargo, etc. According to '91 industrial accident analysis carried out by the ministry of labour, the number of the stevedores injured by cargo handling accident in port were 1, 432 persons (the death accident : 22 per-sons), the amount of industrial accident compensation in port was 6.7 billion won (the amount of economic loss : 33.6 billion won), and the injury occurance rate of the stevedoring industry was higher than that of the whole industry. This paper, therefore, aims to the actual status of the stevedoring industry and to extract the main cau-ses of the accidents related to cargo handling in port through factor analysis using the data of the accide-nts in the whole habour from 1990 to 1992, and to suggest the countermeasures to prevent such accident. The main causes of the accident and countermeasures are found to be as follows through the factor analy-sis : Factor1, factor2, and factor3 related to a defect of human being and management, a defect of state and environment, and an insufficiency of education and law are extracted. The short-term countermeasures to prevent these accidents are 1) to consolidate the safety and health organization in the working spot, 2) to secure a safe condition in working spot before dock work, 3) to strengthen a dock worker's safety educa-tion. The long-term countermeasures are 1) to promote a decasualisation of dock workers, 2) to modernize the cargo working methods through constructing exclusive pier and introducing exclusive cargo handling equipment, 3) to establish a exclusive dock accident prevention organization and the dock workers law. Factor 4, factor5, factor6, and factor7 related to an unfitness, a deficiency of technical knowledge, a nonfu-lfilment of safety measures, and a bad arrangement are extracted. The countermeasures to prevent these accidents are 1) to perform a complete safety inspection of cargo handling equipments and tools and to carry out the dock work according to a working plan, 2) to publish and supply technical safety books, safety instruction book, safety check list, etc., 3) to strengthen the safety patrol at the working spot in habour and to activate a safety fund, 4) to maintain always a clean workshop with the safety consciousness in which the good arragement of the working spot is considered to be the beginning of safety.

There are more damages from collision at sea because of the multiple reasons of sea conditions. For the purpose of avoiding collision at sea, Internaitonal Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea, 1972 as an international convention is in force having the nature of international navigating law. According to the nature of the convention and the principle of legislation of the convention, not only it has the preventing nature on collision but it is a basic rules to make clear the faults of collision between vessels by the admiralty court in the developed maritime countries. Since there is no so much case law on it in this country and not to fixed the legal theory to define the faults of collision in civil law as per the above convention, the further study of the civil liability on collision based upon the above convention shall be recognized in the principle of fair of the civil law.