본 논문은 경면반사체의 3차원형상측정을 위한 광로분석과 효과적인 근사화 방법에 관한 것으로, 이를 위해 입사영상을 제공하는 LCD 조명과 CCD 카메라 및 경면반사체로 이루어진 비전시스템을 구성한 후, 기하학적 광로분석을 통해 반사체의 형상이 반사광의 광로에 주는 영향을 수식화한다. 제안된 방법은 반사체의 형상에 따라 취득된 영상에서 점광원의 상대적 위치가 변화되며 이 변화량을 이용하여 3차원정보를 추정하는 방법을 제시하고, 실험을 통하여 반사체의 3차원형상의 효과적 측정이 가능함을 보인다.

In order to predict inelastic displacement response without nonlinear dynamic analysis, the equal displacement rule can be used for the structures with longer natural periods than the characteristic period, Tg, of earthquake record. In the period range longer than Tg, peak displacement responses of elastic systems are equal or larger than those of inelastic systems. In the period range shorter than Tg, opposite trend occurs. In the equal displacement rule, it is assumed that peak displacement of inelastic system with longer natural period than Tg equals to that of elastic system with same natural period. The equal displacement rule is very useful for seismic design purpose of structures with longer natural period than Tg. In the period range shorter than Tg, the peak displacement of inelastic system can be simply evaluated from the peak displacement of elastic system by using the inelastic displacement ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the peak inelastic displacement to the peak elastic displacement. Smooth hysteretic behavior is more similar to actual response of real structural system than a piece-wise linear hysteretic behavior such as bilinear or stiffness degrading behaviors. In this paper, the inelastic displacement ratios of the smooth hysteretic behavior system are evaluated for far-fault and near-fault earthquakes. The simple formula of inelastic displacement ratio considering the effect of Tg is proposed.

비탄성 변위비는 최대 선형 탄성변위에 대한 최대 비탄성 변위의 비로서 정의된다. 비탄성 변위비는 비탄성 응답의 계산을 하지 않고도 최대 탄성변위로부터 최대 비탄성변위를 직접적으로 평가 가능하게 한다. 비탄성 변위비에 대한 기존의 연구는 이선형 또는 강성저하시스템과 같은 분할선형시스템에 국한되었다. 본 논문에서는 근거리 및 원거리 지진을 받는 완만한 곡선형 이력거동 시스템의 비탄성 변위비에 대하여 연구하였다. 두 단계의 회귀분석 과정을 통하여 비탄성 변위비에 대한 간편식을 제안하였다.

구조부재와 구조시스템의 실제 비탄성 이력거동은 완만한 형태를 나타낸다. 완만한 곡선형 이력거동이 이선형 또는 분할선형 강성저하모델등에 비하여 실제 거동을 정확하게 나타낸다. 내진설계에서 강도감소계수는 탄성 거동만 허용한 경우에 요구되는 강도를 설계수준의 강도로 감소시키는데 사용된다. 강도감소계수에 대한 완만한 곡선이력거동의 영향을 근거리 지진과 원거리 지진을 받는 몇 가지 완만한 곡선이력 시스템에 대하여 평가하였다. 설계 목적을 위하여 이력거동의 완만정도와 근거리와 원거리 지진으로 대변될 수 있는 지진특성을 고려하는 간단한 강도감소계수 식을 제안하였다. 본 연구의 제안식에 의한 강도감소계수가 기존의 제안식에 의해 평가된 강도감소계수보다 비탄성 응답스펙트럼 해석으로부터 직접적으로 구한 강도감소계수에 근접한 결과를 나타낸다.

실제 구조요소나 구조시스템의 비선형응답은 단순화된 형태의 분할선형 이력모델 보다는 완만한 곡선이력모델로 나타내는 것이 보다 정확하다. 본 논문에서는 완만한 곡선이력거동을 적용한 일정연성도 비탄성 응답스펙트럼을 작성하는 방법을 제시하였다. 가속도, 변위 및 입력에너지에 대한 비탄성 응답스펙트럼에 대한 곡선형이력거동의 완만한 정도의 영향을 평가하였다. 해석결과로부터 곡선형이력거동의 완만도가 증가할수록 비탄성 응답스펙트럼은 감소하는 경향을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of slow freezing with that of vitrification method for the cryopreservation of human embryos. Human embryos were derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and the mixed solution of propanedial (1.5, 1.0, 0.5M PROH) and sucrose (0.1M), ethylene glycol (7.5, 15%), dimethyl sulfoxide (7.5, 15% DMSO), sucrose (0.5, 1.0M) and SPS (Serum Protein Substitute) was used for a cryoprotectant for slow freezing and vitrification solution, respectively. Rates of recovery after thawing, morphological normality, post-thaw viability, arrest, morphological abnormality and preimplantation development were compared between two protocols. After freezing-thawing, recovery and survial rate of slow freezing was (88.6% and 73.4%), whereas vitrification was (99.2% and 96.2%) (p<0.05). The arrest rate of slow freezing was significantly lower compared with those of vitrification(8.7% vs 29.9%) (p<0.05). Preimplantation development to the 2-cell (83.8% vs 67.7%), 4-cell (69.0% vs 47.2%) and 8-cell (62.4% vs 37.8%) stages 24, 48 and 72 h after thawing, respectively, were higher in the slow freezing than the vitrification. After slow freezing and vitrification of human embryo at 2-8cell stage, the rate of recovery rate, survival rate and partial damage rate were 92.0% vs 100%, 80.4% vs 96.2% and 52.2% vs 19.0%, respectively. And partial damage rate was significantly lower than those of slow freezing method (p<0.05). These results demonstrate that a slow freezing using PROH is more efficient than a vitrification for cryopreserving the human zygotes, although the vitrification yielded better recovery, survival and partial damage of frozen-thawed 2-8 cell stage embryos than slow freezing method.

정자의 동결보존을 위한 새로운 기술개발 목적은 동결과정에서 최소한의 손상으로, 응해 후 최대한 높은 활력도의 정자를 얻는 것이다 정자가 난자와 수정하기 위해서는 적당한 생존성과 운동성을 유지해야 하는데, 가장 일반적인 방법으로는 정자의 진진 운동성과 첨체의 정상 여부 및 형태 검사방법 등이 있다 본 연구는 사람 정액을 동결보존 할 때 semi-programmable freezer를 이용한 완만동결 방법과, 액체질소의 vapor를 이용한 급속동결 방법이

In order to improve the cryopreservation by vitrification or slow freezing of nuclear transplant rabbit embryos, the effects of factors affecting embryo cryopreservation such as cryoprotectants, equilibration, cooling rate and post-thaw dilution on post-thaw survial and development were determined using intact embryos of morular stage. And the post-thaw development of nuclear transplanted embryos cryopreserved under the optimal conditions examined was compared between vitrification and slow freezing. The cryoprotectant solution used was ethyleneglycol-ficoll-sucrose (EFS) or ethyleneglycol-poly-vinylpyrrolidone-galactose- I (EPG- I ) for vitrification, and EPG- II for slow freezing. To examine the viability of frozen-thawed embryos, the nuclear transplanted embryos were co-cultured in TCM-199 plus 10% FBS with bovine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC) for 24 hrs and the intact morulae were co-cultured with BOEC for 5 days and 3 days to hatching blastocyst stage in 39 ˚C 5% incubator. The results obtained were as follows: Following vitrification with EFS, the post-thaw development of rabbit morulae to hatching blastocyst was significantly(P<0.05) higher in compacted stage(82.4%) than in early morular stage(60.0%). The post-thaw development of compacted morulae to hatching blastocyst was similarly high in vitrification with EFS(82.4%), EPG- I (85.0%) and in slow freezing with EPG- II (83.3%). Following vitrification with EPG- I, the post-thaw development of intact rabbit morulae to hatching blastocyst was similar as 78.0% and 85.0% in 1-step and 2-step post-thaw dilution, respectively. The post-thaw development of nuclear transplanted rabbit embryos of compacted morulae stage to hatching blastocyst was similarly 43.6% and 40.0% in vitrification with EPG- Iand slow freezing with EPG- II, respectively. These results indicated that the rabbit nuclear transplant and intact embryos of morulae stage could be well cryopreserved with either vitrification or slow freezing procedure.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of vitrification and slow freezing methods on the post-thaw developmental rate of rabbit zygotes. After exposing rabbit zygotes in EFS solution for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and S min at room temperature, they were washed with 0.5 M sucrose solution, D-PBS and TCM-199 and then cultured in TCM-199 plus 10% FBS with bovine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC) to examine whether the cryoprotectant induced injury during the various exposure periods. The embryo development rates to hatched blastocyst after exposing in EFS solution for 3 and 5 min(40.0 and 16.7%) were significantly lower than in 0.5, 1 and 2 min(63.0, 72.0 and 54.5%), respectively. The post-thaw development rates to hatched blastocyst were significantly(P<0.05) higher in in vivo morula with intact mucin coat(85.2%) and mucin seperated morula(77.8%) than those of in vitro morula(58.5%) and zygote(5.9%), hut no difference was shown between in vitro morulae and mucin separated morula. The cryoprotectant dilution procedures showed no effects on the post-thaw development rates to hatched blastocyst under the present culture conditions. The post-thaw development to hatched blastocyst in the rabbit zygotes was not significantly different between the slow freezing(12.8%) and vitrification(5.9%). These results indicated that the rabbit frozen zygotes could he successfully developed in vitro to hatched blastocysts, though their developmental rate was very low, compared with morula stage embryos, in either vitrification or slow freezing procedure under the present conditions.

Noel' 품종은 국립원예특작과학원에서 2007년도에 육성한 포인세티아 신품종이다. 이 품종은 분지력이 왕성하고 밝은 적색인 'Gutbier V-10 Amy Red'를 모본으로, 착색엽의 결각이 강하고 포엽이 밝은 적색인 'Ichiban'을 부본으로 2004년에 교배를 실시하여 양성된 실생계통 중 선발되었다. 2005~2006년 2차에 거쳐 특성검정을 하여 '원교 D5-36'을 육성하였고 2007년에 3차 특성검정과 품평회를 실시하여 최종선발 하였으며