This paper observes how the third grade elementary English textbook does not provide target-like balanced language input. It proposes that the unbalance is attributed to the usefulness-based listing of communicative function expressions in the 7th National English Curriculum. The paper concludes that the problem is hard to resolve unless due and proper attention is paid to formal and structural aspects of the target language in designing national English curriculum and developing English textbooks.

Purpose : In this study. we analyzed reliabilitis of Schirmer test and Tear Film Break up Timet(BUT) which are generally used in the diagnosis of dry eyes. Furthermore, this study was carried out to prepare the valuatien of diagnosis and standard in the clinic. Methods : 130 adults at the age range of 20s-40s who don't have eye disease which can have an impact on the amount of tear were tested by method of Schirmer test and Tear Film Break up Time(tBUT) teat and we analyzed the values. Results : The standard deviation of Schirmer test and Tear Film Break up Time(tBUT) were found to be the 12.083±4.7141 mm and the 10.848±4.7458. The Chronbach's alpha value for the reliability Schirmer test was 0.431. which is a bit low. This value is implying that the reproducibility is low. too. However. the value of Tear Film Break up Time(tBUT) is 0.918, which is high. It means the reproducibility is high, too. Conclusion : We judged that Schrimer test values to assess te<Jr voln mP. showeci low reliability. Therefore. this test can not be used in getting materia! for diagnosis of dry eyes independently. In case of quality of tear film assess. Tear Film Break up Time(tBUT) test is a useful method because of high reliability.

Vaginal cytology with behavioral observation was performed in 34 estrous cycles in 16 Miniature Schnauzer dogs to evaluate the its usefulness. The mean duration of proestrus and estrus in Miniature Schnauzer based on behavioral observation and vaginal cytology was (Mean S.D., range: ) and days for proestrus, and and days for estrus, respectively. The duration of each phase of the estrous cycle was not significantly different based on between behavioral observation and vaginal cytology. The gestational length from the first day of male acceptance was days, days from the first male refusal, and days from the onset of cytologic diestrus, respectively. Vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were significantly characteristic of large intermediate cells in proestrus, anuclear cells in estrus, small intermediate cells in diestrus, and parabasal cells and small intermediate cells in anestrus (p<0.001), respectively. Cornification index (CI) by vaginal cytology was higher in proestrus () and estrus (), then it was decreased in diestrus () and anestrus ().

The aim of this study is to illustrate the relationships among topic-interest, topic-usefulness, and motivational orientation. A total of 138 students in six different English language courses in a university in Korea took part in the study. Two sets of identical questionnaires were used before and after the semester. They asked the learners to rate the degrees of motivational orientation and the levels of interest and usefulness on the topics in the textbook. The results show that there was an interesting pattern that the level of correlation between topic-interest and integrative motivation was higher than that between topic-interest and instrumental motivation. In case of the correlations between topic-interest and topic-usefulness, moderate levels of positive correlations are shown. However, it was difficult to find a strong relationship in the levels of topic-interest between before and after the use of the textbooks. The average correlation is calculated as .27, indicating a very low level of relationship. The overall results suggest that teachers need to identify their learners" reasons for studying English to choose a textbook that meets the learners" motivational orientation. Teachers also need to evaluate how textbook writers maximize their creativeness in presenting topics in textbooks.

목적 : 발달지연 아동들에게 Capute와 Bayley 발달검사를 실시하여 뇌성마비 감별에 이들 지수들의 유용성을 평가하고, 이들 검사 중에 뇌성마비를 가장 잘 감별할 수 있는 발달검사 척도를 찾아 뇌성마비 아동을 조기에 진단하고 재활중재와 개입전략을 세우는데 도움이 되고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2002년 8월부터 2005년 12월까지 천안시 소재 모대학교 재활의학과에 발달지연으로 내원한 아동 중 검사시 연령이 48개월까지의 아동 250명을 대상으로 Capute 발달검사인 언어지수(CLAMS), 인지적응검사(CAT), 혼합발달지수(CAT/CLAMS)와 Bayley 발달검사인 정신발달지수(MDI), 운동발달지수(PDI), 행동평가척도(BRS)를 검사하였고, 정신발달지수와 운동발달지수의 차이(MDI-PDI)를 계산하였다. 결과 : 1. 발달지연아 총 250명중에서 뇌성마비군이 86명(34.4%)으로 감별되었고 전반적 발달지연군은 164명(65.6%)이었다.2. 재태기간이 37주 미만군에서 뇌성마비아가 41.7%로 37주 이상군의 26.8%보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05).3. 뇌성마비군과 전반적 발달지연군에서의 Capute 및 Bayley 발달검사의 평균 점수의 차이는 Capute 발달검사인 인지적응검사지수와 혼합발달지수에서는 뇌성마비군에서 유의하게 낮은 점수를 보였으며(각각, p<0.001, p<0.01), Bayley 발달검사 중 운동발달지수와 행동평가척도도 뇌성마비군이 유의하게 낮은 점수였고(각각, p<0.001, p<0.01), 정신발달지수와 운동발달지수의 차이는 뇌성마비군이 유의하게 높은 점수를 나타냈다(p<0.001).4. Capute 발달검사의 각 지수별 뇌성마비 감별기준 점수로 80미만으로 하였을 때 인지적응검사지수, 혼합발달지수에서 뇌성마비군의 비율이 유의하게 높은 분포를 보였다(각각, p<0.001, p<0.01). Bayley 발달검사인 운동발달지수, 행동발달척도, 정신발달지수와 운동발달지수와의 차이의 감별기준 점수를 각각 85미만, 25미만, 13이상으로 하였을 때 뇌성마비군의 비율이 통계학적으로 유의하게 높은 분포를 나타내었다(각각, p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.001).5. Capute 및 Bayley 발달검사의 각 지수 간에는 모두 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다(각각, p<0.001).6. 뇌성마비 감별에 영향을 주는 예측 모형을 로지스틱 다중회귀분석 모형으로 분석한 결과 운동발달지수(Odds Ratio; OR=14.559, p<0.001)의 예측력이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 재태기간(OR=3.080, p<0.001), 정신발달지수와 운동발달지수의 차이(OR=2.678, p<0.01) 순으로 분석되었으며 이 모형의 설명력은 25.1%였다. 결론 : 발달지연 아동 중 뇌성마비아를 조기에 감별할 때에 Bayley 발달검사의 운동발달지수가 가장 유용한 것으로 나타났으며, 정신발달지수와 운동발달지수의 차이도 고려하는 것이 뇌성마비아 감별에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다.

A laboratory bioassay that incorporates Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) purified crystal protein toxins into an artificial diet has identified three toxins, CryIA(b), CryIA(c), and CryIIA, to by effective against the yellow stemborer, Scirpophaga incertulas(Walker). Research is aimed at engineering rice that incorporates genes of one of or more of these toxins so as to mimic the insecticidal action of the insect to Bt. The paper discusses potential strategies for slowing the rate of adaptation that include the use of multiple Bt toxins, promoters that express the toxins only in specific plant tissues at specific times, and mixing transgenic and non-transgenic plants.

The present study aims to investigate the perceived usefulness of business coaching as a moderator between the association of entrepreneurial competencies and business success of women micro-entrepreneurs. This study employs a stratified random sampling technique to collect data from women micro-entrepreneurs who attended business coaching sessions. In total, 261 questionnaires were distributed and collected. This study has divided the moderator (i.e., perceived usefulness of business coaching) into two groups, namely, group 1 (with a low mean) and group 2 (with a high mean) for moderation analysis. By using a comparative analysis of the path coefficient for groups 1 and 2, the path is moderated by the perceived usefulness of business coaching if the beta value for group 1 is significant, and the beta value for group 2 is non-significant. The results show that eight out of a total of sixteen hypotheses were supported, while the remaining hypotheses were rejected. The findings of the study suggest that the domains of entrepreneurial competencies for women micro-entrepreneurs, including strategic, commitment, conceptual, opportunity, and relationship competencies, together with the perceived usefulness of business coaching, are vital for the business success and should remain the principal focus of future research in women entrepreneurship.