시설오이에 발생하는 꽃노랑총채벌레, 목화진딧물, 온실가루이의 발생최초시 기와 방제적기를 구명하기 위하여 시기별 발생밀도를 끈끈이트랩을 설치하여 조 사하였다.
조사지역은 경기도 용인시 남사면오이시설재배 단지로 농가 3곳을 선정하여, 농가당 황색 끈끈이(10x15cm)를 시설외부에는 3장씩 양측에 설치하고 시설내부 에는 반복당 5장씩 120cm 높이로 3반복으로 설치하였다. 조사시기는 1월부터 7월 까지 1주일 간격으로 끈끈이트랩을 교체하고 실내에서 부착된 해충밀도를 조사하 였다.시설재배 오이에서 발생하는 해충 중 온실가루이는 외부보다는 내부에서 성충
이 먼저 발생이 되었으며, 내부의 최초발생시기는 2월 18일 이었으며, 외부의 초발 생은 4월7일 이었다. 농가 중 내부에 잡초를 제거하지 않은 단동 농가에서 발생시 기가 가장 빨랐다. 꽃노랑총채벌레의 시설내부 초발생은 1월22일이었으며, 시설 외부의 초발생은 3월18일로 외부보다 내부에서 8주나 빠르게 발생되었다. 각 농가 에서 목화진딧물의 내부 초발생은 각각 1월28일, 3월4일, 4월22일 이었으며, 외부 는 3월4일, 4월1일, 4월15일로 농가마다 약간의 차이는 있었다. 이와 같은 결과로 1 월에 정식하는 오이에서 발생하는 해충은 정식 과정에서 오염된 유묘가 발생원이 되거나, 시설내의 잡초에서 서식하고 있던 잔재충이 오염원으로 추정된다.
2012년 8월 28일 목포 서해 해상을 지나 한반도 서쪽을 통 과한 태풍 ‘볼라벤’은 순간 최대 풍속 50 m/s의 강풍으로 벼 이삭에 직접적 피해를 주어 변색립 발생 정도에 따라 수량이 감소하였다. 이에 태풍 피해가 심했던 전라북도 익산, 김제 지 역과 전라남도 영광, 해남 지역을 대상으로 출수정도에 따른 변색립 발생, 수량구성요소 및 수량 등 태풍 피해에 대한 양 상을 조사하였다. 태풍에 의한 이삭 변색정도는 출수후 5일 피 해 벼가 가장 심했으며, 출수기에는 80%, 출수후 10일에는 71%, 출수후 15일에는 43%, 출수후 20일에는 20%였다. 특히 출수후 5일에 피해를 받은 벼는 변색립 회복정도가 태풍 경과 14일에 약 10%미만으로 상대적으로 느렸고 18일에도 처음 발 생한 변색립의 약 30%정도만이 회복되는 것으로 나타났다. 또 한 10a당 수량을 보면 출수후 20일에 비하여 출수후 5일에는 평균 333kg/10a로 63% 수준이었으며, 이후 출수기에는 71%, 출수후 10일에는 84%, 출수후 15일에는 95%의 수준이었다.
Characteristics of habitat alteration and post-embryonic development of Paratlanticus ussuriensis were investigated in the mountain region of Bitanri, Yeongdong county, Chungcheongbuk-do from 2007 to 2009. Overwintered eggs under the ground in the hillside were hatched from late March to early April. The soil temperature during this season was 7~14℃. Young nymphs lived mainly at the hillside by eating oak tree leaves but the 3rd or 4th instars switched their habitat to orchards near the hillside in early May, which is the time for sprouting of peach leaves. Old nymphs developed into the adult stage at the orchards in late May and moved back to the hillside in late June. Duration of post-embryonic development from the first instar nymph to adult was 49.2 days after 7 moltings at 25℃. Female adults collected from the field had long ovipositor (26.2 ㎜) and were slightly longer in the body length, hind femur, tegmen and pronotum than those of males.
Paromius exiguus (Distant) has caused serious damage by pecky grains around Gimpo paddy fields in 2001. We conducted field and laboratory studies to determine the seasonal occurrence and age distribution of P. exiguus on the three major host plants. The overwintering P. exiguus was found mainly on the basal part of gramineae weeds in various localities. After overwintering, in mid-May, the adults aggregated on the grain parts of Imperata cylindrica, laid their eggs and nymphs developed into adults on the same host plants. By the time, the Calamagrostis epigeios colony had newly occupied I. cylindrica areas, the nymphs and adults of first generation had already moved to the second host. The second generation of P. exiguus, after having completed its life cycle on C. epigeios, the newly emerged adults migrated to the rice plants and other gramineae weeds in early August. Afterwards, they complete its third generation cycle where they can move to the overwintering site again. P. exiguus has the five nymphal stages and each nymphal stage could be determined by head or prothoracic width. On the I. cylindrica and O. sativa hosts, the age distribution of P. exiguus showed a simple structure as each stage ratio increased stepwise with time. But in case of C. epigeios, as the newly emerged adults and immature nymphs continuously migrate after a month from the I. cylindrica, the age structure became remarkably complex. The peak nymphal density was observed when the ratio of third and forth instar was the highest in the population. The finding about the specific age structure on each generation of the insect would be very useful in control decision making on the major host plants. It is also important to consider the host"s specificity to pesticide sensitivity in relation to various nymphal stages.
대두의 해충인 콩줄기굴파리의 정확한 생태를 파악코저 충북백외 4품종을 5월 20일, 6월 15일, 7월 10일 등 파종기를 달리하여 재식하고 콩줄기굴파리의 발생 소장과 가해상태, 피해율등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유충이 6월 20일 출현되는 것으로 미루어 성충의 첫 출현은 6월초로, 또 년중발생회수는 3회내외로 추정된다. 2. 콩줄기굴파리의 서식부위는 줄기내부의 수조직으로 유묘기에는 지상부보다 지하부쪽에 더 많이 서식한다. 3. 용화위치는 절간 줄기와 엽액이 되며 노숙유충은 장차 성충이 탈출할 수 있는 구멍을 들어 놓고 그속에서 용화한다. 4. 콩줄기굴파리의 유충발생은 7월 10일, 8월 10일, 8월 30일에 각각 peak를 이루고 8월 10일의 Peak가 가장 늦었다. 5. 용의 발생은 6월 20일과 9월 10일에 각각 2번 peak를 이루고 그중 9월 10일의 peak가 가장 높았다. 6. 전반적인 콩줄기굴파리의 피해율은 로 만파일수록 높았다.
Background : Among registered fungicides for controlling ginseng disease, the disease occurrence rate from the mixed use of a single ingredient, mancozeb WP, and copper sulfate basic WP was examined, and experiments were conducted to establish safe disease control system.
Methods and Results : As for the medicines used for the experiments, besides registered Pyraclostrobin WG as a single ingredient for ginseng disease control, 14 kinds were used for experiments. The fungicide was sprayed 5 times on June 21, July 4, July 16, August 2 and August 24. The examination was conducted 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, and 20 days after the final fungicide treatment. Anthracnose occurrence rate 5 days after the final fungicide treatment was 0.0 - 61.3% which was different depending on fungicides, and in a single treatment, the occurrence rate was less than 1% in 6 fungicides. In the single treatment, the occurrence rate was more than 1%, but 9 kinds of fungicides which had less than 1% occurrence rate in the case of mixed use with mancozeb, and one kind in the case of mixed use with copper sulfate basic 10 days later, the occurrence rate was 0.0 - 100% and there were lots of differences in the disease occurrence rate depending on fungicides. 10 kinds of fungicides showed the disease occurrence rate of more than 10.0% in the case of a single treatment. Among them, 9 fungicides showed the disease occurrence rate of less than 1.0% in the case of mixed use with mancozeb, indicating the effect of lowering disease occurrence rate in the case of mixed use. 15 days later, 9 fungicides showed disease occurrence rate of more than 2%, 1 kind of fungicide had the disease occurrence rate of less than 1%, and the overall disease occurrence rate increased. Among them, 7 kinds of fungicides showed the disease occurrence rate of less than 1% from the mixed use. 20 days later, 12 kinds of fungicides showed the disease occurrence rate of more than 50%, and only 1 kind of fungicide showed the disease occurrence rate of less than 1%. In the case of mixed use with mancozeb, 2 kinds had the disease occurrence rate of less than 10% and 1 kind of fungicide had the disease occurrence rate of less than 1%.
Conclusion : For prevention of anthracnose disease of ginsengs during a rainy season, the disease occurrence rate from a single or mixed use was examined, and the examination found that rather than a single use, mixed use decreased the disease occurrence rate. In particular, the mixed use with mancozeb showed low disease occurrence rate and prevented the disease occurrence rate for a long time.