This study proposes a method to evaluate the publicity of real-time, demand-responsive, autonomous public-transportation systems. By analyzing real-time data collected based on publicity evaluation indicators suggested in previous research studies, this study seeks to establish a system that objectively assesses the publicity of public transportation. Thus, the introduction of autonomous public transportation systems is expected to contribute to solving problems in underserved transportation areas and enable more sophisticated public transportation operations. We reviewed evaluation indicators proposed in previous studies. Based on this review, publicity evaluation indicators were derived and specific criteria were selected to assess systematically the publicity of autonomous public transportation. An AHP analysis was conducted to assess the relative importance of each indicator by analyzing the importance of the selected indicators. Additionally, to score the indicators, minimum and maximum target values were established, and a method for assigning scores to each indicator was examined. The most important factor in the publicity evaluation of autonomous demand-responsive transport (DRT) was the “success rate of allocation to weak public transportation service areas,” with a significance level p of 0.204. This was analyzed as a key evaluation criterion because of the importance of service provision in areas with low-public-transportation accessibility. Subsequently, “Accessing distance to a virtual station” (p = 0.145) was evaluated as an important factor representing the convenience of the service. “Waiting time after allocation” (p = 0.134) also appeared as an important evaluation factor, as reducing waiting time considerably affected service quality. Conversely, “compliance rate of velocity” yielded the lowest significance (p = 0.017), as speed compliance was typically guaranteed owing to autonomous driving technology. This study proposed a specific evaluation method based on publicity indicators to provide a strategic direction for improving services and enhancing the publicity of autonomous DRT systems. These results can serve as a foundational resource for improving transportation services in underserved areas and for enhancing the overall quality of public transportation services. However, the study’s limitation was its inability to use real-time autonomous public transportation data, relying instead on I-MoD data from Incheon. This limitation constrained the ability to establish universal benchmarks because data from various municipalities were not included. Future research should collect and analyze data from diverse regions to establish more reliable evaluation indicators.

PURPOSES : This study aimed to improve the effect of increasing the number of urban railway users when public transportation accessibility is improved by using village buses. METHODS : Using the case of Daejeon City, this study utilized the greenhouse gas reduction benefit among the benefits of the investment evaluation guidelines of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport to demonstrate the effect of introducing village buses, a flexible means of transportation, to transportation-disadvantaged areas and improving accessibility, thereby inducing a change to urban railways. and were quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS : The number of users expected to switch to urban rail was 9,964 in 2020 and 9,220 in 2025. Thus, the greenhouse gas reduction effect is predicted to decrease annually by 34,554 t (2020) and 31,973 t (2025). CONCLUSIONS : Among the demand management techniques, reducing the use rate of passenger cars is one of the most important. For this policy, it is most effective to provide an alternative means of transportation.

This study investigates the influence of particulate matter concentrations on the incidence of asthma, focusing on the delayed onset of symptoms and subsequent medical consultations. Analysis incorporates a four-day lag from the initiation of fine dust exposure and compares asthma patterns before and after the World Health Organization's (WHO) classification of fine dust as a Group 1 carcinogen in November 2013. Utilizing daily PM10 data and asthma-related medical visit counts in Seoul from 2008 to 2016, the study additionally incorporates Google search frequencies and newspaper article counts on fine dust to assess public awareness. Results reveal a surge in search frequencies and article publications after WHO announcement, indicating heightened public interest. To standardize the long-term asthma occurrence trend, the daily asthma patient numbers are ratio-adjusted based on annual averages. The analysis uncovers an increase in asthma medical visits 2 to 3 days after fine dust events. Additionally, greater public awareness of fine dust hazards correlates with a significant reduction in asthma occurrence after such events, even within 'normal' fine dust concentrations. Notably, behavioral changes, like limiting outdoor activities, contribute to this decrease. This study highlights the importance of analyzing accumulated medical data over an extended period to identify general public behavioral patterns, deviating from conventional survey methods in social sciences. Future research aims to extend data collection beyond 2016, exploring recent trends and considering the potential impact of decreased fine dust awareness amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

PURPOSES : The main purpose of this study is to identify vulnerable areas by evaluating public transit accessibility for the introduction of smart mobility. METHODS : This study proposes a methodology for analyzing public transportation accessibility. We identified the less accessible areas of public transit in Daegu Metropolitan City by dividing them into low- and high-facilitated areas considering travel demand and developed plans to introduce smart mobility based on the analysis results. RESULTS : Areas vulnerable to public transportation in Daegu Metropolitan City can be divided into those with low public transportation accessibility and low usage rates, those with good public transportation accessibility but low usage rates, and those with low public transportation accessibility but high usage rates. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the results of this study, it is possible to introduce customized services for each area with poor public transit accessibility, and some of the inconveniences experienced by citizens using public transit are expected to be resolved.

K-콘텐츠의 성장을 단지 문화적 현상 및 경제적 효과라는 측면으로 국한할 수 있을까. K-콘텐츠에 대한 세계적 파급력은 분명 대외적 관 계 및 경제성과를 넘어 공동체에 특정한 영향력을 미치고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 대중문화 콘텐츠의 사회자본 가치에 관하여 고찰하였다. 본 논문에서는 대중문화 콘텐츠는 과연 사회자본 가치 형성에 기여하 고 있는 것인지에 관하여 분석하였다. 본고는 사회자본에 관한 이론적 고찰을 통해 대중문화 콘텐츠 중 방탄소년단(BTS)의 활동을 통해 사회 자본 가치를 신뢰, 규범 및 가치, 네트워크라는 3개 요소로 분석하였 다.

Jang, Ji Young. (2023). “A Study of Apology Strategy Realized in Apology Text of Public Figure: Focusing on the Impact on Public Evaluation”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 31(2), 59-93. The purpose of this study is to examine how the apology strategy used in the apology text of public figure affects the public's evaluation of the apology. Based on the losing face and saving face of the speaker and listener, the framework of the apology strategy was presented, and based on this, which apology strategy was used in the actual apology text. In addition, the public's evaluation of each apology was presented, and based on the analysis, the apology was divided into a positive apology and a negative apology, and compared and analyzed which apology strategy was used in each apology. The more the apology strategy was used to save the listener's face by damaging the speaker's face, the more the public evaluated the apology positively the more they did not use the strategy of saving the speaker's face and damaging the listener's face. On the other hand, apologies using strategies that save the speaker's face and damage the listener's face are negatively evaluated despite the use of strategies that damage the speaker's face. In other words, the apology strategy realized in the apology text is an important factor in determining the public's evaluation.

오페라 작곡가 베르디의 『레퀴엠』은 대규모 관현악의 다양한 악기들과 8성부에 이르는 극적 인 종교적 합창곡이며 동시에 음악회를 위한 예술적 가치를 높이 평가 받고있는 작품이다. 다양 한 극적인 요소로써 금관악기를 비롯한 장엄한 음향과 가사처리, 모방적이고 반복적인 작곡기법 등이 있다. 본 논문은 종교적 합창곡에서 찾아볼 수 있는 대중적인 요소들을 베르디의 종교적 진혼곡『레퀴엠』을 통해 살펴보고자 한다. 우선 합창에서의 대중성은 가사를 편집하고 합창에 있어서 극적인 성부의 효과적으로 배치하고 있다. 가사 처리에 대한 작곡가의 의도는 장례 미사에 쓰여 지는 기능성을 가진 음악이라기보다는 예술적인 차원을 강조하여 대중성을 높인다고 할 수 있다. 두 번째, 연주회장에서 금관악기 등의 공간적 배치는 청중에게 현장감과 몰입감을 높인다. 소리의 공간감 과 입체감은 음악회에 대한 보다 만족스러운 결과를 가져다주며 실제 연주회장에서 작곡가에 의해 창출 된 음향적 의도가 효과적으로 실현될 수 있다. 마지막으로 합창음악에서의 대중성을 가지기 위해서는 선율이 단순하고 명확하며 합창 성부들을 수직적으로 화음의 구성 및 배치하며 또한 극단적인 셈여림 등으로 대중성을 높이고 있다.

이 글에서는 국립박물관과 불교박물관들이 개최한 불교미술 전시현황을 정리하고, 대중 화에 성공했던 전시 사례로서 ‘창령사 터 나한상 전시’를 분석하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 불교 미술 전시의 대중화 방안을 제안하였다. 국립중앙박물관의 불교미술 전시는 1990년대 기획전시의 공간이 확보되고 큐레이터들의 역량이 성장한 이후 학술적으로 깊이 있는 불교미술 전시를 개최할 수 있었다. 2005년 용산 이전ㆍ개관을 기점으로 특별전시 운영시스템을 구축하여 국립박물관의 학예 연구 역량과 국 제적인 위상을 드러내는 불교미술 전시들이 개최되었으며 최근에는 기존 전시 형식을 탈피하 는 기획을 통해 일반인들의 관심을 모았다. 한편, 불교박물관의 불교미술 전시는 사찰의 성보박물관과 불교중앙박물관을 중심으로 이루어지고 있다. 종교적 위상과 고승 대덕의 업적, 그리고 사찰의 역사와 전통을 강조하고 있다. ‘창령사 터 나한상 전시’는 심오한 종교적 의미를 지닌 나한상을 설치 작품으로 재탄생 시켜 관람객이 불교미술에 빠져들고 사색에 잠길 수 있게 하였다. 다양한 전시연계 프로그램 의 운영과 SNS를 통한 홍보 역시 전시 대중화에 기여하였다. 나한상 전시 분석을 바탕으로 불교미술 전시의 대중화 방안을 다음과 같이 제안하였다. 첫째, 전시 주제를 확대할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 전시연출의 변화를 시도해야 한다. 셋째, 새로운 디지털 매체를 활용해야 한다. 넷째, 도록을 다양화해야 한다. 다섯째, 연계 교육 프로그 램을 개발하고 운영해야 한다. 여섯째, 다양한 전시행사를 기획해야 한다. 일곱째, 불교미술 의 콘텐츠가 지닌 개성과 역사성을 반영한 ‘캐릭터’를 개발하여 보급할 필요가 있다.

본 논문은 백제 사비시대 부여와 익산의 왕실사찰인 정림사지, 제석사지, 그리고 미륵사 지에서 출토된 3점의 塑像에 대한 분석을 통해 6세기 후반~7세기 전반 백제 미술의 對中交 流 양상을 고찰했다. 구체적으로는 3인이 하나의 세트를 이루는 세속 인물상의 자세 및 의복, 그리고 두 보살상의 두발 표현 등을 중국 남북조시대 및 隋唐代 자료와 비교분석하였다. 3인상의 경우, 남북조의 출행도 및 예불도와 유사성이 지적된 바 있었다. 본 연구에서는 먼저, 기존 연구가 남북조시대 출행도에서 나타나는 지역적 차이를 간과했음에 주목했다. 3 인의 자세, 인물 구성, 侍者의 성별과 역할, 그리고 폐슬과 소매가 넓은 포복의 형태 등에서 나타나는 차이를 실마리로 백제 3인상이 북조가 아닌 남조 문화와 더욱 밀접하게 관련되어 있음을 확인했다. 무왕이 건립했다고 전하는 제석사지와 미륵사지에서 발견된 두 점의 보살상 頭部에는 連 弧形 髮際線이 출현한다. 연호형 발제선은 중국에서는 이미 4~5세기부터 출현했지만, 중국 전역으로 보급된 것은 대략 6세기 말부터이며, 그 연원은 장안양식과 관련이 있다. 연호형 발 제선은 삼국에서는 7세기에 비로소 등장하며, 이후 통일기 신라에서 유행한다. 그러므로 백제의 두 사찰 출토 소상에서 출현하는 연호형 발제선은 6세기 말부터 백제가 행한 적극적인 수 당 교류의 결과이자, 백제 미술에 미친 수당대 장안양식의 한 사례로서 주목할 만하다.

PURPOSES : Recently, increasing number of local governments are introducing on-demand public transportation service in real time to improve the management efficiency of public transportation. In preparation for the autonomous driving era, the “autonomous public transportation mobility on-demand service in real time” is being developed in the public transportation sector to introduce on-demand public transportation. For this service to become the public transportation of the future, it must receive publicity. Therefore, in this study, indicators were selected to evaluate the publicity of the autonomous public transportation mobility on-demand service in real time, and a survey was conducted among the general public to examine the validity of the indicators. METHODS : To secure the publicity of on-demand public transportation in real time, the goal of the service was first set. Second, the keywords of the service were analyzed to define the publicity requirements of this service. Based on the analyzed keywords and definition of publicity, service indicator types were classified, and the indicators were defined by type. A user satisfaction survey was conducted on the final selected indicators to improve the degree of completion of indicator development. The user survey was conducted by presenting selected publicity indicators to respondents responding on a five-point scale to determine whether each indicator could satisfactorily evaluate publicity. RESULTS : When examining various previous research cases and the contents required for autonomous public transportation mobility on-demand service in real time, the required items of publicity indicators were found to be “safety” in terms of “autonomous driving” and “convenience” in terms of “demand response.” Publicity indicators were developed according to these three items. Thirty-one indicators were developed, and a satisfaction survey was conducted on the general public for each indicator. In the survey, most of the indicators scored 3.5 points or higher, indicating that the indicators were generally well defined. Users gave the highest score to “fairness” among the three items, and “reasonable fairness” was found to be a necessary item as a publicity indicator. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, evaluation indicators were selected to secure the publicity of autonomous public transportation mobility on-demand service in real time, and a satisfaction survey was conducted for each indicator. Most of the indicators showed a score of 3.5 or higher, indicating that they were generally well defined. However, this study has a limitation in that it surveys the general population. In future, experts should be included in the survey to increase the degree of completeness of the public indicators.