The subject of this paper is the language usage within legal discourse, with the corpus sourced from the legislation of the People’s Republic of China. Zhang Deming (1989) believes that “register is a scientific term in the category of language stylistics, a ‘functional style’ of language formed due to different communicative functions of language use. This system has a series of commonalities in linguistic materials (elements) and rhetorical methods, and there are a series of differences and corresponding patterns between different systems.” According to his view, the legal register has distinctive features which differ from other registers. This paper describes and interprets the syntactic, lexical, and register aspects of legal discourse, along with the linguistic style inherent in legal language.

In this paper, the conceptual spaces of the diachronic semantic evolution of “gen” are constructed through the diachronic literature surveys, then the cross-dialect/language semantic maps are drawn as a tool to examine the rationality of the diachronic evolution. “Gen (跟)” is an action verb with the meaning of “following (跟隨)”, in Chinese history the dominant words with the semantic field of “following” have experienced the diachronic evolution of “cong (從)”, “sui (隨)” and “gen (跟)”. The development of these three words not only follows the law of parallel grammaticalization, but also each has its own feature. From the comparison diachronic and cross-dialect /language semantic map of the “following (跟隨)” meaning, it can be seen that, non-cognate words with family characteristics may also have the same semantic evolution. Some phenomena in the synchronic regional semantic maps that violate the “semantic map connectivity hypothesis”, may not be due to the complete lack of connection between the two nodes, but due to the choice of semantics of a specific symbolic form in the diachronic development.

Language is the carrier of a nation’s culture and contains a wealth of cultural information. The origin of a name is the reason why something is named, which is closely related to the cultural concept of people in the time when the word was created. Therefore, it is possible to explore the cultural information behind the words by examining their origins. Qi Min Yao Shu is one of the four major agricultural books of ancient China and is known as the “Encyclopedia of Agriculture in Ancient China”. We selected four typical terms in Qi Min Yao Shu, farming tools, farming actions, farming places, and water conservancy facilities, and conducted an extensive cognate word association of these terms. On this basis, we explore the characteristics of the naming rationale of these farming words and interpret the cultural concepts in them. The study finds that the naming rationale of these words reflects the ancient “agricultural-oriented” thought, which is reflected in both farming practice and emotion. Secondly, the naming rationale of these words also contains the cultural concept of the ancient people’s pursuit of the unity of heaven, earth, things and people, that is, to accurately understand and use the objective laws of heaven, earth and things. Lastly, What is more profound is the philosophical thinking of the ancient people on the relationship between man and nature, which is reflected in the naming rationale of these words, reflecting the ancient people’s feelings of reliance on and reverence for nature, and reflecting the philosophical concept of “the unity of nature and human”.

The research aims to identify vocabulary meaning of “resentment” in Chinese and Korean language. For this, words were extracted, meaning “resentment” in 『A Dictionary of Modern Chinese Usage』, 『A Dictionary of Modern Reverse Chinese Usage』, and 『The Korean Standard Unabridged Dictionary』 published by The National Institute of the Korean Language. Through analysis of these words, distributions by parts of speech and types of word formation were analyzed. The results are as follows: in Chinese, the meaning of “resentment” are the most common in verbs, followed by nouns and adjectives. On the other hand, nouns includes the most “resentments” words, followed by verbs and adjectives. In terms of word formation, most of the Chinese “resentment” vocabulary are compound words; their internal structure mainly consist of verbs and objectives, or modifier and nouns. On the contrary, in case of Korean language, compound nouns and derivative verbs are the most common. Finally, in respect of representative vocabulary of “resentment”, metaphor concept for “resentment” in Chinese and Korean language are in the following: both Chinese and Korean words conceptualize the meaning of “water, red, fire (or heat or hot vapor), thing, food, climate, and weapon.” However, conceptualizing as “plant” appears in only Korean language, and as “letter” and “dangerous animal” in only Chinese language.

Even though Summary of Chinese Historical Lexicology by Jiang Shao Yu is the most important theoretical achievement both of Chinese lexicology in general and of the contemporary one, there are some points to be discussed in a more detailed manner. Of them is that of the absolute synonym such as ‘zhou’ (舟) and ‘chuan’ (船). Considering it worth discussing, this paper holds that ‘chuan’ (船) began in the early and middle stage of Warring States Period, not in the late one of it. For, the use cases of ‘chuan’ (船) in the literature of the middle and late stage of Warring States Period increased, and the frequency ratio of ‘zhou’ (舟) and ‘chuan’ (船) changed in those stages. They are general synonyms rather than absolute synonyms because the former means not merely the boat but also the big boat as in ‘long zhou’ (龍 舟), ‘da zhou’ (大舟) and ‘ju zhou’ (巨舟). Instead of ‘zhou’ (舟) itself referring to the big boat, the meaning of ‘zhou’ (舟) is still the boat, and ‘zhou’ (舟) and ‘chuan’ (船) constitute synonyms in the meaning of the boat, which indicates that the meaning of size comes from its modifying elements.

Zheng Su Wen is an important colloquial dictionary written by Hao Yixing in the Qing Dynasty. It is the part of foreign words in the last two volumes that specially makes significantly differences from other dictionaries which also specialized in collecting common words. At present, its value has been found, but comprehensive description and investigation are still rare. Therefore, this paper makes a detailed survey of the two volumes of collected words and described them from the basic situation, regional distribution, vocabulary source and historical stages. And it also observes Hao’s interpretation, citation and textual research of foreign words, so as to summarize their characteristics which are as follows: firstly, these foreign words are influenced by regions and Buddhist culture; secondly, bibliography of these words covers a wide range of both Chinese history and domestic and foreign regions; thirdly, Kangxi Dictionary may closely be related to them. Lastly, this paper divides words into two categories according to whether the dictionary and other dictionaries are included as a judgment standard. Some words should be emphasized in the future, while some words should also be supplemented and demonstrated.

본고는 2015 개정 교육과정이 개발되고 있는 현 시점에서 한문과 교육과정 ‘어휘’ 관련 내용과 적용의 실제 사이에서 발생할 수 있는 간극을 최소화하기 위해, 2010학년도 본수능부터 2016학년도 6월 모의평가까지의 평가 문항을 중심으로 그간 한문과에서 실시된 ‘어휘’ 관련 평가 문항의 내용 요소와 내용 요소별 평가 유형 등을 분석하였다. 그 결과 그간 대학수학능력시험에서 출제된 어휘 관련 평가 문항들은 한자 어휘와 관련된 다양한 평가 요소를 고루 반영하고 있으며, 그 유형도 변화를 거듭하여 다양한 유형으로 안착된 상태였다. 하지만 급변하는 교육 환경 속에서 한문과가 위상을 공고히 하면서 발전해 나가기 위해서는 현재 상태에 안주할 것이 아니라 끝임 없이 새로운 평가 요소를 개발하고 해당 요소에 적합한 유형의 문항을 출제할 필요가 있다.

The country which writes a Chinese most plentifully from current whole world will be Taiwan and China (continent). 'The taiwan' with 'continent' original “same race and east it sees, as the fuselage” all Beijing word meaning foundation makes. From 1949 after the both eyes (Taiwan and China) which about 60 year for is almost discontinued a big development were to the social economy and the cultural reform from beriberi they brought. About 50 the time of year flowed and part Chinese of Taiwan with the Chinese which from China (continent) is used from change process the actual condition which is expressed different appeared. Taiwan and China (continent) about 60 were year and during old time were discontinued 1986 to become, it stood and it allowed the Chinese relative visit or an investment of the Taiwan compatriots. The traffic of the both eyes develops continuously with the opportunity which will reach, when about 60 year for it was discontinued, sometimes from the difference of the use vocabulary back perplexity did the both eyes compatriots be. Are like that the specialists of the both eyes comparative study is various from vocabulary, use and pronunciation back various direction of the both eyes. It listened in recent times and it came and “the Chinese studying hot blast” happened from whole world and the foreigners frequently Taiwan and China (the continent) clearly does not divide the difference of Chinese the actual condition occurred. The actual both eyes from basic one e bottle sound notation of Chinese the difference is appearing from pronunciation, vocabulary and the grammatical back about under starting. The research which it sees relationship of this both eyes of the Chinese studying sleeping field of the inside and outside of the country about under including is dawned the difference and the cause of language and vocabulary actual condition the man with underdeveloped genital organ the objective of the place where it does is. The place where the nations which are to the situation where the situation is similar research a vocabulary change and a difference compared to further Taiwan and China (the continent) the reference becomes wishes in the comparative study which relates with a vocabulary change and a difference.

스웨덴 룬드대학은 중국어 교육의 주요 기지이며, 중문과 전공의 초급 단계 학 생들은 중국어 교육에 있어서 10년이 넘게 『初級漢語』라는 자신들이 편찬한 교 재를 사용함으로써 학습 동기를 유발하고, 스웨덴어와 중국어를 서로 참고할 수 있도록 하였다. 통계에 따르면, 『漢語水準詞彙與漢字等級大綱』의 갑급 단어와 비교해 본 결 과, 약 41%의 갑급 단어가 『初級漢語』에 보이지 않는다. 『初級漢語』의 단어가 이렇게 된 이유는 한자의 출현 순서에 따라 본문의 내용을 따라갈 뿐, 『漢語水準詞彙與漢字等級大綱』의 단어 등급과 한자 등급을 따르지 않기 때문이다. 이외에 도 전문적인 한자과목이 개설되지 않았기 때문에 학생들은 한자의 규칙을 학습하 는데 매우 어려움을 느끼고 있으며, 이로 인해 학생들의 중국어 능력을 향상시키 는데 일정 정도의 어려움이 있다. 본고는 비한자문화권 초급 단계 학생들에게 어휘와 한자를 교육하는 방법을 제 시함으로써, 향후 비한자문화권 학생들의 중국어 학습에 있어 보다 효과적인 어휘와 한자 교육에 대해 토의하는 계기가 되고자 한다.

在歷代的字韻書的編纂史上，漢語常用字多半以兩種模式呈現：其一乃通行用字與童蒙字書如《倉頡篇》、《急就篇》、《千字文》的模式，主要以字句組合的型態，使學習者便於記誦與認識。其二則隱含在各字韻書的說解訓釋當中。傳統訓詁的方法在於以已知釋未知，以常見解罕見，所以在字韻書中的說解用字、訓釋詞語多半具有當時常用字的性質，如此在用作字詞解釋時，才能達到使人理解的目的。前者是顯性的體現，後者則是隱性的運用。在歷代的漢字教育中，此二者實際上肩負了教育者與學習者認識漢字、理解漢字最主要的材料與途徑。本文的研究便是圍繞著「漢語常用字」的主軸，以臺灣教育部所編纂的《國民常用字標準字體表》和黃侃《論學雜著》末所附的「說文說解常用字」為分析對象，結合《說文》以來字韻書的字義說解，就其中的幾組常用字的詞彙性質進行研究。目的在於透過歷時的比較，觀察漢語常用字的詞類變化與構詞型態功能，探討這些字詞內在意義的恆常性與變動性，以及變與不變之條件因素和內涵。最後試圖通過上述之研究，重新檢視漢語常用字的整理和研析在漢字教育上的價值，對當前的漢字整理與漢字教學的核心本質與方法提出看法與建議。