This investigation aims to identify the roles of the discourse marker ja in home shopping discourse. In 12 excerpts of home s hopping d iscourse, ja h as been f ound 8 6 times, u sed as a marker o f adding more information, changing a subject, starting a new topic, focusing and suggesting. The analysis showed that the adding more information function, which is the most frequently used one (35 times), and the suggesting one were newly found in this type of discourse and directly related to the characteristic of the discourse: show hosts tend to provide as much information about the product as possible and to justify the consumption by suggesting various reasons. In addition, cases in which ja was used more than two times by one speaker were often found, which is connected to the fact that it is necessary to keep consumers' attention for the purpose of selling products. Also, guests who occasionally appear to help the hosts never used ja, which is because only show hosts have the power to control the discourse. In the process of switching the topic (e.g. price, composition, product features, or rushing comments), ja was used as a subject-changing marker second most frequently (29 times), especially when making rushing comments. These findings turn out to be closely related to the distinctive features of home shopping discourse, demonstrating the importance of studying discourse markers within the context of institutional discourse.

Kim, Serom. 2018. “A Confrontational Discourse Marker I don't know”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(1). 83~109. The literal meaning of I don't know (hereafter IDN) references the speaker's insufficient knowledge about the topic at hand. However, in social interaction, speakers strategically use IDN in non-literal way to accomplish specific interactional goals. Preceding studies have mainly focused on analyzing the ‘avoiding functions’ of IDN in terms of how interactants use it to avoid disagreement or downgrade face-threatening acts. Little attention has been given to addressing the question of how IDN, as a discourse marker, is used in institutional contexts, particularly in news interviews where it is frequently used in responding turns. To address this lacuna, this study, from a conversation-analytic perspective, aims to analyze the interactional functions of IDN in political news interviews. The findings suggest that the confrontational functions of IDN are recurrently observed in the way the interviewee challenges the adversarial nature of questions or confronts the interviewer. In this respect, I propose four functional categories of IDN in regard to the interactional imports it has as a responsive uptake of the interviewer's questions: to confront the interviewer, to resist the terms and agendas of the questions, to disconfirm presuppositions, and to avoid aligning with preference favored by the design of the questions. Implications of the findings are noted with reference to their relevance to future research that approaches IDN as a discourse marker.

Bhark Gwang-gyu. 2016. “A Study on Singaporean's Discourse Markers: The case of hor, meh, lah”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(1). 115~147. This study aims to show the characteristic and use aspect of Singaporean's discourse markers such as ‘hor, mah, lah'. This study analyzes features in each type based on gender, generation, occupation, religion, race, educational background through an internet questionnaire survey. The conclusion is presented below. First, Singaporean's discourse markers are used at end of the sentences. Second, Singaporean's discourse markers and Chinese discourse marker(‘哈[ha]’) are used not only oral conversation but also in written conversation. Third, the ‘哈[ha]’ which lexicon is used as discourse marker by chinese in china is grammatized. Forth, There are not much differences based on occupation, race, educational background in the use of discourse makers. However women use discourse markers more than men and young generation use discourse markers more than old generation. Also the buddhist were found to use discourse markers more than the christian and the Roman catholic.

Im Sun-hee and Kim Sun-hoi. 2014. A study on the discourse marker functions of “ye/ne” in Korean through analyzing the Sejong Corpus. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(1). The expressions called discourse markers universally have three shared features, that is, connectivity, optionality, and non-truth-conditionality (Schourup 1999). Kim (1989), Lee (1993), and Kang (2009) have shown that the expressions “ye/ne” in Korean have the propositional meaning in some cases, but exhibit these features in other cases. Based on these previous studies, where the various functions of “ye/ne” were classified, this paper investigates, focusing on their discourse marker functions, the function-based frequencies of “ye/ne” occurring in the spoken component of the Sejong Corpus. From this investigation, the following results are derived: First, “ye/ne” is used much more frequently as a discourse marker than as a propositional meaning form, second, their most frequently used function is a back-chaneling one, and last but not least, “ye/ne” is also used within a speaker’s turn very frequently and “ye/ne” in these cases is not used for responding to another's utteran

본 연구에서는 담화표지어의 사용과 관련하여 아시아권 비원어민 영어화자와 미국인 화자 사이의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 아시아권 비원어민 영어화자의 대화를 담은 음성코퍼스에 사용된 담화표지어 well의 위치와 기능을 살펴보고 그 결과를 원어민 영어 화자를 대상으로 한 선행연구와 비교하여 사용 양상의 차이를 조사하였다. 조사된 결과를 살펴보면 아시아권 화자에게서 나타나는 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아시아권 화자는 담화표지어 well을 yeah, mhm, oh, OK 뒤에서 고빈도로 사용하였고, 담화표지어 well의 앞과 뒤에 상대적으로 잦은 쉼(pause)을 사용하였다. 둘째, 담화표지어 well의 구조적 기능을 고빈도로 사용하였지만, 상호작용적 기능은 다양하게 사용하지 못하였다. 아시아권 화자에게서 나타나는 담화표지어 well의 독특한 위치와 제한적인 상호작용적 기능 사용이 아시아권 화자 간에는 자연스럽게 수용되며 대화의 끊김이나 장애 요소가 되지 않았지만, 잦은 말차례 지연(delay), 잦은 쉼(pause)의 경우 원어민과의 소통에서는 부정적으로 작용할 수 있음을 함의하였다.

The purpose of this paper is to give a pragmatic and sociocultural description of the discourse particle (DP) ani ``no`` in Korean. From a sociocultural perspective, a variety of discourse functions of ani are analyzed as a product of high-context communication strategies, which put interactional relationships before information delivery. For the pragmatic analysis, following Lee(1996, 2011), I assume that the DP ani has one basic sense that the speaker has a different view, and demonstrate that all the pragmatic uses of the DP can be inferred from the basic sense in accordance with the Gricean Cooperative Principle; different from the previous studies, ani is analyzed not as representing the speaker`s negative attitude, but as a difference-representing DP.

The purpose of this paper is to give a pragmatic and sociocultural description of the discourse particle (DP) yey 'yes' in Korean. From a sociocultural perspective, a variety of discourse functions of yey are analyzed as a product of high-context communication strategies, which put interactional relationships before information delivery. For a pragmatic analysis, following Lee(1996, 1997, 1999, 2008), I assume that the DP yey has one basic sense of the speaker's positive attitude, and demonstrate that all the pragmatic uses of the DP can be inferred from the basic sense in accordance with the Gricean Cooperative Principle; all the pragmatic uses are broadly categorized into 2 groups, informative functions and politeness function.

Lee, Bong-seon. 1998. A Semantic Analyisis of the Korean Discourse Marker `Keosigi. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 197-212. The purpose of this paper is to give a pragmatic description of the Korean discourse marker `keosigi`, that is, how a speaker uses it for his purpose and how a hearer interprets it in discourse. The conclusion of this study is summarized as follows; First, the charateristics and the definition of the Korean discourse marker are given. Second, the relevance theory is suggested in which all the pragmatic uses of the discourse marker are inferred. Third, some discourse properties of `keosigi` are examined in accordance with relevance in the context where it is used.