Core/shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized by a microfluidic reactor-assisted continuous reactor system. Photoluminescence and absorbance of synthesized CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs are investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometry and online UV-Vis spectrometry. Three reaction conditions, namely; the shell coating reaction temperature, the shell coating reaction time, and the ZnS/CdSe precursor volume ratio, are combined in the synthesis process. The quantum yield of the synthesized CdSe QDs is determined for each condition. CdSe/ZnS QDs with a higher quantum yield are obtained compared to the discontinuous microfluidic reactor synthesis system. The maximum quantum efficiency is 98.3% when the reaction temperature, reaction time, and ZnS/CdSe ratio are 270℃, 10 s, and 0.05, respectively. Obtained results indicate that a continuous synthesis of the Core/shell CdSe/ZnS QDs with a high quantum efficiency could be achieved by isolating the reaction from the external environment.

In recent decades, introduction of the alien plant pests into Korea was dramatically increased and the role of plant quarantine became more important than ever. At the same time, early detection of the introduced population of the alien pests is critical for protection of their spread. However, continuous monitoring for their distribution or spread has not been performed yet in Korea. Present monitoring systems in Korea is not unified but sectored according to three institutes. There are some limitations in managing human resources, executing budgets, and collecting information among them, resuling in delayed responses to the introduced alien pests. Our study focused on 1) constructing nation-wide continuous monitoring system, 2) developing a decision flow chart for evaluating risks, 3) performing the benefits and costs analysis. Continuous monitoring will clarify overall distribution of alien pests, support government’s quarantine negotiation, and enable early detection of alien pests. Furthermore, the system will provide scientific data management and early responses to invasion of alien pests.

본 연구에서는 이산화탄소 흡수/재생 공정에 효율적으로 적용할 수 있는 아미노산염 흡수제의 연속재생을 통해 재생효율을 확인하였다. 재생효율은 공정적용에 있어 경제성에 큰 영향을 끼치는 인자로, 보다 경제성 있는 이산화탄소 흡수/재생 공정 확립을 위해 연속재생 실험을 진행하였다. 실험에 사용한 아미노산염은 Potassium L-lysinate와 Potassium L-alaninate이며, 각 아미노산과 Potassium hydroxide(KOH)를 1:2 몰비로 혼합하여 사용하였다. 흡수제의 재생 효율을 확인하기 위해 두 물질에 이산화탄소를 충분히 흡수시킨 후 가열을 통해 이산화탄소 탈리실험을 진행하였다. 반응초기에는 L-alanine의 반응속도가 빠르게 이루어졌으나, 시간이 지남에 따라 흡수량이 보다 큰 L-lysine이 높은 농도의 이산화탄소를 배출하였다. 두 물질의 재생효율을 비교하였을 때, L-alanine은 47.26%, L-lysine 은 62.11%로 L-lysine이 더 높은 재생효율을 나타내었다. 흡수량 및 재생효율이 좋은 L-lysine을 이용한 연속재생 실험결과, 재생횟수가 증가함에 따라 재생효율이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Today, conventional CVT equipped vehicle controls engine torque and gear ratio by using engine torque map and shifting map. But this control process is difficult to optimize the fuel economy when the driving mode is changed arbitrary. In this study, I propose the real-time CVT control with considering the power loss of transmission system to improve vehicle fuel economy and drivability. The driving performance and fuel economy of the proposed control logic is analyzed by backward simulation and the validity of new control logic is verified.

In the painting process of automotive factory, color changeover cost is incurred every time the color of vehicle is changed. To solve this problem, automotive company usually uses storage space such as Selectivity Banks(SB) or Car Rescheduling Storage and carries out sequence planning so that vehicles of the same color are consecutive, which is called Car Resequencing Problem (CRP). So far, research works for CRP has focused on algorithms finding optimal or approximated optimal solutions under the condition that the number of vehicles is fixed in SB. However, these results cannot be directly applied to the actual automotive paint shops since they have continuous flows of cars into SB to be handled in a day. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient cyclic scheduling method that starts the painting process using the result of Accelerated Dynamic Programming (ADP) and then reapplies the ADP to the vehicles in SB for renewing the painting schedule whenever a certain number of vehicles is painted, represented as a threshold. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we performed a numerical experiment by designing system configurations, based onthe actual vehicle painting process, and proposed a good threshold that can reduce overall color changeover cost.

반 건조 소화 하수슬러지와 폐플라스틱을 혼합하여 파일롯 규모(85.3kg/hr)의 연속식 저온 (510℃~530℃) 열분해 실험을 하였다. 실험결과 열분해가스 발생량은 투입물 건량의 최대 68.3%, 발열 량은 40.9 MJ/Nm3 이었으며, 연속식 열분해에 따른 외기 유입율이 19.6%이었다. 오일은 투입물 건량 의 4.2%가 발생하였고, 저위발열량은 32.5 MJ/kg 이었으며 시설부식 등을 일으킬 수 있는 황과 염소의 함량이 각각 0.2% 이상이었다. 투입물 건량의 27.5%가 발생한 탄화물의 저위 발열량은 10.2 MJ/kg 이 었고, 용출시험 결과 지정폐기물에 해당하지 않았다. 열분해가스의 연소 배가스는 일산화탄소, 황산화물, 시안화수소 등의 배출농도가 특히 높았고, 다이옥신 (PCDDs/DFs)은 0.034 ng-TEQ/Sm3 로서 법적 기 준치 이내였다. 건조 배가스 응축으로 발생한 폐수는 수질오염물질 47개 항목 중 총질소, n-H 추출물질, 시안 등의 고농도 항목이 많아 전처리 후 하수처리장 등에서의 병합처리 방식을 고려할 필요가 있었다.

This study explores whether the use of exergames increases users' physical and exercise effects (i.e., perceived health, physical satisfaction, and perceived exercise effect). This study further explores how the perceived physical and exercise effects influences users' future intention to use. Utilizing both online and offline surveys, the results indicated that frequency of using exergames increased users' perceived health, physical satisfaction, and perceived exercise effect. The results also indicated that perceived exercise effects had a positive effect on users' future intention to use. The implication for future study are discussed..

온라인 상거래가 일상의 한 행위로 자리 잡은 요즈음 오프라인 채널과 온라인 채널 간의 간극이 점점 좁혀지고 있다. 즉, 종전에는 오프라인 상에서의 소비자 구매행위와 온라인상에서의 소비자 구매행위가 판이하게 달랐으나 온라인상에 서의 다양한 상거래가 보편화되면서 이제는 온라인상에서의 구매행위에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이뤄지고 있다. 그러나, 아직도 오프라인상에서의 신뢰가 온라인 구매행위에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구가 피상적인 수준에 머물러왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 연구의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 개인이 느끼는 뉴로티시즘 성향이 온라인상에서 사용자가 느끼는 불확실성, 거래비용, 그리고 만족 및 지속구매의도에 미치는 조절효과를 체계적으로 분석하고자 한다. 406부의 유효한 설문지를 토대로 분석한 결과, 사용자가 느끼는 거래비용은 온라인쇼핑 지속구매의도에 부의 효과를 미치고 있지만, 만족에는 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 사용자가 가지고 있는 뉴로티시즘 성향은 온라인쇼핑 지속구매의도와 그 영향 요인들 간의 모든 관계에서 유의한 조절효과를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Hematometra is defined as the accumulation of blood and blood clots in the uterus. An 8-month-old, intact female Poongsan dog presented with continuous severe hemorrhagic vulvar discharge and anemia. The initial diagnostic evaluation included abdominal ultrasonography, radiography, and physical and laboratory examinations. The electrolyte levels were low: Na ion levels were 128 mmol/L (reference range, 141 - 152 mmol/L), and Cl ion levels were 99 mmol/ L (reference range, 105 - 115 mmol/L). At presentation, the white blood cell count was 60.19 × 103/μL (reference range, 5.05 – 16.76 × 103/μL), packed cell volume was 11.8% (reference range, 37.3% - 61.7%), hemoglobin levels were 4.6 g/ dl (reference range, 13.1 - 20.5 g/dl), and platelet count was 48 × 103/μL (reference range, 148 - 484 × 103/μL). Based on the results of the complete blood count, the dog was given lactated Ringer’s solution and a whole blood transfusion. On abdominal ultrasonography, the left uterine horn was enlarged and filled with echogenic fluid. On laparotomy, the uterus was enlarged and showed an accumulation of blood and blood clots. The incised uterine horn revealed that the endometrium was filled with blood and blood clots and had a cystic appearance. Additionally, thick and yellowish pus had accumulated in the uterine cavity. Gross findings revealed a definitive diagnosis of cystic endometrial hyperplasia- pyometra complex with severe hemorrhage, termed hematometra. This case was the first report of severe hematometra in a young Poongsan dog.

본 연구는 공연예술분야에서 소비자에 대한 중요성이 계속 높아지고 있으며 소비자 를 극장으로 끌어들이는 전략 또한 점점 다양해지고 있는 시점에서 보다 적극적 인 대응을 위하여 특히 온라인 매체의 하나인 SNS를 공연예술 마케팅에 반영하는 연구의 필요성이 커지고 있다고 사료된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 점차 경제적 중요성과 비중이 커져 가고 있는 국내 공연예술 시장을 중심으로 SNS특성이 관람객에게 미치는 영향에 대한 실증 분석을 통해 마케팅전략을 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 공연예술 업 계의 효율적인 고객관리전략과 마케팅전략을 수립하기 위한 것으로 공연예술 관람객를 대 상으로 SNS특성에 대한 인식을 파악하고 관람자의 지속적 이용의도에 미치는 영향관계를 파악하고자 하며, 또한 SNS특성이 관람객의 태도와 몰입에 미치는 인과관계를 실증분석하 고자 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과, SNS특성에 대한 평가가 좋아지면 좋아 질수록 공연예술에 대한 태도와 몰입이 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 공연예술에 대한 태도 와 몰입이 증가하면 증가할수록 관람자의 지속적 이용의도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of continuous muscle strengthening applied to the antagonist of the sternocleidomatoid, upper trapezius, and pectoralis major, which are the shortened muscles of forward head posture(FHP) subjects, and Evjenth-Hamberg stretching(EHS) applied to the shortened muscles on changes in pressure pain threshold(PPT). Twenty subjects were divided into the continuous antagonist strengthening( CAS) group(n=10) and the EHS group(n=10), and each group performed its respective exercise three times a week for a six week period. The results were as follows: The comparison of changes in PPT within each group before and after the treatment showed a statistically significant difference( p<.05) according to the treatment period and a statistically significant difference according to the treatment period and method(p<.05). While the comparison of the tests of between subjects effects between the groups did not show a statistically significant difference, the CAS group exhibited better effects. The above results suggest that the combined application of CAS and EHS generates better effects on changes in PPT than the single application of EHS. Given that stretching and muscle strengthening exercises even for the short research period of six weeks could change the PPT, continuous exercises and a correct postural habit for a longer period of time are likely to help prevent chronic pain and correct FHP

This paper introduces the existence of purchase dependence that was identified during the analysis of inventory operations practice at a sales agency of dealing with spare parts for ship engines and generators. Purchase dependence is an important factor in designing an inventory replenishment policy. However, it has remained mostly unaddressed. Purchase dependence is different from demand dependence. Purchase dependence deals with the purchase behavior of customers, whereas demand dependence deals with the relationship between item-demands. In order to deal with purchase dependence in inventory operations practice, this paper proposes (Q, r) models with the consideration of purchase dependence. Through a computer simulation experiment, this paper compares performance of the proposed (Q, r) models to that of a (Q, r) model ignoring purchase dependence. The simulation experiment is conducted for two cases : a case of using a lost sale cost and a case of using a service level. For a case of using a lost sale cost, this paper calculates an order quantity, Q and a reorder point, r using the iterative procedure. However, for a case of using a service level, it is not an easy task to find Q and r. The complexity stems from the interactions among inventory replenishment policies for items. Thus, this paper considers the genetic algorithm (GA) as an optimization method. The simulation results demonstrates that the proposed (Q, r) models incur less inventory operations cost (satisfies better service levels) than a (Q, r) model ignoring purchase dependence. As a result, the simulation results supports that it is important to consider purchase dependence in the inventory operations practice.

In this paper, we proposed novel continuous tone representational method based reaction-diffusion model. We extended previous related research of hedcut-style rendering by adding controllability to reaction-diffusion based texture generation method. These controls includes pattern size and pattern direction for various style rendering. Our method is comparable with stipping method which can generate artistic style rendering with continuous tone representation of input images. While stippling can show stable tonal results for low density points area, high density region which stipples redundant is suffer from non-linear brightness. On the contrary, our method shows stable tonal results for all brightness spans. We also present anisotropic diffusion for directional pattern generation which can applied to more various style rendering. In this contribution includes mathematical model and results of various style.

본 연구에서는 사인파형 투과유속 운전방식을 중공사형 분리막에 적용하여 운전시간에 따른 막간차압(TMP)을 측 정하였다. 유효 막면적이 100 cm2이고 공칭 세공크기가 0.45 μm인 중공사막 모듈을 MLSS 5,000 mg/L 활성슬러지 용액으로 투과 실험하였다. 연속적인 단계별 투과유속 변화법으로 임계 투과유속을 측정하였으며 그 값은 26.6 L/m2⋅hr이었다. 여과 운전/정지이완(FR), 정지이완시 역세척(FR/BW) 및 사인파형 투과유속 연속운전(SFCO) 방식에 따른 TMP를 측정하였다. 임 계 투과유속보다 낮은 15, 20 및 25 L/m2⋅hr에서는 SFCO 운전방식이 FR 및 FR/BW에 비하여 효과적이었다. 그러나 임계 투과유속 이상에서는 FR/BW 운전방식이 SFCO보다 효과적으로 막오염을 제어할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of continuous antagonistic muscle strengthening exercise and Evjenth-Hamberg stretching on the pulmonary function of university students with abnormal transformation of forward head posture(FHP). The results of study subject to the continuous antagonistic muscle strengthening(CAS) group(n=10) and Evjenth- Hamberg stretching(EHS) group(n=10) that was conducted 3 times a week for 6 weeks are as follow. FVC, IVC, and MVV all were shown to be significant in the pre·post comparison between the CAS group and EHS group(p<.05), and significant difference was shown for MW between the two groups(p<.05) in which the CAS group showed better effect. Based on the results above, it is considered that combining continuous antagonistic muscle strengthening exercise has better effect on pulmonary function compared to application of only Evjenth-Hamberg stretching.

본 연구는 파이프 줄기초의 보강 방안을 제시하고 영농활용을 목적으로 내재형 온실설계도에 제시되 어 있는 강판조리개 및 U-클램프를 포함하여 온실 파이프들의 결속형태로 많이 사용되고 있는 강선조 리개로 결속한 파이프 줄기초의 인발저항력을 현상시험을 통하여 구명하였다. 그 결과, 강선조리개, 강 판조리개 및 U-클램프의 극한인발저항력의 평균값은 각각 186N, 1601N 및 3303N으로서 결속형태별로 상당히 큰 차이를 보였다. U-글램의 경우가 가장 크고, 강성조리개가 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 강 선조리개의 경우는 내재해형 설계기준 1390N보다 아주 작게 나타났다. 그리고 U-클램프의 경우는 기 준 값보다 약 2.3배 정도 크게 나타났으며, 강선조리개보다는 2.0배 정도 크게 나타났다. 실제적으로 단동온실의 경우, 강풍에 의해 인발되어 전파 또는 반파되기도 하지만, 설하중에 의해 침하되는 경우도 예상할 수 있다. 이러한 경우, 줄기초의 하중 지지강도는 줄기초의 결속강도에 따라 다르기 때문에 결 국 줄기초의 침하저항은 인발저항력과 유사할 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고 강판조리개 및 U-클램프의 극한인발저항력, 결속재료의 재료비, 온실의 내구연수 및 재현기간 등만을 고려하여 경제성을 대략적으 로 검토한 결과, 편익(이익) 비용은 약 13,176,000원 정도일 것으로 추정되었다.

본 연구에서는 0.5 wt% 에멀젼형 절삭유 수용액에 평막형 분리막을 침지시키고 대칭 및 비대칭 사인파형 투과유속 연속운전(SFCO) 방식으로 실험하였다. 사용한 정밀여과막은 유효 막면적이 0.02 m2이고 공칭 세공크기가 0.15 μm이었다. 탁도 기준으로 에멀젼형 절삭유의 99% 이상이 제거되었으며 산기량이 증가할수록 TMP가 낮게 상승하였다. 비대칭형 SFCO 운전방식은 투과유속이 낮은 10∼15 L/m2·h 영역에서 대칭형 SFCO 운전방식보다 다소 유리하였다. 하지만, 투과유속이 높은 25∼30 L/m2·h에서는 대칭형 SFCO 운전이 매우 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study investigated the effects of the light conditions on the productivity of scenedesmus dimorphus in the continuous mass cultivation system. To compare the algal productivity according to the light conditions, S. dimorphus was cultivated continuously under the wide range of light intensity(200-600 PPFD) and various light wavelength(white light and red-blue mixed light). After 100 days of cultivation under the different light intensity, the productivity of S. dimorphus increased as light intensity decreased. So, the productivity was maximized as 100 mg/L/d when light intensity was 200 PPFD. In case of light wavelength, the productivity of S. dimorphus was enhanced about 20% with the white light compared to that of the red-blue mixed light. Consequently, the optimal light conditions for the continuous mass cultivation of S. dimorphus were 200 PPFD as light intensity and white light as light wavelength.