Diet and temperature are the two most critical environmental factors affecting life-history traits in insects, but the combined effects of these factors have been rarely investigated. In this study, various life-history traits were recorded from adult and larval Drosophila melanogaster fed on one of eight synthetic diets differing in protein:carbohydrate ratio (P:C=1:16, 1:8, 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, or 8:1) under one of six ambient temperatures (13, 18, 23, 28, 31, or 33oC). The patterns of adult and larval life-history traits expressed across 48 diet-by-temperature combinations were visualized using thin-plate spline technique and the presence of any significant linear, quadratic, and correlational effects of diet and temperature on trait expressions was analyzed using a second-order polynomial multiple regression. Life-history traits exhibited qualitatively different responses to variations in both diet and temperature, with the maximal expression of each trait being achieved at a completely divergent region of the diet-temperature fitness landscape. In adult females, for example, lifespan was maximized at P:C 1:16 under 13oC, but fecundity was maximized at P:C 4:1 under 28oC. These results provide empirical support for the emerging notion that environmental factors, such as diet and temperature, can mediate life-history trade-offs in insects.

Correlated evolution of biology and morphology of related organs of insects is an intriguing yet poorly understood topic. Gigantic member of phytophagan, the subfamily Cerambycinae provide us a unique opportunity to understand the topic because they have wide range of host plants, oviposition strategies and various forms of ovipositors. The evolutionary pathway of these traits is totally unknown because no robust internal phylogeny has been studied. Here we construct a multilocus phylogeny of Cerambycinae (134 taxa, 9 gene regions, 5211bp) focusing on wide range of oviposition strategies, host plant and ovipositor length. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses show that shortened ovipositor in Cerambycinae evolved at least four times independently; host plant use evolved from stressed hosts to dead and living host, broad leaved trees to conifer and herbaceus plants. Continuous mapping of ancestral state reconstruction shows extremely shortened ovipositor evolved independently at least four times. The correlated evolution test revealed the only correlation is between the ovipositor length and the oviposition strategy. This study unveiled the complex evolutionary history of ovipositor, oviposition strategy, host plant usage and their correlation within Cerambycinae for the first time.

In the U.S. restaurant industry where businesses struggle for survival, differentiation is considered key for success. However, there is limited research on measuring how unique or exotic a specific restaurant cuisine is perceived, since such perceptions vary by markets. In this paper, authors utilize digital geolocation history from social media records of restaurant visits across 40 types of restaurants in Chicago and San Francisco, and a two parameter Item Response Theory model to identify a) restaurants that are unique and considered more or less “difficult” to get to, and b) visitors who have more or less diverse palates. Further, palate diversity is explained by user demographics, restaurant selection criterion and behavior. Managerial implications and limitations are discussed.

엘리아데의 종교 현상학에서 성스러움은 초역사적 개념이지만 역사와 전혀 무관하지 않다. 왜냐하면 성스러움은 여러 역사적 조건에 의해서 제약되기 때문이다. 하지만 엘리아데에 따르면 성스러움은 역사적 조건을 뛰어넘는 종교 현상의 핵심적 상수이다. 따라서 엘리아데의 종교 연구의 목표는 여러 종교 현상들에서 성스러움이 드러나는 일반적인 패턴을 찾아내는 것이다. 본 논문에서 필자 의 관심은 엘리아데의 성스러움의 변증법이 그의 유대-기독교 서사를 해석하는 데서 어떻게 해석학적 원리로 작동하는지를 탐구하는 것이다. 엘리아데는 유대- 기독교 서사가 순환론적 역사 이해를 극복하고 직선적 역사 이해를 제시하고 있다고 평가함과 동시에 그 역사 자체가 창세기 1-11장의 성스러운 역사를 여러 상징을 매개로 반복하고 있음을 주장한다. 또한 그는 성스러운 역사의 전개는 성스러움의 변증법에 지배를 받고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 하지만 그는 유대- 기독교 전통의 한 특징적 요소인 믿음이라는 범주가 유대교와 기독교 역사의 형성에서 추동력이었음에도 주목하고 있다.

본 논문은 기업의 사회적 책임에 대해서 설명하고 있다. 사회적 질(Social quality)이 높은 국가일수록 기업의 사회적 책임에 대한 의식이 높다. 현재 한국의 기업들이 CSR(Corporate Social Responsibilty)에 대해서 많은 관심을 갖고 실천하고 있다. 한국의 기업생태계가 사회적 책임을 요구하고 이러한 사회적 책임을 통하여 기업생태계가 더 풍요롭고 건강해지고 있는 것이다. 한국 기업 중에서 사회적 책임에 대한 관심을 갖고 실천하고 있는 대표적 기업 중 하나인 유한양행 사례를 SPICE(Society, Partner, Investor, Customer, Employee) 모형에 기초해서 분석하고 있다. 본 논문은 이 유한양행 사례를 통하여 기업이 사회적 책임을 갖고, 기업생태계적 접근을 하면 사회 속에서 경영성과를 이루고 각 구성원들도 건강하고 풍요로울 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

One of the key components to determine polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performances is a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), the representative PEM material is perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers. PFSA ionomers such as Nafion®and 3M® ionomers have been widely used as PEM materials for fuel cells owing to their excellent chemical inertness and high proton conductivity. Generally, polymeric materials are highly influenced by the membrane fabrication histories including casting solvents, thermal annealing temperature and time, when they are converted in the membrane forming process. In this study, 3M PFSA ionomer membranes were systematically prepared under different fabrication histories. Their morphological contribution on fundamental characteristics, transport behavior, and electrochemical performances were disclosed.

During the 1950s, the North Koreans rebuilt their capital—Pyongyang—as a modern city under the principle of Soviet urban design. One North Korean architect, Kim Jung-hee, has been widely credited since the late 1980s as the master architect of the General Plan of the city’s reconstruction. While Kim Jung-hee played a crucial role in its reconstruction, his heroic image as the founding architect of Pyongyang is considerably attributed to North Korea’s mythical narratives rather than his historical activities. This paper argues that Pyongyang’s postwar urban design was not a work made by a single actor, Kim Jung-hee; rather, it was a long-term collaborative project in which a team of North Korean architects and Soviet technical advisors took their respective roles. Beginning in the late 1980s, North Korea, which had been struggling with economic decline and an increasing sense of lagging behind in its rivalry with its Southern counterpart, used heroic narratives during the 1950s’ postwar reconstruction period as an important propaganda tool for their regime. In this mythical narrative of Pyongyang’s reconstruction, massive economic and technical aid from other communist countries has often disappeared, and the memory of the architects who contributed greatly to the reconstruction but later purged in North Korea have also completely vanished. Kim Jung-hee, meanwhile, remained in this epic as the founding architect who rebuilt the city in faithful accordance with the leadership of Kim Il Sung.

Protein and carbohydrate are two major macronutrients that exert profound influences over fitness in many insects, including Drosophila melanogaster. Until recently, most studies examining the impacts of these macronutrients on various life-history traits in this species have used semi-synthetic diets that are not nutritionally well-defined. Here we used chemically defined diets to examine the patterns of larval and adult traits expressed across 34 diets systematically varying in the ratio and concentration of protein and carbohydrate. The shapes of the nutritional landscapes plotted for all larval and adult traits differed significantly from one another. Diverging nutritional optima identified for these landscapes suggest that D. melanogaster cannot maximize the expression of all life-history traits simultaneously, thus leading them to face a nutrient-dependent life-history trade-off.

Evolutionary relationship between ovipositior and oviposition behaviour in insect is an intriguing yet poorly understood topic. Gigantic member of phytophagan, the subfamily Cerambycinae provide us a unique opportunity to understand the topic because they have diversified but specialized host plants, oviposition strategies and ovipositors. The evolutionary pathway of these traits is totally unknown because no robust internal phylogeny of Cerambycinae has been studied. Here we construct a multi-locus phylogeny of Cerambycinae (134 taxa, 9 gene regions, 5211bp) focusing on wide range of oviposition site, host plant and ovipositor length. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses show some general trends in cerambycine evolution: i) host plant use evolved from stressed broad leaved trees to conifers and herbaceus plants; ii) oviposition site evolved from bark crevice to wood fissure or plant surface; iii) extremely shortened and elongated ovipositor independently evolved at least four times, respectively. Correlated evolution test show that ovipositor length and oviposition strategy evolved with very strong correlation, while any of other two traits did. This study unveils the complex evolutionary history of ovipositor, oviposition site, host plant use and their correlation within Cerambycinae for the first time.

반날개과는 기록된 모든 생물분류군 가장 큰 과로 전 세계 3,870속 63,137종이 기록되어 있다. 이들은 바닷속과 남극 대륙을 제외한 모든 대륙과 서식처에서 발견이 되며, 다양한 종 수 만큼이나 다양한 서식환경과 먹이를 가진다. 한국산 반날개는 1886년 Kolbe에 의해 처음으로 곳체반날개(Paederus gottschei)가 세상에 알려졌으며, 일제 강점기를 거치며 20여 종이 더 알려졌다. 그 후 1990년까지는 단편적인 기록 외에 별다른 분류학적 진전은 없었다. 1990년도에 들어서야 국내에 반날개를 전문으로 하는 연구자들이 양성되어 이때부터 체계적인 전문가의 양성과 종발굴이 이루어졌다. 하지만 여전히 반날개과는 국립생물자원관에서 지정한 제1순위 미개척분류군이며, 그 잠재적 다양성을 고려한다면 더 많은 연구자의 양성이 필요한 실정이다. 그 중 개미사돈아과, 이끼벌레아과 등 여전히 연구성과나 인력양성이 매우 미흡한 분류군들이 존재한다. 이번 발표로 이러한 한국산 반날개의 분류사와 현재 연구상황 및 앞으로 방향에 대해 논해보고자 한다.