San-ja is one of the main members consisting of the roof of traditional wooden buildings in Korea. In this study, the regional characteristics of the materials used in San-ja and changes of the materials over time were examined. To this end, 123 documents on the repair of wooden architectural heritage recorded since the 1950s were reviewed. It was found that there was a difference in the San-ja material by region because of the diversity in the conditions of material supply. For instance, bamboo was the most frequently used material in Jeollanam-do province because it was readily available. However, with the development of transportation and vehicle, the regional characteristics have disappeared. As a result, the material has been unified with bamboo now. This is because bamboo is specified as a representative material in the specification or the convenience of construction is prioritized. In addition, the social and economic conditions at the time of repair had an influence on the selection of the San-ja materials.

In the 1930s, The Architectural Association of Joseon run the ‘Architectural Material Display’ on the 2nd floor of the Japan Life Insurance Building in Hwanggumjeong(currently Euljiro street). The purpose of this place was to introduce new architectural materials to builders. And they issued a 『建築資料型錄(Architectural Material Catalog)』and distributed it free of charge so that people in districts at long distances can make use of it. This catalog contains descriptions, photographs and drawings of various architectural materials that were common at the time, and the overseas branch address of the store is stated. The purpose of this research is to investigate the type and characteristics of architectural materials distributed in Northeast Asia around the 1930s, the region of sale, affiliated companies by closely analyzing the 『建築資料型錄』.

The main cause of building fire fatalities occur in the combustible material heat, smoke and toxic gases are. Building interior decoration, etc., especially as much of the harmful substances generated during combustion, and, used in domestic architecture wallpaper, ceiling, and other plastics, built-in foam insulation also analyzed recognition of fire hazards approach to test the conkalrorimiteo test, choedaeyeolbangchulryul through, chongbal heat, mass loss rate, generates carbon monoxide gas hazard ratio tests, analysis and evaluation rigid foam index testing the toxicity of hazardous material generated by performing a gas clean up and assess the material test results, the minimum order to provide data to quantify the risk of fire. Ensure fire safety of building materials, composite materials in order to test the various risk factors could be considered organic to the introduction of testing and evaluation is needed urgently.

우리나라에서 건축물 내장재의 화재안전성능은 국토해양부 고시 제2011-39호에 의한 평가방법에 의해 불연성시험(KS F ISO 1182), 열방출률시험(KS F ISO 5660) 및 가스유해성시험(KSF 2271)을 실시하여 그 결과로서 분류하도록 되어 있다. 그 중 연기 및 연소독성가스에 대한 시험인 가스 유해성 시험은, 건축재료 및 내장재의 연소시 발생하는 가스의 유해성을 마우스의 평균 행동정지시간으로 측정하는 방법으로 사용하여 왔다. 이 중 연소 독성가스 4종(HCl, HF, HCN, SO2) 흡입독성시험방법의 확립을 위하여 ICR계 mouse와 전신흡입노출장치를 이용하여, 독성가스 노출 및 병리검사를 수행하였다. 그 결과 호흡기관지와 가까운 폐포에서 대식세포(Macrophage)의 침윤을 유발하는 것으로 나타났고, 4종의 물질에 대한 조직의 병리검사로 전체적으로 충혈과 울혈은 확인되었다. 조직 중 폐와 신장에서 조직손상이 심하였고, 물질로는 HCN이 가장 많은 병리소견을 보였다.

This study was carried out to observe the impacts of a mouse's inhalation of toxic gas SO2 generated from combustion on its organs by different concentrations. As for research methods: First, after concentrations of SO2 generation from combustion had been set to three: low (10.4 ppm), middle (24.9 ppm) and high (122 ppm) through Gas Toxicity Testing Method (KS F 2271) and SO2 combustion gas was exposed to eight mice in each concentration. Five mice that were able to move based on LD50, a criterion, which sets the down time of a mouse's average behaviors to over 9 minutes, were randomly selected in each concentration, and they were set up as the subjects of the study on toxicity bio-markers. Second, tissues were taken from heart, liver, lungs, spleen and the thymus gland of the mice selected in each concentration and a pathological examination of them was carried out. As a result, microvascular congestion appeared in the heart, and cell necrosis, cortex congestion and tubule medulla congestion, etc. in each concentration were observed in addition to vascular congestion in liver, lungs, spleen and the thymus gland. Also, it was found that the higher the concentrations of SO2 exposure is, the greater, the changes in the organs get. Through this study, SO2 of various toxic gases generated from fire turned out to affect the tissues of each organ of a mouse, it is expected that the toxic gases may greatly affect human body in case of actual fire, and this study is evaluated as having a significance as a basic data on inhalation toxicity assessment of toxic substances generated in combustion.

화력발전소 전기집진기에서 포집되는 FA(Fly ash)는 재활용률이 높으나 화력발전소 노에 떨어지는 BA(Bottom ash)는 FA에 비해 매우 낮은 편이다. 또한 FA에 대한 연구는 활발하게 진행되고 있는 반면 BA에 대해서는 매우 저조하다. 한편 지속적으로 건축 공사 수요가 있지만 건축 재료를 과거처럼 용이하게 그리고 저렴하게 공급 받기는 더욱 어려워지고 있는 실정이므로 BA를 건축 재료로 활용할 수 있게 하는 연구는 매우 유용할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 재활용률이 저조하여 처리에 부담이 되었던 BA를 최대한 재활용할 수 있도록 건축 재료로 연구 개발하여 BA 재활용률을 높일 뿐만 아니라 BA 처리의 부담을 줄이고, 또한 저렴한 건축 재료를 용이하게 다량 확보할 수 있도록 화력발전소에서 발생한 BA가 건축 재료로 갖고 있는 다양한 특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 화력발전소에서 발생한 BA를 건축 재료로의 특성에 대하여 연구를 진행한 결과 타 재료에 비해 경량성과 단열성이 매우 우수함은 물론 원적외선 방사률 등도 비교적 우수하게 나타났다.

At the late 20th century, many problems surfaced from the environmental destruction, which raised the importance of natural environments; technology and ecology started collaborating, the boundary between architecture and landscape destroyed, and developed into a hybrid-oriented form. This study has focused on the use of green architecture materials as a way to furnish natural expression & mood and dealt with water, plants, trees, sand, rocks, light, wind, mist, cloud and their applications on basic compositional elements such as floor, ceiling, walls, openings and other elements. The discoveries revealed that application of green architecture materials is visible in raw material aspect, architectural forming media aspect, technical aspect, and natural image aspect; furthermore, the use of green architecture materials can make the expression of natural design trend possible. Study of green architecture materials should continue to advance through collaborations and co-studies among interior design, architecture, landscape, and horticulture related design fields for the years to come.