We evaluated structural performance of Frame for uniformly distributed load to micro piles which was arranged in a line. We predicted behavior and load distribution with Abaqus which is general finite analysis program. And Structrual experiment was conducted using full scale test model.

The purpose of this study is to deliberate on design application for a structure of beam with partially restrained composite connection to CFT column. It was intended to apply an economic and stable component by adjusting stiffness ratio of column connection through partially restrained composite connection. As a result of the review of stability of the structure, it was confirmed that in case of a low-rise building as a moment frame, it could be resisted without brace, as stiffness was increased when taking advantage of partial restrained composite connection by composite action.

This study aimed at construction of text and graphic database for moment-rotation curves of partially restrained composite beam-to-column connections. key words The M-θ data or figures under monotonic or cyclic tests are made as text files. Also, Eurocode 3 classification is added to the M-θ curve to verify as semi-rigid connections. For structural analysis, linear rotational stiffeness or nonlinear M-θ curves are transformed three-parameter power model. Although this database has some limitation, it will be used for further PRCC researches and tests.

The object of this study is to develop a computer program that can help practical engineers to calculate sectional modulus and plastic moments of full composite girders with deck plates under positive and negative bending moments. The sectional modulus are equivalent moments of inertia for elastic analysis and plastic section modulus for plastic analysis. Results of Hwang's research are used to verify this developed program. AIK, KBC 2005 and 2009 are used to define effective widths of RC slab and to calculate positive plastic moments. For calculating negative plastic moments, this study proposed stress blocks and their equations. The developed program will be added about partial shear interactions and deflections of composite girders and finally proposed as GUI environment.

Concrete filled FRP tubes (CFFT) and reinforced concrete filled FRP tubes (RCFFT) are known to have the capability to enhance structural performance in terms of structural stability, ductility, as well as chemical resistance when compared with conventional concrete members. In this study, we evaluate the structural performance of the CFFT and the RCFFT through flexural tests for the purpose of applying the members as flexural ones. The degree of improvement on the flexural performance of the RCFFT member strengthened by the FRP was analyzed from the flexural tests.

New type of 5-fluorobenzimidazole derivatives was synthesized through the reaction of 4-fluoro-5-(2,6-dimethylmorpholinyl)-2-aminoaniline with 5-nitro-2-furoic acid and 5-methoxy-3-chlorobenzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid in presence of PPA and treatment of OH-. the resulting substituted 5-fluorobenzimidazole derivatives(6), (7) was characterized by high solubility in common polar organic solvents. We considered 5-fluorobenzimidazole derivatives were useful especially for antifungal drugs. These results are discussed from the viewpoints of the chemical and physical structures of the 5-fluorobenzimidazole derivatives.

In this study, we experimented that how influence chain extension to waterborne urethane-epoxy hybrid resin for leather garment coatings. First of all, We had analyzed datas by FT-IR, SEM and machanical properties. By instruments analysis measurement we confirmed that synthesis of epoxy and hybrid resin. In this experiment we knew that polyurethane-epoxy hybrid resin have 5 grades of solvent resistance. Tensile strength measured in the polyurethane-epoxy resin(EDA 5.37g, 2.386 kgf/mm2) had the most strong strength.. Also polyurethane-epoxy hybrid resin had better result(EDA 5.37g. 37.4 mg. loss) than other hybrid resins. As hight proportion of EDA in hybid resin, we obtained low elongation and low flexibility. In this result, chain extension of waterborne polyurethane-epoxy hybrid resin showed that how effect in leather coating by ratio of EDA.

For the synthesis of water soluble acrylic modified epoxyester resin, fatty acid/epoxy ratio of 50/50 was used, and introduced maleic anhydride. Ratio of styrene/acrylic acid of acrylic monomers was fixed 85/15 and ratio of epoxyester/acrylic monomer was controlled 80/20, 75/25, 70/30, 65/35, and degree of neutralization were changed 65%, 80%, to 100%. As a result, 40% solids acrylic modified epoxyester resins were synthesized. Resins were evaluated water soluble stability, drying time, water resistant, storage stability and physical properties. And the white paints were prepared, and were evaluated viscosity, drying time, water resistance, adhesion, sagging, spray workability, gloss, salt spray resistance, skinning, whiteness and flash rust. As a result, the degree of neutralization of 100% and the ratio of epoxyester/acrylic monomer of 75/25 showed the best properties.

이 논문에서는, CFT 감재-콘크리트 합성말뚝과 FRP를 원주방향으로 보강한 FRP-콘크리트 합성말뚝 (CFFT)과 관련 하여 발생하는 문제점들을 완하시키기 위해 새롭게 제안된 콘크리트 채움 원형 FRP 말뚝 (HCFFT)의 구조적 거동 에 대한 실험적 연구결과를 발표하였다. 연구를 통해 기존의 CFT와 CFFT 말뚝과 비교하여 새로 제안한 HCFFT 말 뚝이 말뚝 기초의 시공에서 축하중과 휨모멘트를 포함하는 상부하중을 지반에 효과적으로 전달할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

정확한 칼라 영상을 구현하기 위해서는 파장에 따른 빛의 투과 및 합성에 관한 정량적인 이해가 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 크기가 100×100 mm2이고 두께가 0.3 mm 인 적, 녹, 청 세 종류의 셀로판 필터에 백색광을 투과시키고 CCD 어레이센서를 이용하여 빛의 파장에 따른 투과율을 각각 측정하였다. 그리고 여러 겹의 필터를 거친 빛의 투과율 변화와 광원을 두 개의 광으로 분리시켜 각각 다른 필터를 거친 빛을 다시 모아 합성된 빛의 투과율을 측정하였다. 그 결과 측정값과 계산값과의 차이는 특정 영역을 제외하고는 3% 이하로 나타났다.

Si Nanowire (NW) field effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated on hard Si and flexible polyimide (PI) substrates, and their electrical characteristics were compared. Si NWs used as channels were synthesized by electroless etching method at low temperature, and these NWs were refined using a centrifugation method to get the NWs to have an optimal diameter and length for FETs. The gate insulator was poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP), prepared using a spin-coating method on the PI substrate. Gold was used as electrodes whose gap was 8 μm. These gold electrodes were deposited using a thermal evaporator. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the device were measured using a semiconductor analyzer, HP-4145B. The electrical properties of the device were characterized through hole mobility, Ion/Ioff ratio and threshold voltage. The results showed that the electrical properties of the TFTs on PVP were similar to those of TFTs on SiO2. The bending durability of SiNWs TFTs on PI substrate was also studied with increasing bending times. The results showed that the electrical properties were maintained until the sample was folded about 500 times. But, after more than 1000 bending tests, drain current showed a rapid decrease due to the defects caused by the roughness of the surface of the Si NWs and mismatches of the Si NWs with electrodes.

As a growth-template of ZnO nanorods (NR), a hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheet (NS) was synthesized with the low temperature hydrothermal process and its microstructure was investigated using a high resolution scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate was hydrolyzed by hexamethylenetetramine with the same mole ratio and various temperatures, growth times and total concentrations. The optimum hydrothermal processing condition for the best crystallinity of hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 NS was determined to be with 3.5 mM at 95˚C for 2 h. The prepared Ni(OH)2 NSs were two dimensionally arrayed on a substrate using an air-water interface tapping method, and the quality of the array was evaluated using an X-ray diffractometer. Because of the similarity of the lattice parameter of the (0001) plane between ZnO (wurzite a = 0.325 nm, c = 0.521 nm) and hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 (brucite a = 0.313 nm, c = 0.461 nm) on the synthesized hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 NS, ZnO NRs were successfully grown without seeds. At 35 mM of divalent Zn ion, the entire hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 NSs were covered with ZnO NRs, and this result implies the possibility that ZnO NR can be grown epitaxially on hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 NS by a soluble process. After the thermal annealing process, β-Ni(OH)2 changed into NiO, which has the property of a p-type semiconductor, and then ZnO and NiO formed a p-n junction for a large area light emitting diode.

Nano-technology is a super microscopic technology to deal with structures of 100 nm or smaller. This technology also involves the developing of TiO2 materials or TiO2 devices within that size. The aim of the present paper is to synthesize WOx doped nano-TiO2 by the Sonochemistry method and to evaluate the effect of different percentages (0.5-5 wt%) of tungsten oxide load on TiO2 in methylene blue (MB) elimination. The samples were characterized using such different techniques as X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, SEM, and UV-VIS absorption spectra. The photo-catalytic activity of tungsten oxide doped TiO2 was evaluated through the elimination of methylene blue using UV-irradiation (315-400nm). The best result was found with 5 wt% WOx doped TiO2. It has been confirmed that WOx-TiO2 could be excited by visible light (E<3.2 eV) and that the recombination rate of electrons/holes in WOx-TiO2 declined due to the existence of WOx doped in TiO2.

nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction of metallic Y with aqueous solution of LiOH. The morphology and the size of the nanowires changed with varying the volume of the LiOH solution inside the autoclave. nanowires transformed to by a subsequent heat-treatment without morphological change. By a proper control of hydrothermal reaction parameter and heat-treatment, the yield of pure nanowires up to 97% was attained.

LAS-system ceramic powder, spodumene (), was successfully synthesized by a chemical solution technique employing PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) as an organic carrier. The PVA content affected the microstructure of porous precursor gels and the crystalline development. The optimum PVA content contributed to homogeneous distribution of metal ions in the precursor gel and it resulted in the synthesis of glass free -spodumene powder having a specific surface area of . The agglomerated -spodumene powders were also enough soft to grind to fine powders by a simple ball milling process. The microstructures of the densified powder compacts were strongly dependant on the minor phases of spodumene solid solution and amount of liquid phase, which were formed from the inhomogeneous precursors.

La doped CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 powders are prepared by sol-gel method with aluminum isopropoxide and primarydistilled water as precursor and solvent. In this synthesized process, the obtained metal oxides caused the precursor such ascopper (II) nitrate hydrate and zinc (II) nitrate hexahydrate were added. To improve the surface areas of La doped CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 powder, sorbitan (z)-mono-9-octadecenoate (Span 80) was added. The synthesized powder was calcined at varioustemperatures. The dopant was found to affect the surface area and particle size of the mixed oxide, in conjunction with thecalcined temperature. The structural analysis and textual properties of the synthesized powder were measured with an X-rayDiffractometer (XRD), a Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Bruner-Emmett-Teller surface analysis (BET),Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal analysis (TG/DTA), 27Al solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and transforminfrared microspectroscopy (FT-IR). An increase of surface area with Span 80 was observed on La doped CuO-ZnO-Al2O3powders from 25m2/g to 41m2/g.

One of the greatest challenges for our society is providing powerful electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells are among the most promising candidates in terms of energy and power density. As the starting material, TiCl4·YCl3 solution and dispersing agent (HCP) were mixed and synthesized using ammonia as the precipitation agent, in order to prepare the nano size Y doped spherical TiO2 precursor. Then, the Li4Ti5O12 was synthesized using solid state reaction method through the stoichiometric mixture of Y doped spherical TiO2 precursor and LiOH. The Ti mole increased the concentration of the spherical particle size due to the addition of HPC with a similar particle size distribution in a well in which Li4Ti5O12 spherical particles could be obtained. The optimal synthesis conditions and the molar ratio of the Ti 0.05 mol reaction at 50˚C for 30 minutes and at 850˚C for 6 hours heat treatment time were optimized. Li4Ti5O12 was prepared by the above conditions as a working electrode after generating the Coin cell; then, electrochemical properties were evaluated when the voltage range of 1.5V was flat, the initial capacity was 141 mAh/g, and cycle retention rate was 86%; also, redox reactions between 1.5 and 1.7V, which arose from the insertion and deintercalation of 0.005 mole of Y doping is not a case of doping because the C-rate characteristics were significantly better.

We developed functional synthetic lubricant for internal combustion engine oil, which would improve engine oil performance for internal combustion engine and extend engine life. We made base oil by synthesizing nonanoic acid, 1.1.1-trimethylol propane (which has good bio-degradability) and pentaerythrytol ester. We synthesized catalyst using p-toluene sulfonic acid 0.15 wt% and coloring-prevention agent hypo-phosphorus acid 0.18 wt% at 180-190℃. Reaction temperature was increased at the rate of 10℃ for every 1 hour. When acid value reached below 3, reaction was completed. After cooling and deoxidization, we washed it by distilled water two times. After dehydration and filtering, we obtained trimethylol propane tripelargonate (TMTP) and pentaerythrytol tetrapelargonate (PETP) at yields of 96 % and 98 % respectively.

In this study, 2-(Nitroimino)imidazoline was prepared by the reaction of nitroguanidine with ethylenediamine in the presence of water at 65℃. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as melting point, elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, mass spectrometer and TLC. This compound can be used as intermediate for prepareing pesticide-imidacloprid packing and cosmetics preservative.

Polyurethane adhesive is used in various fields as flexible packaging materials including a food packaging field. Therefore, the purpose of this study is synthesis of polyurethane adhesive which uses aliphatic isocyanate, and compares with aromatic isocyanate. The isocyanates for this test are toluene-2,4-diisocyanate(TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI), 4,4-dicyclohexyl ethane diisocyanate(H12MDI), and isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI). And, the effect of any other diisocyanate are evaluated by several methods as for curing rate test, accelerate weathering test, and peel strength test. The polyurethane adhesive using curing catalyst and HDI has adhesion strength of about 560 g/15 mm between aluminium foil and nylon, about 1,520 g/15 mm between nylon and CPP. Those parameters are similar to polyurethane adhesive with TDI. Also, in case of curing rate, those are similar to TDI type polyurethane adhesive. Moreover, data of δE as color variation by QUV tester is equal to 4.12, as 48% against those of TDI type.