본 연구는 반도체 제품과 설비기술을 대상으로 제품-공정기술 공진화를 교차영향분석(cross impact analysis)을 통해 구체화하고, 공진화 관계를 기술 인텔리전스의 대표적 도구 중 하나인 기술레이더에 통합하는 방법을 제시한다. 교차영향분석을 통해 공정기술 발전과 제품특성 개선이 반복되는 공진화 경로와 축이 되는 세부기술들을 파악했다. 또한 공진화 관계를 기술레이더의 기술가치평가 프로세스에 반영 해 가치평가와 연구개발 포트폴리오의 신뢰성을 제고했다. 학술적 측면에서 기술간 공진화를 세부기술 단위에서 구체화했으며, 기술 공진화 이론과 기술 인텔리전스의 접점을 제시했다는 의미가 있다. 실무적 측면에서는 반도체 관통전극-하이브리드 패키지 제품과 주요 후공정 기술간 공진화 및 기술레이더 분석 실례를 제시하고, 이를 통해 기술간 공진화 관계를 기존 기술전략 및 기획도구에 반영 해 기업의 미래준비역량과 전략기획의 신뢰성을 제고하는 방법을 구체화했다는 점에서 가치가 있다.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an essential step at an anode in electrochemical water-splitting process and requires efficient electrocatalysts to reduce overpotentials. Although precious metal-based materials, such as RuO2, IrO2 and their hybrids with other components, performed excellently as OER electrocatalysts, their high cost has limited practical applications. Consequently, earth-abundant metal components including Fe, Co, and Ni have been investigated as alternatives. In this work, the hybridization of Ni-containing species with conductive carbon-based materials was used to prevent aggregation of active species and improve electrochemical catalytic performance. A new hybrid material composed of NiO nanoparticles and N-doped carbon materials was prepared. The NiO particles with a narrow size distribution were well dispersed on the surface of carbon-based materials. The hybrid showed improved electrocatalytic performance for OER than single components of NiO and N-doped carbon materials.

인간의 편의 향상과 경제성을 앞세운 중국은 수십 년 전부터 도시개발에 대한 환경오염, 도시 외곽지역 재개발 등의 문제가 끊임없이 논의되어 왔다. 이러한 녹지단절이나 종 다양성의 문제를 방지하기 위해 광역적 생태 네트워크가 요구되어지며 공간변동의 파악이 필요하다고 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도시 확산이 빠르게 진행되고 있는 중국 중남부지역 ‘녹심’이라는 대도시권 녹지공간을 중심으로 토지피복도 및 경관 생태지수를 이용하여 시공간적 패턴변화와 경관다양성을 분석하고자 하였다. 1978-2019년의 Landsat 위성사진을 이용하여 ENVI 5.3과 ArcGIS 10.2를 통해 시계열의 경관요소를 유형화하였다. 경관 구조적·기능적 측면에서 객관적인 정량화하는 방법으로 FRAGSTATS를 통하여 경관지수를 정량화하여 산출하였다. 연구결과 1)이 지역의 경관은 1978년부터 오랜기간 토지변화에 따라 자연스럽게 형성되었고, 2)1989-2009년에는 택지개발이나 도로건설에 의해 주로 산림패턴에서 심각하게 파편화를 규명하였으며, 3)1999년 이후 시가지역의 경관지수에 따라 더욱 단순해지고 안정된 상태를 보였다. 4)수역이나 나지의 패치고립도가 높게 나타나고, 경관다양성에 부정적인 영향을 초래하였다. 5)2009년 이후 녹심계획과 함께 경관패턴은 전반적으로 규칙성이 있고 정형화되었다. 이와 같은 생태경관의 가치를 회복하는 것이 지속가능한 도시권 환경을 보전하는 데 가장 바람직할 것이며, 본 연구는 향후 녹심지역에 지속적으로 발전할 수 있는 매우 중요한 기초자료로 기대된다.

The construction of national common language is an important issue in that of modern nation. From ‘Guanhua’ in the late Qing dynasty to ‘Guoyu’ in the republic of China, and then to ‘Putonghua’ in the late Anti-Japanese War and after the founding of new China, these names not only have a close connection but also reflect the different functional differences. Now, the construction of national common language in ethnic areas and the unification of cross-strait languages have become new national strategies. Adopting again ‘Guoyu’ names and assigning new meanings from the perspective of national identity can help to strengthen national identity, promote national unity and cross-strait reunification, and regulate language use.

The modern Chinese copula, 是 shì, had not yet appeared in the oracle bone period. It began to emerge in Zuozhuan (左傳 ), and appeared only when expressing the judgment of complex topics. Based on the observation as such, this paper looks into the demonstrative of 是 shì, and examines its evolution before it becomes a copula. The task takes three steps: first, usages of 是 shì are investigated throughout various time periods; second, characteristics of sentences containing 是 shì are explained according to how it is used; and last, a comparison is made of sentences containing 是 shì in excavated Chu manuscripts in order to determine their properties. What can be, in fact, explained through the analysis of Chu bamboo literature in the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) are the characteristics of the transitional sentence before the development of 是 shì into the copula. First, in the bamboo slips “Sande” from the fifth volumes of “Chu bamboo slips collected in Shanghai Museum”, the object prepositional phrase appears, indicating the transitional phase in which the 是 shì phrase in the first stage advances toward the second one. “Sande” is the literature of the late Warring States Period, and has a V writing section in which the object has been transposed and no '也' has appeared at the same time. Second, apart from the situation in which the first stage is used as a subject, the situation in which the explanation part leads to NP/N fixation can be considered through the object transposition leading to the NP/N fixation of the topic part. Last, given that “邾公華鍾 (哉(載)公眉壽 ，邾邦是保 : Tsp, NP是 V)” is an article of the Spring and Autumn Period, it is estimated that 是 shì had been initially regarded as the object, and the phrase “TNP, NP＋是＋VP/V” was gradually used as a fixture through the process of the analogy and re-analysis. However, it is critical that this view be examined more closely, and therefore, further research is also needed.

MDPS control has been a difficult problem for the past two decades. Though there are many ways to control steering feeling, the MDPS control logic is still being upgraded or developed for steering feel improvement. A new point of view in MDPS is proposed by evolution logic, which is a new driver friendly improvement based on the analysis of driver’s driving pattern. As a result of the application of evolution logic, this paper shows that drivers behaviour effecting factors among MDPS parameters will efficiently lead to customers’ satisfaction.

Based on the nature of "Bu (不)+ N" structure, this paper divides the negative words in pre-Qin Chinese into two categories and five sub-categories according to the distinction of time and space, and combs the evolution of Chinese negative word system from Pre-Qin to modern Chinese. This paper also focuses on two problems: (1) whether "Bu(不) + N" is the negation of noun by the determiner "bu(不)", and whether there is no implied verb between "Bu(不)" and noun, nor is the noun used flexibly as a verb; (2) there are two sources of "MEIYOU(没有)" in modern Chinese, first from the negative sign of noun "WU (无)", then from the negative sign of verb "WEI(未)". Traditionally, the negation words of pre-Qin Chinese are divided into four categories: (1) The "Bu(不)" category, which means simple negation. (2) The"Wei (未)"category, indicating a negative attitude towards the past. (3) The "Fei(非)" category, which conveys negation of judgment. (4) The "Mo(莫)" category, signifying prohibition. Such classification, though comes with a certain degree of rationality, but embraces unscientific elements. For example, the "Bu(不)" category as a notion of simple negation is not a scientific explanation. This paper attempts to apply the research results of negative words in modern Chinese to the study of negative words in ancient Chinese. Professor Nie Renfa聂 仁发 (2001) believes that the time significance of the "Bu(不)" and "Meiyou(没有)" categories in modern Chinese is reflected in the "Object(体)" rather than "time （时）" and summarizes their differences as: "Bu(不)" ：【+Negation】[-Realization] Or“Mei(没)“：【+Negation】[+Realization] Professor Nie”s belief is truly inspirational. Hence we pursue further, by judging from the time elements of the pre-Qin Chinese negation word system, to try to divide them into two main categories as well as five small sub-categories. We shall be deeply obliged to receive feedbacks in any forms as well as criticisms as to determine whether this classification is appropriate, correct and in particular with reference to the negation of judgment as a [-Time elements]; while the negation of the imperatives as a [+Time elements].

The design and fabrication of catalysts with low-cost and high electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have remained challenging because of the sluggish kinetics of this reaction. The key to the pursuit of efficient electrocatalysts is to design them with high surface area and more active sites. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a highly stable and active NiCo2S4 nanowire array on a Ni-foam substrate (NiCo2S4 NW/NF) via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis approach. This NiCo2S4 NW/NF exhibits overpotential as low as 275 mV, delivering a current density of 20 mA cm-2 (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) with a low Tafel slope of 89 mV dec-1 and superior long-term stability for 20 h in 1M KOH electrolyte. The outstanding performance is ascribed to the inherent activity of the binder-free deposited, vertically aligned nanowire structure, which provides a large number of electrochemically active surface sites, accelerating electron transfer, and simultaneously enhancing the diffusion of electrolyte.

The US has huge interests in Hong Kong. In 1992, a few years before China resumed its sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997, the US adopted the U.S.-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992. The keynote of the Act is to enhance the cooperation with and maintain the treatment to Hong Kong. This tune has changed in the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019, which is obviously the response of the US to widespread protests in Hong Kong arising from the Extradition Bill proposed by the Government of Hong Kong SAR. The new law includes several negative elements. It marks a change in the US policy towards Hong Kong and furthermore represents a change in the US policy towards China. The new law should not merely be understood as the US’s support for democracy and human rights in Hong Kong. Instead, it should be considered as a major leverage which the US may maneuver to engage a rising China.

The structural design of arch roofs or bridges requires the analysis of their unstable behaviors depending on certain parameters defined in the arch shape. Their maintenance should estimate the parameters from observed data. However, since the critical parameters exist in the equilibrium paths of the arch, and a small change in such the parameters causes a significant change in their behaviors. Thus, estimation to find the critical ones should be carried out using a global search algorithm. In this paper we study the parameter estimation for a shallow arch by a quantum-inspired evolution algorithm. A cost functional to estimate the system parameters included in the arch consists of the difference between the observed signal and the estimated signal of the arch system. The design variables are shape, external load and damping constant in the arch system. We provide theoretical and numerical examples for estimation of the parameters from both contaminated data and pure data.

Competitiveness of seaport is determined by a range of advantages that was earned by the seaport to attract their respective customers. Competitiveness is essential for seaport to make tactical plans, to maintain and improve their attractiveness among the clients. The imbalance of hinterland connectivity in Malaysian seaports between road and rail affects the efficiency of Malaysian seaports to be at the optimum level of competitiveness. Besides, the increasing of vessel capacity in the world affects the efficiency of seaport operations to accommodate larger container ships. However, nowadays the trends of seaport competitiveness are changing due to the dynamic nature of maritime business. Hence, analysis on the trend on seaport competitiveness is very crucial to plan and execute the operational strategy to achieve optimum benefits from the trade activities. Nevertheless, most of the researches focused on competitiveness trend in the world but no specific research has been conducted at Malaysian seaports in particular. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the evolution of seaport competitiveness in Malaysian seaport from 1970 to 2019 and propose a competitiveness cluster for Malaysian seaport to ease the policy revisiting procedure for future development. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) has been employed in this paper to develop a comprehensive competitiveness cluster for Malaysian seaports to understand the current trend of competitiveness among Malaysian seaports in comparison to the global trend as a key preparation for future demand. IT application, seaport services, supply chain, government policy, connectivity, availability, hinterland accessibility, inland terminal cost, transportation network, operation efficiency and seaport cost are the key components of competitiveness in Malaysian seaports from 1970 until 2019. Findings revealed that there are three clusters in Malaysian seaport competitiveness which are shipping services, seaport and terminal, and government policy.

This study demonstrates that low processing rate for producing polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber is a critical to obtain a homogeneous radial microstructure with high resistance to oxidation, thereby resulting in their improved mechanical strength. The dry-jet wet spun PAN organic fibers were processed (e.g., stabilized and then carbonized) utilizing two different rates; one is 1.6 times longer than the other. The effect of processing rate on the microstructural evolutions of carbon fibers was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy after slow etching in air, as well as Raman mapping after graphitization. The rapidly processed fiber exhibited the multilayered radial structure, which is caused by the radial direction stretching of the extrusion in the spinning. In case of the slowly processed fiber, the layered radial structure formed in the spinning process was changed into a more homogeneous radial microstructure. The slowly processed fibers showed higher oxidation resistance, higher mechanical properties, and higher crystallinity than the rapidly processed one. Raman mapping confirmed that the microstructure developed during spinning was sustained even though fiber was thermally treated up to 2800 °C.