알파파의 재분화된 식물체로부터 다량의 이차체세포배를 유도하였으며, 이들 체세포배로부터 재분화되는 식물체의 획득빈도를 향상시키기 위하여, 캘러스에서 유래된 배의 형태 및 형태별 유식물 분화 양상에 관한 실험을 수행하였다. 2,4-D 농도에 따라 체세포배의 형성에 차이를 나타내었는데, 생장조절제가 첨가되지 않았거나, 2,4-D가 0.1 m g / ℓ 첨가된 배지에서 형성된 배는 약 57% 이상이 2개의 자엽을 갖은 정상배였으며, 2,4-D 농도가 증가할수록 정상체세포배의 출현빈도는 감소하였고, 2,4-D 4 m g / ℓ 에서는 10%만이 정상배로 나타났다. 배의 형태에 따른 발아율 및 유식물 분화양상을 조사한 결과, 2개의 자엽을 갖는 정상배의 경우는 발아율이 85%로 가장 높았으며, 정상식물체로 발육되는 비율도 80%로 나타났다. 그러나 자엽이 1개 또는 3~4개인 배는 정상적으로 발육되는 식물체의 비율이 10% 이하로 매우 낮았으며, 자엽이 5개인 배와 나팔모양의 배는 정상적인 식물체로 발달하지 못하였다.

In order to improve the cryopreservation by vitrification or slow freezing of nuclear transplant rabbit embryos, the effects of factors affecting embryo cryopreservation such as cryoprotectants, equilibration, cooling rate and post-thaw dilution on post-thaw survial and development were determined using intact embryos of morular stage. And the post-thaw development of nuclear transplanted embryos cryopreserved under the optimal conditions examined was compared between vitrification and slow freezing. The cryoprotectant solution used was ethyleneglycol-ficoll-sucrose (EFS) or ethyleneglycol-poly-vinylpyrrolidone-galactose- I (EPG- I ) for vitrification, and EPG- II for slow freezing. To examine the viability of frozen-thawed embryos, the nuclear transplanted embryos were co-cultured in TCM-199 plus 10% FBS with bovine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC) for 24 hrs and the intact morulae were co-cultured with BOEC for 5 days and 3 days to hatching blastocyst stage in 39 ˚C 5% incubator. The results obtained were as follows: Following vitrification with EFS, the post-thaw development of rabbit morulae to hatching blastocyst was significantly(P<0.05) higher in compacted stage(82.4%) than in early morular stage(60.0%). The post-thaw development of compacted morulae to hatching blastocyst was similarly high in vitrification with EFS(82.4%), EPG- I (85.0%) and in slow freezing with EPG- II (83.3%). Following vitrification with EPG- I, the post-thaw development of intact rabbit morulae to hatching blastocyst was similar as 78.0% and 85.0% in 1-step and 2-step post-thaw dilution, respectively. The post-thaw development of nuclear transplanted rabbit embryos of compacted morulae stage to hatching blastocyst was similarly 43.6% and 40.0% in vitrification with EPG- Iand slow freezing with EPG- II, respectively. These results indicated that the rabbit nuclear transplant and intact embryos of morulae stage could be well cryopreserved with either vitrification or slow freezing procedure.

The aims of this study are to establish a stable isolation method of blastomeres from bovine early embryos and examine their developmental potential in vitro Early embryos were produced by maturation and fertilizaion in vitro of bovine follicular oocytes. Blastomeres were isolated from 2~8-cell embryos in +-, +-free PBS+EDTA after removing the zonae pellucidae Isolated blastomeres were cultured in CZB containing BOEC for upto 240 hpi. Cleavage rates of them were 18.5%(10 /54) in 1 /2 blastomeres, 33.3%(16/48) in 1/4 blastomeres and 34.2%(14 /41) in 1/8 blastomeres, respectively. The rates of blastocystic vesicle formed were 8.7%(4 /46) in 1/2 blastomeres, 26.6% (17/64) in 1/4 blastomeres and 10.3%(8 /78) in 1/8 blastomeres, respectively. Blastomeres developed into various types of blastocystic vesicles and trophoblastic vesicles as evidenced by the Hoechst 33258 staining and morphology. This results suggest that the isolation method used and subsequent culture of isolated blastomeres from bovine early embryos should be useful to obtain extra embryonic cells for various analyses such as PCR and putative ES cell culture.

This study was performed to establish the condition and the methods for the techniques of insertion the isolated blastomere cells into cytoplasm, in order to research the develop-mental ability of bovine embryo blastomere cells in vitro produced. After 24h in vitro ovary maturation with the ovaries from a slaughter house, in vitro fertilization was performed to the vital sperms which their mobility were decided by percoll gradient method, with 2~8 cell stage embryos, the blastomeres were isolated in +. +-free PBS, and following that embedded into agar and alginate solution, respectively. The rates of in vitro develop-ment are as follows ; in agar embedded 11 among 120(9.2%) 1 /2~1 /3 blastomers cleaved and 6 among 93(6.5%) 1 /4~1 /8 blastomeres cleaved. In sodium alginate-embedded 14 among 84(16.7%) 1 /2~1 /3 blastomeres cleaved and 6 among 85(7.1%) 1 /4~1 /8 blastomeres cleaved. In case of Na-alginate, the rate of the cells were better than those of agar. The results suggest that the techniques for embeeding the isolated blastomeres into gel may help cloning of bovine early embryo without nuclear transplantation.

짚시나방(Lymantria dispar)의 배자 발생에 미치는 유약호르몬의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 유약호르몬 유사체인 methoprene을 알에 도포처리(topical treatments)하여 부화율, 부화 유충의 생체량 및 알의 단백질과 탄수화물 함량 변화를 조사하였다. Methoprene 농도별 처리는 부화율에 영향을 미쳐 methoprene 처리군이 대조군(78.5%)에 비해 낮은 부화율을 나타 냈으며 5.0 처리군에서 가장 낮은율(42.5%)을 보여 주었다. 부화 직후 1령 유충의 생체량은 대조군이 0.7525mg으로 가장 높았으며 methoprene 농도 처리 순으로 감소하다가 5.0 처리군에서 0.6487mg으로 최하치를 나타냈다. 처리군별로는 대조군과 0.5 처리군이, 1.0와 2.0 처리군의 생체량이 유사하였다. 배자 발생중 알의 단백질 함량 변화에서 0.5 처리군은 2, 4일째 대조군과 뚜렷한 차이를 나타냈으며, 탄수화물도 대조군에 비해 처리군이 낮은 함량을 유지하였다.