An analysis of recent studies and a field survey were conducted to investigate the distribution of the exotic species Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and the results’ applicability for biological control against ragweed, which disturbs the island’s ecosystem. The ragweed beetle (O. communa) can be found anywhere on the host plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., which grows in Jeju Island. Moreover, ragweed beetles possess the following characteristics: a high host plant specificity, a high-temperature resistance, an excellent mobility, and multivoltinism. Ragweed is extensively distributed and gradually expands its habitat further on Jeju Island. For this reason, it is recommended to take advantage of O. communa for the biological control of ragweed instead of pesticides or direct removal, considering that Jeju is endowed with many natural reserves and unique insular traits.

톱다리개미허린노린재(Riptortus clavatus)의 실내 사육에서 먹이로 이용할 수 있는 메주콩, 강낭콩, 서리태, 동부, 녹두, 팥을 대상으로 섭식선호성을 조사하였다. 저장되었던 콩 종류별로는 메주콩과 강낭콩을 각각 15.7 ± 5.5%와 12.7 ± 2.5% 섭식하였고 나머지는 2.3 ~ 3.3% 섭식하였다. 올해 수확한 콩과 콩꼬투리의 선호성 조사에서 메주콩은 콩보다 콩꼬투리를 더 선호하여 각각 11.7%와 39.3% 섭식하였고 동부콩과 동부콩꼬투리는 16.3%와 10.7%, 강낭콩과 강낭콩잎에 대해서는 15.0%와 11.3%로 선호성을 나타내었다. 올팩토메터(olfactometer)를 이용한 조사에서는 양자간 선호성 조사의 결과와 달리 메주콩에 50.0%, 서리태에 30.0%, 동부에 20.0% 유인되었다. 메주콩에서는 콩의 13.0% 보다 콩꼬투리에서 44.0%로 많이 유인되었고 동부콩은 콩에 25.0%, 동부콩꼬투리에 19.0% 유인되었다. 콩과 콩꼬투리 의 평균 흡즙시간은 성충과 약충에서 각각 140.8 ± 80.8초와 138.3 ± 69.4초로 조사되었다. 햇콩과 콩꼬투리에서는 성충과 약충 모두 콩꼬투리를 68.3%로 선호하였으며 저장된 콩과 햇콩의 비교에서는 성충은 저장된 콩을 68.2% 약충은 햇콩을 58.6% 섭식하였다. 톱다리개미허리노린재 암컷 성충은 사육상자내의 색종이에는 산란하지 않았으며 강낭콩 잎에 2개, 솜에 7개, 비닐에 6개 그리고 아크릴 사육상자에 7개와 13개를 산란하였다.

아메리카동애등에(Hermetia illucens) 유충 및 번데기를 대량사육하여 가축사료로 활용하기위해 성충사육상과 산란처의 산란조건을 비교 조사하였다. 성충사육상은 재질에 관계없이 가로, 세로, 높이 2 m 이상의 사육상에서 주당 성충 20,000개체를 투입하여 2일간 채란한 난괴수가 평균 628.0 ~ 648.0개 이었고 1.8 ~ 1 m의 사육상에서는 86.7 ~ 418.7 난괴로 적었다. 산란처를 골판지로 사용하였을 때 41.0 ± 37.7난괴를 산란하였고 플로랄폼에는 326.6 ± 68.4난괴, 녹색테이프를 붙인 골판지는 135.2 ± 41.5난괴를 산란하여 녹색의 산란처를 선호하는 것으로 조사되었다. 골판지에 플로랄폼을 덧씌운 산란처에는 평균 57.7개로 플로랄폼의 64.7개와 유사하게 산란하였다. 산란처의 산란홀 직경은 4 ㎜에서 평균 48.2난괴를 산란하여 직경 6 ㎜의 29.0난괴보다 많았다.

아메리카동애등에(Hermetia illucens)를 대량사육하기위해 발육 기간 동안 음식물건조사료를 주성분으로한 먹이로 조성을 달리하여 사육하였다. 먹이조성비율은 산란된 알의 부화유도배지, 부화유충 1, 2단계 먹이로 서로 다르게 제작하였다. 부화유도배지는 육성돈사료와 물을 4 : 6의 비율로 혼합하고 상부에 밀기울을 3 ㎝ 두께로 덮었다. 부화유충 1단계먹이는 음식물건조사료(50%), 맥주박(40%), 밀기울(9%)에 당밀과 발효액을 각각 0.5%씩 혼합하였고 부화유충 2단계먹이는 음식물건 조사료(99%)에 당밀과 발효액을 0.5%씩 혼합하였다. 부화유충먹이의 함수율은 약 60%로 제작하였다. 부화유도배지에서 동애등에유충은 부화 후 3일간 사육한 후 유충 1단계 먹이로 7 ~ 8일간 사육하였고 2단계 먹이로 6 ~ 7일간 사육하였다. 사육한 종령 및 번데기는 수확하기 전 2일 동안 먹이를 공급하지 않았다. 동애등에유충과 번데기를 수확하기위해 진동채로 분변을 분리하여 수확하였다.

백두대간은 한반도의 다양한 생물 서식지이며 동물의 이동통로로 새로운 서식지로의 이주와 재서식을 하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대되고 있다. 본 연구는 2013-2014년에 4월부터 9월까지 백두대간 구룡령(명계리)과 고직령(서벽리)의 나비군집을 모니터링 하고, 두 지역의 나비를 과거기록과 비교하여 분포지의 변화가 있는지를 알아보았다. 그 결과 명계리 65종 1098개체, 서벽리 63종 1161개체가 조사되었다. 두 지역의 비교에서 명계리에서만 출현한 종은 15종, 서벽리에서만 출현한 종은 13종으로 나타났다. 종 순위별 개체수에서는 명계리는 큰줄흰나비 127 (11.6%), 줄흰나비 100 (9.1%), 산제비나비 90 (8.2%), 서벽리는 뿔나비 146 (12.6%), 줄흰나비 134 (11.5%), 네발나비 69 (5.9%)종으로 나타났다. 그리고 3개체 이하를 보인 종은 명계리 24종, 서벽리 23종으로 나타나 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 두 지역의 유사도는 비교적 높게 나타나고 있을 뿐만 아니라 한국적색목록의 나비가 다수 분포하고 있으며, 출현종을 과거 분포자료와 비교한 결과 뚜렷한 변화는 없었다. 이에 백두대간의 나비는 아직까지 잘 보전되고 있는 것으로 보여 거시적으로 백두대간의 서식지 경관이 연속성을 유지하도록 하는 것이 필요하다.

아메리카동애등에(Hermetia illucens)를 육계사료로 활용하기 위해 음식물건조사료, 임신돈사료, 호프박을 이용하여 사육하였다. 임신돈사료에 호프박을 0 ~100% 혼합하여 사육한 유충의 중량은 0.150 ~ 0.031g 으로 큰 차이를 보였다. 실험 종료 후 발육이 부진한 호프박 100%의 실험구에 음식물건조사료를 1주일간 공급하여 사육하면 0.031g에서 0.188g 으로 급격히 중량이 증가하였다. 음식물건조사료를 100, 80, 60, 40%로 사육한 결과 종령유충의 평균 중량은 각각 0.167, 0.125, 0.143, 0.125g 으로 조사되었다. 음식물건조사료 함량 20 ~ 100%에 임신돈사료와 호프박을 혼합하여 사육한 결과 사육초기에는 음식물건조사료의 함량이 높을수록 발육이 부진하였으나 종령시기에는 0.150 ~ 0.158g 으로 유사해졌다. 부화초기의 동애등에는 음식물건조사료보다 일반사료에서 발육이 우수하였고 10일가량 발육한 유충은 음식물건조사료 100%에서도 정상적으로 발육하였다. 동애등에 부화유충의 사료 섭식량은 임신돈사료와 음식물건조사료에서 각각 평균 0.68, 0.80g으로 조사되었다.

백두대간은 국토의 골격을 형성하고 인문지리적, 자연생태적 등에서 많은 가치를 지니고 있으며, 우리나라 자연생태계에서 생물종이 다양하고 풍부한 한반도의 핵심 생태축으로서 높은 가치를 지니고 있지만, 최근 급격한 인간 활동으로 인한 훼손의 영향을 받고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 백두대간 생태계 변화를 파악하고 장기적인 모니터링의 일환으로 2012년부터 2014년까지 3년간 구룡령 및 고직령 구간을 대상으로 소나무군락과 신갈나무군락 고정조사지에서 나비목 조사를 실시하였다. 두 조사 구간에서 출현한 총 종수는 29과 755종이 조사되었다. 구룡령 구간에서 23과 457종으로 소나무군락 22과 299종, 신갈나무군락 19과 314종이 출현하였고 소나무군락과 신갈나무군락의 유사도는 39.10%이고 고직령 구간에서 25과 573종이 출현하여 소나무군락 24과 401종, 신갈나무군락 25과 415종이 확인되어 소나무군락과 신갈나무군락의 유사도는 57.00%이였다. 구룡령구간과 고직령구간의 유사도는 고직령구간의 유사도가 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 두 식생군락에 따른 뚜렷한 나방의 서식적 구분은 나타나지 않았다. 이는 하부식생의 영향으로 두 식생간 구분이 나타나지 않은 것으로 추측된다. 또한 이번 연구를 통해 구룡령과 고직령 구간에서 총 20과 247종의 새로운 서식종이 확인되었으며 구간별로는 구룡령구간(구룡령~신배령)에서는 15과 138종, 고직령구간(도래기재~늦은목이)은 11과 172종이 확인되었다.

금번 연구는 곤충채집 장비인 버킷식 유아등 트랩에 대한 단점을 보완하고 채집에 효율적인 장비를 개발하기 위해 수행하였다. 기존 장비의 경우 대부분 마취제(클로로포름)의 사용으로 인해 DNA손상의 우려가 있으며 여러 장소에 설치할 경우 구간 마다 마취지속시간의 편차가 크다는 문제점이 있어왔다. 또한 기존장비의 경우 부피가 커서 휴대성이 비효율적이며 가장 큰 문제는 하계 조사시 많은양의 개체가 채집되면 트랩 안에서 밀집하여 표본이 많이 손상되는 문제점이 지적되어 왔다. 따라서 이러한 단점을 보완하고 장비를 개선함으로써 정량적 곤충조사를 위한 장비개발에 초점을 맞추어 효율적인 모니터링을 가능케 하고자 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개선된 곤충채집 장비는 향후 야외조사를 통한 데이터 분석으로 기존 제품대비 효율성을 추가적으로 검토할 계획이다.

This study was operated to establish induction using ultrasonography by estimating the relation of follicle size and estrus manifestation. Clinical estrus symptoms were observed 97.4% in cows and 87.5% in heifers when overall 55 cows were induced to estrus in a single dose of after verifying CL through ultrasonography, which means estrus hours among those 52 cows showing the clinical estrus symptoms were estimated 2.39 days on cows and for 2.37 days on heifers which showed no differences (p>0.05). The estrus manifestation hours according to the follicle size in cows didn't have any significance each other (p>0.05), though estrus hours was 54 hours (the shortest) with follicle size bigger than 10 mm and were made up within 69 hours. The estrus manifestation hours according to the follicle size in heifers didn't have any significance each other (p>0.05) and took around 42 hours (the shortest) with follicle size of 5mm (the smallest) and were made up within 66 hours. Follicles after injection were ovulated and assigned to many phases as follows; Group 1 (growing phase) - continuously growing into ovulation, Group 2 (growing and static phase) - delaying in growth after the growth of follicles, Group 3 (static and growing phase) - growing after growth delay, Group 4 (regressing and new growing phase) - the follicle is closed and a new follicle grows. In addition, the process of follicle development and estrus hours had no significance each other (p>0.05), though estrus manifestation hours in Group 1 and 2 was relatively short, and in Group 3 and 4 for a relatively long time. In the result of all above, the estrus manifestation hours after injection has no differences accoring to the follicle size in cows and heifers. Therefore, High pregnancy rate is obtained when practicing artificial insemination within 3 days in estrus or TAI in 72 to 80 hours after adminitrating .

This study was carried out to develop the useful inducing method of estrus for Korean native cows. Under the condition of estrus induction by administering for the cows in which corpus luteum (CL) in ovaries was detected by ultrasonography, ovarian responses and the changes of progesterone () concentration against compared with conception rate were observed in cows and heifers. In inducing estrus administering . to the cows which has corpus luteum in ovaries, ovarian reponses, the changes of progesterone concentration, and conception rate were identified and compared. The results attained from the studies were as follows. Significant decreases of CL in size over time after administration were detected in both cow and heifer groups (p<0.001), but not different between groups in the CL regression rate (p>0.05). In addition, the percentage changes relative to the plasma concentration on day 1 after treatment were decreased to below 1ng/ml. The growth rate of follicle was observed as 31% on day 1 and 42% on day 2 in cows, and 34% on day 1 and 97% on day 2 in heifers, resulting that growth of heifers are faster than that of cows (p<0.05). The conception rate after treatment were 60.5% and 64.2% in cows and heifers, respectively. It also indicated that the conception rate after estrus observation with injection was as high as 66.6% while that with timed-artificial insemination (TAI) regardless of the estrus observation was 56%, which means the pregnancy rate of artificial insemination after estrus observation was higher than that of TAI (p<0.05). In the result of all above, there were significant decreases in CL size and the plasma concentration by days but rapid growth in follicles, which has no differences in cows and heifers. The conception rate was commonly high after estrus observation and more than 50% under TAI.

This study investigated potential relationship between fetal deaths and plasma progesterone concentrations of bitches. Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed on small-pet 23 dogs from gestation day (GD) 15 through parturition. The dogs were 3 non-pregnant bitches, 9 spontaneous delivery bitches, 6 partial early embryonic death bitches, 2 whole early embryonic death bitches, and 3 aborted bitches. The late pregnancy (GD 51-54) appeared in 2 of the 3 aborted bitches and the hypoluteoidism appeared in 1 of the 3 aborted bitches. The plasma progesterone concentrations of partial early embryonic death bitches (n=6) showed no significant difference when compared with the spontaneous delivery bitches. We observed that plasma progesterone concentrations were dramatic decrease before the onset of embryonic death in whole early embryonic death bitches that plasma progesterone concentrations of aborted bitches at late pregnancy were significantly decreased when compared with those of spontaneous delivery bitches. The plasma progesterone concentrations of the hypoluteoidism bitch were lower than those of spontaneous delivery bitches. At the hypoluteoidism bitch, fetuses were resorbed in early pregnancy and aborted in late pregnancy. On the basis of the results, the diagnosis of partial early embryonic death could not be confirmed without ultrasonographic examination. The partial early embryonic death was considered a spontaneous phenomenon and uncorrelated with plasma progesterone concentration. However, aborted bitches and whole early embryonic death bitches were related to plasma progesterone concentrations and that of bitches gradually decreased before fetal death. These findings suggest that administration of progesterone may be a useful preventing agent against fetal death.

A total 5,946 cows from 24 dairy farms were carried out for the improvement of reproductive performance. Dairy cows in post-parturition 30 day were performed periodic reproductive examination to check for recovery of post-parturition ovary and uterus and for the early diagnosis of reproductive disease. The results obtained from this studies were as follow. The result of 1,126 cows with ovario-uterine disease were 579 slient heat and error of estrus detection (51.4%), 296 ovarian disease (26.3%), 248 uterine disease (22%), mummification and freematin were each 1 head (0.1%), respectively. Hormonal therapeutic effects were follicular cyst 81.5%, luteal cyst 90.7%, endometritis 86.9%, mucometra 90.1%, pyometra 60.9%, respectively. In cows, even if the 1st treatment fails, 2nd, 3rd treatment were performed. Therapeutic effect of 2nd, 3rd were reduced, but the number of cured cows were gradually increased. The cured cows after hormonal treatment were performed service repeatedly and the cumulative conception rate were increased. The cows treated with hormones at first service, the conception rate were follicular cyst 26%, luteal cyst 64.1%, endometritis 38.7%, mucometra 40%, pyometra 20.5%, respectively. The cumulative conception rates were increased by repeated service follicular cyst 57.3%, luteal cyst 84.6%, endometritis 67%, mucometra 75%, pyometra 64.1%, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between conception rate and other parameters (body condition score; BCS, progesterone concentrations and follicle size) before estrus induction with . The conception rate in cows with (2.75, 2.75 to 3.25 and 3.25), BCS regardless of AI (artificial insemination) time was 47.5, 67.5% and 48.5% at injection, respectively. The conception rate regardless of BCS was 59.0% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 46.2% in cows inseminated at 72 to 80 hours (timed artificial insemination, TAI) after injection. The conception rate regardless of AI time was 43.0% in cows with low progesterone concentrations (less than 1.0 ng/ml), and 67.5% in cows with high progesterone concentrations (more than 1.0 ng/ml) at injection. The conception rate regardless of progesterone concentrations was 59.9% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 48.1% in cows of TAI after injection. The conception rate regardless of AI time was 36.0% in cows with small dominant follicles (less than 5 mm), 56.0% in cows between 5 mm to 10 mm of follicle size, and 65.5% in cows with large dominant follicles (more than 10 mm) at injection, respectively. The conception rate regardless of follicle size was 57.3% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 47.6% in cows of TAI after injection. These results indicated that if the cows with BCS 2.75 to 3.25, active corpus luteum, and/or large dominant follicle (more than 10 mm) are used for estrus induction, the conception rate will be greater.

This study was carried out the normal serial ultrasonographic appearance of the postpartum uterine involution with small pet bitches. Postpartum changes in uterine shape, architecture, echogenicity and diameter were monitored with ultrasonography in small pet bitches (Miniature Schnauzer, Cocker Spaniel and Shih-tzu). In the Miniature Schnauzer bitches, uterine diameter of the placental sites and interplacental sites were decreased from at 1 day to at 7 day, and at 1 day to at 7 day postpartum. In the Cocker Spaniel, the placental sites and interplacental sites were decreased from at 1 day to at 7 day, and at 1 day to at 7 day postpartum. In the Shih-tzu, the placental sites and interplacental sites were decreased from at 1 day to at 7 day, and at 1 day to at 7 day postpartum. And uterine diameter was no statistically significant difference among bitches (p>0.05). At 67 days, the uterine diameter in Miniature Schnauzer bitches were 6~7 mm both placental and interplacental sites, and the uterine horns showed uniform hypoechoic, tubular structures without enlargement. In present study, the involution of the uterus was completed at 67 days after parturition in Miniature Schnauzer, and 65 days in Cocker Spaniel and the Shih-tzu. There were no significant differences of normal postpartum uterine involution between small pet bitches (p>0.05). In conclusion, the postpartum involution of small pet bitches appeared to be completed normally at 65~67 days after parturition and could be identified by gross findings such as vaginal discharges and ultrasonographic findings of uterine shape and echogenicity.

To investigate the change of vaginal epithelial cell in estrus-induced Shih-tzu bitch, estrus was induced by PMSG (50 IU/kg, for 10 days) and hCG (1,000 IU, on Day 10) in 12 anestrus Shih-tzu bitches. Day-changes of vaginal epithelial cells during the whole period of hormone treatment were investigated in each experimental bitches. The first day of vulvar bleeding and the first day of male acceptant was on days (), and days after the first PMSG treatment. The duration of proestrus and estrus was days, and days. Characteristic features of vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were the high proportion of large intermediate cell, superficial cell, anuclear cell and erythrocyte in proestrus, superficial cell and anuclear cell in estrus, and parabasal cell, small and large intermediate cell, and leukocyte in diestrus, respectively. When it was timed from the first day of PMSG administration (Day 0), the cornification index (CI) was the high proportion in proestrus and estrus. The CI peak was maintained above 80% between Day 11~14 (4 days) and CI showed a peak at Day 12. These results indicated that the 12 Shih-tzu bitches showed positive estrus induction by vaginal smear test and observation of clinical estrus sign.

The specimens from 32 aborted fetus and 274 aborted cows were collected in 168 farms of Chonnam province from 2005 to 2008 and were tested the brucellosis. The results obtained are summarized as follows. In the 32 aborted fetus, bovine brucellosis was detected in 12 heads (37.5%), bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease was detected in 7 heads (19%), ainovirus infection was detected in 1 head (3.1%), and multi-infection of BVD and brucellosis was not detected, respectively. In the 306 cases of aborted fetus and cows, bovine brucellosis was detected in 44 heads (14%). Status of abortion were confirmed in 63 farms (38%) out of 168 farms from June to August. From the point of raising scale, studies found that 128 farms (76%) out of all raised under 20 heads. The incidence of abortion by brucellosis was mainly showed in 30 heads (68.1%) about 151~250 days of gestation. In the result of the 18 farms survey, the causes of infections were detected movement of infected cattle in 5 farms (28%), unknown cause in 12 farms (67%), and recurrence in 1 farm (5%). The results of this study suggest to take an advantage of the prevention and fundamental research for bovine brucellosis in Chonnam province.

Ultrasonographic examination was performed to observe the ultrasonographic image of Korean native cows' normal uterus in condition of in vitro and in vivo. The experiment was done 28 slaughtered cows' uterus using immersed in water in vitro, and 41 healthy breeding cows taken rectal ultrasonography in vivo. Ultrasonographic examination of uterine was taken on the reference of cross section of intercornual ligaments' cranial. Each uterus on the experiments was compared by estrous cycle and ultrasonographic frequency. The uterine structure using ultrasonography was 5 layers of uterine horn in vivo as well as in vitro. Uterine horn was observed to be distinguished from inside to outside as endometrium to inner echogenic layer, circular muscle layer to slightly echogenic elliptical layer, stratum vasculare to central echogenic layer, longitudinal muscle layer to slightly echogenic arched layer, and perimetrium to outer echogenic layer, respectively. According to the observation of uterus related to estrous cycle and ultrasonographic examination, uterine endometrium in vitro was constantly founded irrespective of estrous cycle and ultrasonographic frequency. On the low frequency, endometrium and circular muscle layer in estrus were prone to distinguished than in diestrus. On the high frequency, endometrium and circular muscle layer were always distinguished regardless of estrous cycle. In vivo, uterine endometrium and circular muscle layer were observed regardless of estrus and ultrasonographic frequency. On the low frequency, stratum vasculare and longitudinal muscle layer were not likely to be distinguished in diestrus, but estrus. On the high frequency, stratum vasculare and longitudinal muscle layer were observed regardless of estrous cycle. Also, every uterine structure was easily distinguished on high frequency than low frequency owing to precision of distinction in layers. The difference of results followed by the experiments conditions between in vitro and in vivo was that uterine endometrium and circular muscle layer in diestrus in vitro were difficult to be distinguished and uterine lumen was observed during whole estrous cycle. In vivo, It was founded that the distinction of stratum vasculare and logitudinal muscle layer in diestrus was complicated and uterine lumen was observed during only estrus. In view of the result so far achieved, normal uterine structure divided in 5 layers on ultrasonography was accorded with microscopic organization, uterine structure was likely to be observed during estrus than diestrus, high frequency checkup than low frequency, and uterine endometrium, circular muscle, stratum vasculare was easily observed regardless of estrous cycle and ultrasonographic frequency.

Serial ultrasonography was conducted on Miniature Schnauzer bitches, on purpose to observe the ultrasonographic appearance of normal ovaries and ovarian structures during the estrous cycle. The size of ovaries was increased from on Day-12 (Day-0=ovulation day) to on Day-8 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The ovaries were recognized by its proximity to the caudal renal pole and appeared moderately echogenic oval shape with a smooth contour. The size of follicles was increased from on Day-12 to on Day-0 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The number of follicles was increased from on Day-12 to on Day-0 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The follicles were small anechoic fluid-filled structures in early of proestrus, more increased, and indistinguished from each follicles in late of proestrus. The size of corpora lutea was increased from on Day-0 to on Day-8 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The number of corpora lutea was increased from on Day-0 to on Day-38 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The corpora lutea were small anechoic cavity and thin hyperechoic wall in early of diestrus, became more hyperechoic, and increased homogenous structures. The results of this study would be useful for differential diagnosis between normal and abnormal structures of ovaries.

Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed to establish a prediction table of parturition date in pregnant Maltese, Yorkshire Terrier, Shih-tzu and Miniature Schnauzer bitches. The inner chorionic cavity diameter and fetal head diameter in 45 pregnant bitches were converted retrospectively based on the day of parturition. The data of inner chorionic cavity diameter obtained from Day-44 to Day-25 and fetal head diameter obtained from Day-25 to Day-1 were used to compile a equations of prediction of parturition date. The 70 pregnant bitches with unknown mating time were examined to assess an accuracy of the equations established in this study. And these results were applied to the prediction of parturition date and compared to actual parturition date. The accuracy for parturition date within 0, 1, and 2 days interval using the equations of prediction of parturition date were 64.3%, 22.8% and 12.8%, respectively. The overall accuracy of prediction table of parturition day based on the ICCD and HD was 100% accurate within 2 days. Therefore, the prediction table seems to be a useful tool of the prediction of parturition day in practice.