마약류나 유해화학 물질의 남용에 의한 중독은 사용물질의 종류에 상관없이 질병으로 간주되어야 하고 약물남용자의 치료와 재활은 하나의 일관된 개념에 의해 통합적으로 다루어져야 할 필요가 있다. 그러나 현재 우리나라 약물남용자의 처벌과 치료․재활은 각기 다른 법률에서 다루어지고 있으며 그 처우의 정도가 서로 다르게 규정되어 있고 누락되어 있는 경우도 있다. 또한 치료보호규정이 있는 경우에도 치료와 보호는 형식적으로 운용되고 있어서 중독에 대한 진정한 치료가 불가능하고 재범과 재발을 반복하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미국의 약물법정제도를 분석하여 우리나라의 약물법정제도 운영에 관한 도입 방안을 제시하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 구체적인 서비스 흐름을 보다 명확하게 하기 위하여 서비스의 전문성, 적절성, 포괄성, 그리고 통합성 등의 서비스 전달체계 중심으로 분석하였다.

The purpose of this paper is to show that South Korean students of Japanese have a gap between their knowledge and usage of Japanese honorifics, and to illustrate misusage of Japanese honorifics by the South Korean students through the analysis of the example sentence, “My father went to the United States.” According to analysis of this paper, native Japanese speakers are influenced by both the UCHI-SOTO relation and the vertical relation of age when they refer to their father. But the students are influenced only by whether “father” is their father or other’s father. Furthermore, the students don’t necessarily recognize the rule in Japanese honorifics, that is, “Do not use the honorifics when you speak of your father to a person outside the family (SOTO).” The conclusion of this paper gives the following suggestive points to the teaching of Japanese honorifics. First, we have to teach that how to refer to “father” varies with the listener. Second, it is required to fully explain the concept of UCHI-SOTO and to make well-known the rule in Japanese honorifics, that is, “Do not use the honorifics when you speak of a person in your group to a person outside your group.”

In the United States, the implementation of educational technology is influenced by many factors, but in elementary-secondary and higher education the recent economic recession forced a slowdown in investments.. In higher education, analog media, such as overhead projection, videos, and slides, are still heavily used. Digital media use is growing, but at a slower rate each year. Most instructors exchange e-mail with students, but smaller percentages use more sophisticated applications. Course management systems, now ubiquitous, are prompting the integration of technology into instruction. Over two-thirds of all universities offer distance education, and enrollments grow by about 25 percent per year. In elementary-secondary education, technology integration has been influenced by the “No Child Left Behind” initiative. Hence, the focus has been on the use of computers as a tool for assessment. When at school, students in grades 4-12 use computers predominately in a computer lab, most commonly to find information, visit school websites, and to take tests. K-3 students use technology to play learning games, create pictures, and practice spelling and reading. The student-per-Internet– connected computer ratio was 4.3:1 in 2004. Schools are going wireless fast. Professional development continues to lag behind teachers’ needs. The largest barriers to greater adoption and use of computers are lack of time to prepare and insufficient technical support. Virtual schools continue to proliferate and attract new students. These findings indicate that pervasive access to information technology infrastructure does not guarantee its use. Social and psychological factors impinge on educators’ use of ICT.

The article is to describe the recent phenomena in the area of American culture and religion such as multiculturalism, popular religion, and civil religion. It is also to evaluate those phenomena from the viewpoint of a missiological perspective. Multiculturalism is defined as all kinds of activities which try to support the various cultures and heritages of ethnic people groups and to overcome ethnocentrism. It is criticized by the conservatives as a political theory which tends to lose its truth, universality, and objectivity. From the missiological point of view, it can be used for developing the multicultural strategies for Christian missions. Popular religion exists outside the official religious institutions and it is related to the folk beliefs such as dream, charisma, trans meditation, channeling, angels, faith healing, and etc. It is criticized by Neoorthodox theologians that it tends to neglect the historical and political aspects of the social phenomena. Even though it is criticized by them as syncretism, it can be helpful for Christian missions to understand people's popular lives. Civil Religion is to respect the virtues and values of American citizens which are traced to Christian values such as temperance, private assets, individual responsibility, and patriotism. It is criticized as an ecumenical Protestant tribalism which tends to be misused by the imperialistic expansionism to destroy the cultures of minority. From the perspective of Christian missions, it should transform its selfishness into the world brotherhood in the 21 st century of the universal and multicultural world.

The study offers the first large scale product-level study of the factors which influence Japanese manufacturing firm`s order of U.S. market entry. Our results support market rivalry rather than firm-specific advantages arguments. Japanese first-investors do not have as strong a research concentration as second-investors and late-investors. Japanese firms with medium market shares have a greater tendency to be first-investors. Japanese firms belonging to enterprise groups tend to be first-investors due to stiff competition across enterprise groups. In addition, Japanese firms with previous experience in the U. S. market tend to be first-investors in another product market. On the other hand, Japanese firms` advertising intensity and their membership in a keiretsu group do not affect its order of U.S. market entry.