The purpose of this study is to develop correction formulas using the results of measurement by PMS 103, which is a weight method measuring device, and by Dusttrak (TSI, USA), DustMate (Turnkey Instrument Ltd., UK), and LD-5 (SIBATA, Japan), which are light scattering measuring devices. The objective is to evaluate and identify new standards (to develop a proposal) in order to complement the limitations of the existing measurement methods of public transportation vehicle indoor air quality by utilizing the three nephelometer type measuring devices. In the case of non-rush hours, the PMS values were estimated using an estimation regression equation. Statistically, the PMS values that were actually measured were not significantly different (p-value=0.4375, 0.4375, 1.000). With respect to the agreement between the two values, ICC was 0.99 in the case of the estimation regression equation using LD-5 values, 0.97 in the case of the estimation regression equation using Dusttrak values, and 0.84 in the case of the estimation regression equation using DustMate values to allow for the identification of agreement at greater levels. In the case of rush hours, the PMS values were estimated using an estimation regression equation. Statistically, the PMS values that were actually measured were not significantly different (p-value=0.3125, 0.6250, 0.8125). With respect to the agreement between the two values, ICC was 0.92 in the case of the estimation regression equation using LD-5 values, 0.91 in the case of the estimation regression equation using Dusttrak values, and 0.89 in the case of the estimation regression equation using DustMate values to allow for the identification of agreement at greater levels.

Solar energy has been known as a successful alternative energy source, however it requires a large area to build power generation facilities compared to other energy sources such as nuclear power. Weather factors such as rainy weather or night time impact on solar power generation because of lack of insolation and sunshine. In addition, solar power generation is vulnerable to external elements such as changes in temperature and fine dust. There are four seasons in the Republic of Korea hereby variations of temperature, insolation and sunshine are broad. Currently factors that cause find dust are continuously flowing in to Korea from abroad. In order to build a solar power plant, a large area is required for a limited domestic land hereby selecting the optimal location for the plant that maximizes the efficiency of power generation is necessary. Therefore, this research analyze the optimal site for solar power generation plant by implementing analytic hierarchy process based on weather factors such as fine dust. In order to extract weather factors that impact on solar power generation, this work conducts a case study which includes a correlation analysis between weather information and power generation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of airborne particulate matter and heavy metals in the houses of the respiratory tract disease patients and a control group of residents in the city of Gwangyang. The particulate matter was measured using a mini-volume air sampler and then weighed three times using a micro balance to calculate the weighted average value. The heavy metals in the particulate matter were extracted using a hot plate and analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometer. The average concentration of particulate matter in the outdoor air (34.478 μm/m3) was higher than that in the indoor air (16.794 μm/m3), showing a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The average concentration of copper, manganese and chromium in the indoor and outdoor air were higher in the houses of those in the study group than those of the control group. In addition, there was a generally high correlation between particulate matter in the outdoor air and heavy metals in the indoor and outdoor air concentration (p<0.05).

A single-stage electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was evaluated in terms of its performance in removing dust in subway tunnels. A wire-to-plate type ESP was tested in a small-scale wind tunnel. The effects of wire-to-wire spacing (2040 mm) and the material connecting wire-to-wire on the performance of ESP were investigated, with varying applied voltage and airflow velocity. A narrower wire-to-wire spacing showed higher collection efficiency at the same applied voltage. Lower electrical resistivity of material connecting wire to wire was more effective. Ozone generation in subway tunnel applications was insignificant.

This study measured the particulate matter (PM) in a subway tunnel using a dust spectrometer and estimated the PM10 and PM2.5 using a Kriging method. For the hourly measurement, a probe was attached inside the cabin and put through the window to collect data from the outside. The Kriging method is a spatial analysis method, and time and spatial data were applied in the subway tunnel along with a PM concentration map. The result of the measurement shows that PM10 is 31.9~271.3 μg/m3 and PM2.5 is 30.9~209.5 μg/m3. In addition, The pollutant map shows that some sections have a higher concentration than other sections because of the depth and curvature of tunnel and traffic volume on the section and local construction. Also, the results show that differences concentration at different times of sampling could be distinguished. The highest concentration was found at 3 pm while the lowest was at 12 pm. We expect to use the pollutant map in planning air quality improvements for the tunnel.

During periods where a fine dust watch was announced, we measured particulate matter by the light scattering method and the gravimetric method in accordance with the application of an air cleaner in 3 homes. The first investigation showed a lower indoor particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentration distribution than normal when there was a fine dust warning. Also, it was found that the result of the second research was similar to the first research, and was the effect of an air cleaner. The result of a comparison of black carbon (BC) concentration in accordance with an air cleaner at one room showed a lower concentration distribution than normal, as in the first and the second research when there was a fine dust warning. PM2.5 risk reduction effect showed 9.09E-5 (light scattering method) ~ 9.37E-5 (Gravimetric method) and 1.71E-4 (Light scattering method) ~ 1.76E-4 (Gravimetric method). Therefore, it was found that when there was a fine dust watch without ventilation, if air cleaner with the proper capacity is used and the influx of outside air reduced, the harmful effects of the fine dust can be lessened.

Calpuff 역모델링 기법을 이용해 산출된 자료는 오염물질 발생량을 예측할 수 있으며, 여러 가지 자료 비교를 통해 감축 가능성 및 목표 수립이 가능해졌다. 본 연구에서는 동해항 주변지역을 대 상으로 Calpuff 역모델링 기법을 이용하여 대기 중 미세먼지 저감량 설정하기 위한 기초자료 구축에 목 적을 두었으며, 모델링을 이용한 동해항을 포함한 5개 지역 배출농도 산출결과는 다음과 같다. 대기환경기준인 50 ㎍/㎥을 적용하여 대상 지역별 허용배출량 산출 결과 site-D에서 가장 많은 4.95 ㎍/㎡·S의 배출량 저감이 요구되었으며, 4.95 ㎍/㎡·S의 배출량을 감소시킬 경우 영향예측지점(동해하수 종말처리장)의 PM10 평균 예측농도는 42.6 ㎍/㎥로 감소될 것으로 나타났다. site-A(동해항)에서 배출되는 오염물질만을 적용하여 모델링 진행 결과 동해항 주변 민가의 기여농도 는 평균 40~50 ㎍/㎥으로 나타났으며, 배경농도를 고려하면 대기환경기준인 50 ㎍/㎥을 상회 할 것으 로 예상됨에 따라 더 이상의 오염물질 배출량은 허용되지 않을 것으로 판단된다. site-B는 상가와 나대지로 차량 통행과 나대지에서 비산되는 먼지로 인해 0.11 ㎍/㎡·S의 배출량 저감 이 요구되었으며, site-C와 E는 오염물질 저감량은 발생하지 않았으나 지속적인 관리가 요구된다.

이 연구에서는 중등학교에서 사용할 수 있는 미세먼지 포집 장치를 직접 설계 및 제작하고 이를 통해 미세먼지에 포함된 중금속 및 미생물을 분석하는 활동이 가능한지 여부를 탐색하고자 한다. 중등학교 현장의 과학 탐구활동을 위해 청주지역에서 미세먼지를 포집하는 방법과 그 속에 포함된 중금속 및 미생물을 분석하였다. 미세먼지의 포집장소는 청주지역 대학교의 4층 건물 옥상에서 포집하였다. 모터 펌프, 인넷, 지름 1.0μm 테프론필터, 필터 홀더 등을 이용하여 포집장치를 제작하였다. 이 포집장치를 이용한 미세먼지 포집은 2013년 12월-2014년 6월까지 진행하였다. 포집한 미세먼지의 중금속 성분과 미생물 포함 여부를 분석하였다. 중국에서 날아온 미세먼지 속에는 Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb 등인위적인 오염물질로 판단되는 중금속 성분이 국내 기원 미세먼지 보다 많았다. 더 나아가, 미세먼지 속에는 중금속 뿐만 아니라, 곰팡이나 세균같은 미생물도 다량 포함하고 있었다. 이 연구는 미세먼지가 중금속 뿐만아니라 미생물도 포함하고 있으므로, 이에 대한 체계적인 연구와 모니터링이 필요함을 시사한다고 할 수 있다. 또한, 이 연구는 중등학교 과학실험의 사례로 제공될 수 있다.

This study investigated the emission characteristics of airborne particles and bacteria from six types of household vacuum cleaners in the closed chamber. A test cleaner without HEPA filter was examined focusing on the first one minute of initial operation, observing significant generation of airborne particles, and especially for particle size of 0.5 to 2.5 μm, the generation rate increased up to 68.5 × 103 particles/min. Concentrations of airborne particles and bacteria depends on the production year, the motor power, and the dust filter efficiency of the vacuum cleaner. The observed results should be taken into consideration in the design of the vacuum cleaner as well as how they are operated in indoor environment.

This study tried to survey air quality inside and outside the schools where are located in about 5km of industrial complex targeting aldehyde, PM10, PM2.5. Also, the aim was also to examine both a change in indoor air after 3 years and within 3 years of addition and improvement, and a change according to season. It collected specimens at totally 20 places. Aldehyde was analyzed through HPLC. PM10 and PM2.5 were measured by using Met One 831. Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde were detected with 42.1 μg/m3 and 5.7 μg/m3 at the school where is located inside 5km of the industrial complex, and were detected with 55.0 μg/m3 and 6.8 μg/m3 at the school where is located outside 5 km. This could be confirmed to have been detected more highly in the indoor air than the outdoor air regardless of the distance from the industrial complex. Most substances were indicated to be higher by about 150% in the indoor air within 3 years than the indoor air following 3 years of addition and improvement. However, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured with 32.6 μg/m3 and 14.9 μg/m3 after 3 years and were gauged with 22.4 μg/m3 and 14.2 μg/m3 within 3 years. Seeing a seasonal change, Formaldehyde and Propionaldehyde were detected with 5.5 μg/m3 and 1.0 μg/m3 in spring, 7.7 μg/m3 and 1.6 μg/m3 in summer, and 8.3 μg/m3 and 1.9 μg/m3 in autumn. This could be confirmed the tendency of growing according to season.

대기 공기질에 대한 국민적 관심이 높아짐에 따라 포장도로나 비포장도로에서 차량의 주행에 의해 발 생하는 도로 재비산 먼지를 줄이기 위한 노력이 이루어지고 있으며, 이에 따라 도로 재비산 먼지의 농도 와 특성을 조사 및 관측하는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 도로 상에 분포되어 있는 미세먼지는 각종 차량의 주 행에 의해 재비산되어 대기 중의 미세먼지 농도를 증가시킬 수 있으므로, 재비산 먼지의 농도를 실시간으 로 측정하여 도로의 정비와 청소의 근거 자료로 활용하고 있다. 따라서 도로 재비산 먼지를 효과적으로 측정하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 도로 재비산 먼지의 측정 효율에 영향을 주는 요소로는 측정차량의 속도, 샘플링 유량, 그리고 측정을 위한 샘플링 입구의 위치 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 도로 상황에 따른 측정차 량의 다양한 속도를 고려하여 도로 재비산 먼지가 효과적으로 흡인되도록 하는 샘플링 입구의 위치 선정 에 관한 수치해석 연구를 진행하였다. CFD 해석을 위한 상용 코드인 FLUENT를 사용하였고, 도로 재비산 먼지의 측정에 실제 사용되고 있는 측정차량을 모사하여 측정차량 주위의 공기 유동을 해석하였다. 차량의 주행 속도를 고려하여 차량 전면 부로부터 일정한 속도의 기류가 불어오는 것으로 가정하였다. 또한, moving boundary 조건의 설정을 통 해 차량의 주행에 따른 바퀴의 회전과 도로면의 차량에 대한 상대적 이동을 구현하였다. 회전하는 바퀴 주변의 압력계수를 시뮬레이션을 통해 예측하여 이를 기존 문헌의 실험 결과와 비교함으로써 본 연구에서 채택한 시뮬레이션 방법의 정확성을 검증하였다. FLUENT에 내장되어 있는 DPM(Discrete Phase Models) 코드를 사용하여 도로 재비산 먼지의 이동 경로를 예측하였다. 측정차량의 주행에 따른 바퀴와 도로면의 마찰에 의해서 도로상의 먼지 또는 타이어 마모 먼지가 비산되는 것으로 가정하였고, 차량의 바 퀴와 도로면의 마찰부에서부터 입자가 어떠한 경로로 공기 중에서 이동하는 지 파악하였다. 도로 재비산 먼지의 이동 경로 해석 결과로부터 도로 재비산 먼지가 가장 많이 지나가는 위치를 파악하 고, 이를 토대로 하여 도로 재비산 먼지를 효과적으로 측정하기 위한 샘플링 입구의 위치를 제안하였다. 추후에 실험을 진행하여 제안된 샘플링 위치가 적절한 지 여부에 대해 시뮬레이션 결과와 비교하여 보완 할 예정이다.

대기오염의 심각성이 대두되면서 포장도로 혹은 비포장도로에서 발생되는 재비산 먼지의 농도 측정값 은 도로의 정비 및 청소의 근거 자료로 사용되며 대기의 공기질을 향상시키기 위한 개선책을 마련하는데 중요한 자료로 활용된다. 도로에서 재비산되는 먼지의 농도 측정은 도로 조건에 따라 변하는 측정차량의 속도, 측정 샘플링 입구의 위치, 샘플링 유량 등 다양한 변수의 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는, 도로 상황 에 따라 변하는 측정차량의 속도에 관계없이 효과적인 샘플링이 될 수 있도록 하는 등속흡인장치의 평가 를 수치해석 방법으로 진행하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 등속흡인장치의 입구는 도로 재비산 먼지를 흡입하기 위한 샘플링 라인과 연결되 어 있고, 측정차량의 속도에 따라 등속흡인장치로 유입되는 공기의 유량이 변하게 된다. 등속흡인장치 내 로 유입된 공기는 2단으로 분리되어 등속흡인장치를 빠져나간다. 즉, 도로 재비산 먼지의 농도를 측정하 기 위해 3 L/min의 유량은 등속흡인장치의 가운데에 위치한 중심관을 통해 에어로졸 측정 장비로 유입되 고, 나머지 유량은 후단의 관을 통해 등속흡인장치를 빠져나게 된다. 이 때, 등속흡인 조건을 만족하기 위 해 중심관의 입구 위치가 측정차량의 속도, 즉 총 샘플링되는 유량의 변화에 맞추어 이동하게 된다. 유동의 높은 레이놀즈 수와 등속흡인장치의 형상을 고려하고 standard κ-ε turbulence model을 이 용하여 등속흡인장치 내에서의 유동의 특성을 해석하였다. 이후 유동해석 결과를 바탕으로 하여 입자의 거동을 해석하였다. 유동 해석과 입자 거동 해석을 통해 분석한 결과, 측정차량의 속도 변화에 따라 중심 관의 위치가 선형적으로 변하며 측정차량의 속도가 20km/h부터 35km/h까지 변할 때 등속흡인장치 내에 서 등속 흡인이 가능한 것으로 평가되었다.

This study was conducted to analyze dust mite allergen and bacterial endotoxin concentrations in the subwaycabins. For this aim, we sampled dust using a vacuum cleaner on cabin seats of subway trains operating in threeSeoul Metro Lines from April to May in 2011. The concentration of dust mite allergen and endotoxin were1,137.51±806.26ng/g and 5,742.1(4.68)EU/g, respectively. While, the concentration of dust mite allergen washigher on cabin seats of subway trains in Line B(1,487.61±930.59ng/g) than on those of trains in Lines A andC(641.9±398.3 and 1,344.9±822.4ng/g). All measurements did not exceed the National Workshop Guidelineof 2,000ng/g. While, bacterial endotoxin concentration [GM (GSD)] was higher on cabin seats of subway trainsin Line A [12,373.21(4.97EU/g)] than on those of trains in Line B and C8,520.77(3.98) and 1,631.43(1.88)EU/g. Dust mite allergen concentrations were strongly influenced by the portion of underground (on the subway line)and endotoxin concentrations were significantly correlated with the number of passengers using the subway lines.Seats for seniors and the week showed relatively higher concentrations compared to seats for general passengers.But, no significant difference of dust mite allergen and endotoxin concentrations in the subway cabins was foundrelating to seat type (p=0.451, p=0.564). There was no correlation between the dust mite allergen levels andendotoxin levels in the subway cabins (p=0.439).

The indoor air quality in public facilities has been well maintained as consciousness of facility owners is improved.However, the risk of PM2.5 and heavy metals in particulate matters have not been highlighted until now. So weinvestigated the particulate matters on major public transportation facilities such as subway, port and bus terminals.And we tried to figure out the characteristics of each facility groups by comparing the mass and metal concentrationbetween PM2.5 and PM10. As a results, the correlation between concentration of indoor particulate matters andthat of outdoor particulate matters shows higher strength in the case of bus terminals and port platforms thansubway platforms. However the total concentration of particulate matters and heavy metals were much higher insubway platforms than that of terminals and port platforms.

The current interest in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is mainly due to its effect on human health.Exposure to outdoor PM is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects. Indoor air contains a complexmixture of bioaerosols such as bacteria, fungi and allergens. Children are known to be more susceptible tothe exposures of PM and bioaerosols which are represented by airborne bacteria, fungi, and allergens. Thisstudy is to assess concentrations of the atmospheric PM and bioaerosols indoors and outdoors at 15 daycarecenters for children located in Seoul. Particles were measured indoors and outdoors with automatic particlemonitoring using beta radiation absorption. Airborne bacteria and fungi were sampled by Anderson sampler.Analysis shows that average indoor PM10 was 95.7µg/m³ (SD 26.6µg/m³) and average level of airbornebacteria and fungi were 575.0CFU/m³ (SD 431.6CFU/m³) and 77.9CFU/m³ (SD 45.6CFU/m³), respectively.Finally, efficient ventilation and effective air cleaning strategies are necessary to reduce indoor concentrationsof particles and bioaerosols.