This study analytically reviewed the behavior of steel plate concrete (SC) walls subjected to forced vibration to investigate the effects of shape and arrangement spacing of studs on the behavior spacing of studs for SC wall were carried out. When the distance between the studs increases more than necessary, it was also confirmed that the natural frequency was reduced.

이 연구에서는 SC 전단벽의 전단 연결재인 스터드의 배치와 형상이 SC 전단벽의 거동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 전단벽체가 반복의 전단하중을 받을 때의 거동을 해석적으로 검토하였다. 이를 위해 서로 다른 배치간격과 형상의 스터드가 배열된 SC 전단벽을 대상으로 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 하중-변위이력곡선으로부터 스켈레톤 곡선을 얻었고 스터드의 간격이 좁을수록 극한강도 및 항복강도가 크게 나타남을 확인했다. 또한, 일반 스터드 보다 경사부재가 있는 경사 스터드의 강도가 더 크게 나타났고 강성비가 줄어들수록 감쇠비가 증가함을 확인했다. 최종적으로 스터드의 간격이 좁을수록 누적손상에너지가 크게 나타나며 내진성능이 우수함을 확인하였다.

This study analytically reviewed the dissipated energy and ductility of Steel Plate Concrete (SC) walls subjected to cyclic shear forces to investigate the effects of shape and arrangement spacing of studs on the design of SC walls. As the decrease of stud spacings, the cumulative dissipate energy was increased and the seismic performance was improved. Under the same cumulative dissipate energy, the ductility was increased as the increase of stud spacings and the influences with stud type was insignificant.

Based on the test results of walls with Grade 550 MPa and aspect ratio of 2.0, it was found that the behavior of the wall is close to that of wall with Grade 420 MPa, which is the maximum permissible strength of shear reinforcing bars in ACI 318 (or ACI 349). The findings can be used as an evidence to increase the permissible maximum strength of shear reinforcing bars for shear walls with aspect ratio less than 2.0 in ACI 318(or ACI 349).

This study analytically reviewed the behavior of Steel Plate Concrete(SC) walls subjected to combined loads of axial force, flexural moment, and shear force to investigate the effects of shape and arrangement spacing of studs on the behavior of SC walls. To perform it, 9 cases of finite element analyses considering the different shape and spacing of studs in SC wall were carried out. The results showed that, for SC walls combined steel plate and concrete according to the Design Code, the compressive strength is higher than the tensile strength. Compared results from the finite element analyses of SC walls subjected to combined loads with Design Code showed that all cases were higher than the design strength. For KEPIC SNG, the moment and shear force were not influenced by the axial force of 0.1 to 0.2 times axial strength, however, from the analyses, it was found that the values were decreased as the axial force is increased.

최근 이상기후로 인해 전세계적으로 하천 제방 유실, 해안침식으로 인한 해안 사구의 유실, 도로 사면 및 절개지 붕괴, 산사태등에서 발생하였으며, 발생빈도가 계속적으로 증가하여 이로 인한 인명과 재산의 피해가 심각한 문제로 부각되고 있습니다. 그러나 홍수, 산사태 등에 대하여 안전하게 제방과 사면을 보호할 수 있는 공법이 확립되지 않아, 선진국에서도 이로 인한 자연재해에 대하여 대책이 확실하게 제시되지 않고 있다. 자연재해에 대한 복원 및 복구시 기존에 사용되고 있는 토목공법이나 재료들은 튼튼한 기초를 전제로 하여 시공되므로 기초를 할 수 없는 지역이나 기초가 붕괴되는 경우에는 사용 할 수 없는 공법이 대부분이며. 그러나 재난이 발생하는 지역은 아예 기초를 시공할 수 없는 지역이 대부분이므로 기존의 토목공법들을 사용하기 어렵기 때문에 재난 발생지역의 환경특성에 맞는 공법의 개발이 시급하며, 최근 자연형 하천 조성공법으로 조성되고 있거나 추진 중이지만 대부분의 경우 지금까지 경험적으로 시공되었던 종래의 공법을 무분별하게 적용함으로써 구조적인 안전성을 확보하지 못하여 수해가 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 자연재해에 대한 구조적인 안정성 확보가 가능하고, 블록의 연결로 구조물을 축조하는 에코매직블록을 이용하여 현장시험을 통한 옹벽의 거동특성을 파악하였고, 수치해석을 실시하여 현장시험과 비교분석하였다. 현장시험결과와 수치해석의 결과를 비교하여 하중에 따른 변위가 거의 유사하게 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the seismic performance of RC frame building which was retrofitted by wing walls. At fitst, the seismic performance evaluation was performed on the deteriorated RC frame building by using capacity spectrum method. And the efficiency of the retrofit by using wing walls was checked from the evaluation of its seismic capacity for various layout. As a results, it was found that the wing wall increased the stiffness and strength of the building.

This study analytically reviewed the behavior of Steel Plate Concrete(SC) walls subjected to cyclic shear forces to investigate the effects of shape and arrangement spacing of studs on the design of SC walls. The shape of the stud did not affect the shear behavior of SC wall but, the spacing influenced to its composite action.

This study investigates the effectiveness of a wall fiber element in predicting the flexural nonlinear response of reinforced concrete shear walls. Model results are compared with experimental results for reinforced concrete shear walls with barbell-shaped cross sections. The analytical model is calibrated and the test measurements are processed to allow for a direct comparison of the predicted and measured lateral force and displacement responses. Response results are compared at top displacements on the walls. Results obtained in the analytical model for barbell-shaped wall cross sections compared favorably with experimentally responses for flexural capacity, stiffness, and deformability.

This study aimed to identify orientations for the development of the community by establishing desirable aesthetical environments and reorganizing the residents' communal way of life through the implementation of village art projects. To investigate how the implementation of village art projects influence community and communication, the author analyzed changes in walls made by the implementation of actual projects in Anhyeon Village in Gochang, Dongpirang in Tongyeong, and Byeolbyeol Village in Yeongcheon. The community was analyzed from the view points of locality, communal ties, and communication. The results showed that Anhyeon Village in Gochang expressed its locality with chrysanthemum, poems and local figures. Similar walls were built across the village to strengthen ties among the residents, and portraits used as doorplates represented communication among them. Various paintings of seas, flowers, and poems were seen in Dongpirang in Tongyeong, which were thought to be representations of its locality and the friendliness of hometown in the less favoured area. Wall paintings played pivotal roles in this village to impart to the residents essentials that should be kept to eliminate inner walls in their minds and ensure open communications. In Byeolbyeol Village in Yeongcheon, locality was presented with common farm village landscapes in various materials, patterns and formativeness. Village-wide reinforcement contributed to strengthening ties in the community rather than forming boundaries against outside worlds. Cultural and artistic elements structured mental walls that made people not aware of the presence of physical walls.

This paper indicates seismic performance of wing walls using Engineered Cement Composite (ECC). The variable of specimens is 2 side connect and 3 side connect in RC frame. The specimens is tested cyclic lateral loads by actuator. The test results show that seismic performance of 2 side connected wing walls improved.

본 연구에서는 휨모멘트를 받는 SC 벽체 스터드의 성능을 최적화시키기 위해 비선형 유한요소법을 사용한 해석적 연구를 수행하였다.SC 벽체에 대한 유한요소모형에서는 접촉, 연결, 그리고 재료에 대한 비선형성을 고려하였다. 그리고 해석모형의 검증을 위해 선행된 실내실험을 모사하여 계측결과와 해석결과를 비교하였고, 제안된 해석방법의 타당성을 검증하였다. 문헌조사를 통해 해석 대상물의 크기를 결정하였고, 다양한 스터드의 형식과 배치간격을 고려한 해석을 수행하였다. 또한, KEPIC SNG를 만족하는지에 대한 추가적인 검토를 수행하였다. 최종적으로 수치해석과 기준의 검토를 통하여 개선된 스터드의 최적 형식 및 배치안을 제시하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 경계요소를 갖는 철근콘크리트 전단벽의 잠재소성힌지길이를 합리적으로 평가할 수 있는 단순모델의 제시이다. 전단벽의 높이에 따른 이상화된 곡률분포로부터, 기본방정식은 항복모멘트와 최대모멘트 그리고 사인장균열에 의한 부가모멘트의 함수로 일반화되었다. 전단벽의 항복모멘트와 최대모멘트는 변형률 적합조건과 힘의 평형조건을 기반하여 산정하였다. 사인장균열 발생의 여부는 ACI 318-11에서 제시된 콘크리트의 전단력으로부터 검토되었으며, 부가모멘트는 Park and Paulay에 의해 제시된 트러스기구를 이용하여 산정하였다. 이들 모멘트식들은 다양한 변수범위에서 변수연구를 수행하였다. 결과적으로 등가소성힌지길이는 주철근 및 수직철근지수와 축력지수의 함수로 제시될 수 있었다. 제시된 등가소성힌지길이의 모델은 실험결과의 비교에서 평균 및 표준편차가 각각 1.019와 0.102로 실험결과를 정확하게 예측하였다.

The current seismic design code prescribes structural wall should be designed as special shear wall when building height is more than 60m and seismic design category D. The design code for the irregular wall is not provided. Therefore, the special wall with flange is designed as linear section wall. The ultimate strain of concrete in non-rectangular section would be different form that in rectangular section, then the equation of discrimination for special wall would changed. In the study, nonlinear analysis for linear and irregular wall are performed, and concrete ultimate strain is compared.

In the construction of nuclear power plants using massive walls in Korea, the use of high-strength re-bars for shear design is necessary to enhance the constructability and economy. In the present study, low-rise walls(aspect ratio = 1.0) with 550MPa grade bars, were tested under cyclic loading to investigate shear capacity and deformation capacity of the walls. The results were compared with the performance of walls with grade 420 bars and predictions by current design code. The test results showed that ACI 349 underestimated the shear strength of the walls with 550 MPa grade bars. This result indicated that the ACI 349 predictions can be safely used for the earthquake design of the low-rise walls (aspect ratio =1.0) with 550 MPa grade bars.

This present study proposes a practical strengthening technique for enhancing the in-plane shear strength and ductility of unreinforced masonry walls using the unbonded prestressed wire ropes. Four full-scale masonry walls were tested under constant axial load and cyclic lateral loads. Test results revealed that the developed strengthening procedure was highly effective in enhancing the in-plane shear strength and ductility of masonry walls and controlling crack propagation along head and bed mortar joints

This study is to evaluate structural strengthening performance of lightly reinforced concrete frame retrofitted with infill wall experimentally. In order to evaluate the performance concrete and SFRC infill walls. The weariable is presence of fiber and the wall panel is 1/3 scale models. The result of this study, the SFRC wall specimen, the maximum load and displacement go increase than concrete wall.

Experimental observations and theoretical predictions were presented for a total of 8 reinforced concrete wall with all sides being exposed to ISO standard heating curve. In the modeling of wall axial deformation under constant load at varying elevated temperature conditions, numerical models on heat transfer and spalling were considered along with the mechanical model. Based on the model, preditions on the fire resistance of the bearing wall under the axial load was presented.

This experimental study evaluates of seismic performance on strain-hardening cement-based composite (SHCC). The objective of this study is to evaluate of cross-sectional reduction (1400×800×70 and 1120×520×40㎜) and design compressive strength level (45 and 50 MPa). The experimental results as cross-sectional reduction, peak loads are not significantly different. but energy area is decrease.

This experimental study evaluates of seismic performance on strain-hardening cement-based composite (SHCC). The objective of this study is to evaluate of seismic capacity reduction factor on two sides confined SHCC infill walls. The experimental results as cseismic capacity reduction factor are not significantly different.