Recently, the construction of tall buildings utilized by high strength-concrete in the whole world is tending to be on the rise. The application of high-rise structural system in buildings results in the excellent cut-down effect in construction materials due to section reduction. Therefore, in order to investigate the CO2 and resource reduction effect for the high-rise structural system, comparisons of GWP and ADP in embodied energy of structural materlais between 4 type of high-rise structural system have been performed. As a result, GWP emission increased in the order of steel structure outrigger system, RC shear wall system, and RC outrigger system. On the other hand, ADP emissions increased in the order of RC shear wall system, RC outrigger system, and steel structure outrigger system.

The concern on the greenhouse gas emissions is increasing globally. Especially, the greenhouse gas emission from fisheries is an important issue due to Cancun Agreements Mexico in 1992 and the Kyoto protocol in 2005. Furthermore, the Korean government has a plan to reduce the GHG emissions as 5.2% compared to the BAU in fisheries until 2020. However, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries has not been executed much. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from Korean fishery industry is needed as the first step to find a relevant way to reduce GHG emissions from fisheries. The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted from the major coastal fisheries such as coastal gillnet fishery, coastal dual purpose fishery, coastal pots fishery and coastal small scale stow net fishery. Here, we calculated the GHG emission from the fisheries using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficients of the fisheries are also calculated according to the fuel type. The GHG emissions from sea activities by the fisheries will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for the unit weight of fishes are also calculated with consideration to the different consuming areas. The results will be helpful to understand the circumstances of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.

The negative factors of fishery in environmental aspect of view are Greenhouse gas emission problems by high usage of fossil fuel, destruction of underwater ecosystem by bottom trawls, reduction of resources by fishing and damage of ecosystem diversity. Especially, the Greenhouse gas emission from fisheries is an important issue due to Cancún meeting, Mexico in 1992 and Kyoto protocol in 2005. However, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries did not much carry out. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from Korean fishery industry is needed as a first step to find a relevant way to reduce GHG emissions from fisheries. The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted from fishery. Here, we calculated the GHG emission from Korean bottom pair trawl fishery using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficient of the fishery is also calculated. The GHG emissions from the representative fishes caught by bottom pair trawl will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for the edible weight of fishes are calculated with consideration to the different consuming areas and slaughtering process also. The results will be helpful to understand the circumstances of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.

The global warming related to GHG (greenhouse gases) emissions from industries is a major issue globally. Furthermore, GHG emissions from the fishery industries also represent an important issue, as indicated by "The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries" at the Cancun, Mexico, meeting in 1992 and by the Kyoto protocol in 2005. Korea pronounced itself to be a voluntary exclusion management country at the 16th IPCC at Cancun, Mexico, in 2010. However, few analyses of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries have been performed. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from the major Korean fisheries is needed before guidelines for reducing GHG emissions from the fishing industry can be established. The aim of this study was to assess the present GHG emissions from the Korean Purse seine fishery using the LCA (life cycle assessment) method. The system boundary and allocation method were defined for the LCA analysis. The fuel consumption factor of the purse seine fishery was also calculated. The GHG emissions for the edible fish were evaluated by determining the weights of whole fish and gutted fish. Finally, the GHG emissions required to produce 1kg of whole fish and 1kg of edible fish were deduced. The results will help determine the GHG emissions from the fishery. They will also be helpful to stakeholders and the government in understanding the circumstances involved in GHG emissions from the fishing industry.

As environmental damage increase by a highly developed material civilization of today, many companies take a growing immensely interest in the influence of environment for beginning a new paradigm year by year. The previous assessments dose not run the gamut of industry but is confined within a certain facility or an area. Industrial processes and operations can not be accomplished independently but are connected with each others through suppliers and customer, and these ideas are fundamental notions of Life Cycle Assessment(LCA). This paper will introduce Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) in environment which is rising, and would like to build environmental management system using approach of Quality Function Deployment(QFD) and Safety Function Deployment(SFD) belonging to the assessment method.

The objective of ECMS(Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing Systems) is to consider environmental effects through the entire product life cycle from product development stage to design, manufacturing, supplying, using and disposing stage. Recently, environment-oriented recycling, reusing and manufacturing technologies have been researched actively in every engineering fields. In the field of chemical engineering, HHS(Health Hazard Scores) which classifies and analyzes hazardous materials in production processes has been presented. Metal cutting processes also have a lot of harmful factors, and especially hazardous components in cutting fluids have been known to have a bad effect on workers and working area. However, research works such as HHS have been little accomplished in metal cutting processes. In this research, a environmentally conscious machining process is presented by classifying hazardous components in cutting fluids, by using LCA(Life Cycle Assessments) and HHS method, and by evaluating environmental effects from cutting fluids.

This study assesses greenhouse gas evolution from construction-material manufacturing facilities and estimates the potential reduction of these gases via the future massive sequestration of carbon dioxide. The scope of the evaluation specifically targets the global-warming potential in terms of kg-CO2 equivalent/tonnage industrial waste. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method to quantitatively analyze the input and output of a specific material resource during its life cycle from raw-material acquisition to final disposal as well as its environmental effect(s). LCA comprises four steps: its objective and definition of the scope, the entire life-cycle analysis list, an evaluation of its effects, and life-cycle analysis. The annual inflow of petro-ash reaches 300,000 tons, and this material is transported via screw-driving systems. The composition of the petro-ash is 1.2% volatile compounds, 6.8% fixed carbon and 92% ash contents. A total of 38,181,891 Nm3/yr of carbon dioxide is sequestrated, which is equivalent to 75,000 tons per annum and 304.5 kg/ton of petro-ash waste, with 250 kg/ton of the latter sequestrated as calcium carbonate. The final analysis on the effect of one ton of petro ash in construction materials showed 27.6 kg-CO2 eq emission. According to the final LCA analysis, only 27.6 kg-CO2 eq/ton was emitted by the petro-ash that was used in construction materials if CO2 fixation during carbonate mineralization was considered, where -250 kg-CO2 eq/ton positively contributed to the LCA. In the future, commercial-scale process modification via the realization of continuous processes and the more efficient reduction of carbon dioxide is anticipated.

국제연합식량농업기구(FAO)는 2050년, 전 세계 인구 수가 약 90억에 이를 것으로 예측하였다. 이와 같은 인구 증가는 여러 식량 및 환경 문제들을 야기할 수 있다. 또한 식량 및 에너지원 생산과정에서 자연계에 과잉으로 배출되는 질소, 인은 토양 산성화 및 부영양화 등의 환경문제를 유발할 수 있다. 이에 대한 해결책으로 FAO에서는 ‘곤충’을 자원(식･약품, 사료, 비료 등)으로 활용하는 것을 제시하였다. 현재 국내 연구는 곤충의 이용가능성 여부 및 활용기술개발 위주의 연구에 치중되어있어 곤충활용에 따른 환경성 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내에서 식용곤충으로 인정받은 곤충 6종 중 갈색거저리와 벼메뚜기를 선정하여 곤충의 활용방안에 따른 환경성 평가를 진행하였다. 갈색거저리는 최근 식량자원으로써 각광받고 있는 종이며 번데기까지 사용할 수 있는 완전변태 곤충이다. 벼메뚜기는 예로부터 식품으로 이용된 친숙한 종이며 대표적인 불완전변태 곤충이다. 본 연구의 목적은 곤충 분류(번데기의 유무)에 따른 활용방안의 환경성을 비교･평가하고 이를 기존 단백질원과 비교하는 것이다. 갈색거저리와 벼메뚜기의 환경성 평가는 질소, 인 흐름분석 및 전과정평가를 사용하였다. 이는 인간이 곤충을 단백질원으로 섭취하였을 경우와 곤충 사료로 키운 가축을 섭취하였을 경우로 나누어 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 물질흐름의 각 단계를 비료, 작물, 곤충, 가축, 사람으로 나누어 유입, 유출되는 질소와 인의 양을 산정하고 이에 따른 질소, 인 이용효율을 산정하였다. 또한 갈색거저리와 벼메뚜기 사육 시 발생하는 온실가스 량을 기존의 단백질원 생산과 비교 하였다.연구 결과 갈색거저리가 기존 단백질원인 한우와 벼메뚜기보다 질소, 인이용효율이 높았으며 온실가스 발생량이 적었다. 또한 갈색거저리는 번데기까지 사료로써 이용이 가능하기 때문에 활용범위가 넓을 것이라 생각한다.

Industrial symbiosis (IS) activities within an industrial complex can enhance environmental and economic efficiencies. This study proposed a simplified life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology as an effective tool with which to evaluate the reduction of environmental impact of IS activities. In this method, the variation of resources and energy consumptions before and after IS activities are proposed to simply evaluate its lifecycle environmental impacts. The simplified LCA was applied to an IS case between an industrial waste incineration plant and a steam production plant of a paper mill firm in the metropolitan city Ulsan. The system boundary and inventory were set for this IS, and an environmental impact assessment was carried out by standard and proposed LCA methods. The results showed that the environmental impacts after IS decreased in all impact categories with regard to the consumption reduction of boiler fuel used at the paper mill. Furthermore, the performance of environmental improvement activities such as IS can be simply evaluated by only considering the input and output changes in the environmental improvement activities. In this IS case study, the environmental impact was decreased by 11.7% (weighted impact base). This was due to the utilization of waste heat generated from an incineration plant in the process of the paper mill firm.

산업활동으로 인한 대량생산, 대량소비, 대량폐기의 사회체계는 자원고갈, 지구온난화 등의 환경문제를 유발시켜 인류의 지속가능성을 위협하고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 자원순환형 사회체계 구축은 다양성, 자립성, 안전성, 순환성을 강조하는 지속가능성의 관점에서 인류의 생존을 위한 필수적인 방향으로 인식되고 있다. 자원순환형 경제 및 산업구조 구축을 위해서는 자원순환기술의 개발을 통한 폐기물의 자원화 실현이 수행되어야 한다. 한편 폐기물 자원화를 위한 재활용기술 역시 공정가동을 위해 사용되는 에너지 및 자원으로 인해 환경오염이 발생되고, 경제적인 측면에서 새로운 자원을 채취하는 것보다 많은 비용을 발생시킬 수 있다. 따라서 재활용재와 신재에 대한 전과정평가 수행을 통해 환경·경제적 가치를 분석하고 재활용 기술의 경쟁력 증진을 위한 개선안을 도출하는 것은 지속가능한 자원순환형 경제 및 산업구조 구축을 위해 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 LCD, 반도체 등의 생산공정에서 발생하는 공정폐액에서 귀금속(금, 은)을 회수하는 재활용 기술을 대상으로 전과정평가를 수행하여 지구온난화, 자원소모, 산성화, 부영양화, 광화학적산화물생성의 5대 영향 범주에 대해 환경영향을 평가하였다. 공정폐액 1L 처리 시 지구온난화 영향은 5.26E-02 kg CO2 eq., 자원소모 영향은 3.06E-04 kg Sb eq., 산성화 영향은 1.31E-04 kg SO2 eq. 부영양화 영향은 9.70E-05 kg PO43- eq., 광화학적산화물생성 영향은 5.82E-05 kg C2H4 eq.로 도출되었다. 전과정평가 결과를 바탕으로 공정폐액 재활용 기술을 통해 회수되는 재생금의 환경･경제적 가치 분석을 수행하였다. 5대 영향범주에 대해 비용편익 분석기법에 기초하여 사회적 편익을 포함하는 영향범주 별 경제적 원단위를 적용하였다. 공정폐액을 재활용하여 회수되는 재생금 1kg을 기준으로 평가하였을 때 환경･경제적으로 31,481원의 이득을 취할 수 있으며, 공정 1cycle인 300,000L의 공정폐액을 처리할 경우 85.8kg의 재생금이 생산되므로 2,691,651원의 이득을 얻을 수 있다. 공정폐액 재활용 기술에 대한 전체 환경영향 범주에 있어 전기와 KCN으로 인한 기여도가 가장 크므로 에너지 효율을 위한 에너지원 변경 및 신재생에너지 적용 등의 방안 및 KCN을 대체 할 수 있는 물질에 대한 원단위 환경영향 비교가 필요하다. 또한, 금, 은에 대한 환경영향 회피효과가 매우 크고, 경제성 또한 확보되기 때문에 다양한 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

국제연합식량농업기구(FAO)는 2050년, 전 세계 인구 수가 약 90억에 이를 것으로 예측하였다. 이와 같은 인구 증가는 식량 부족, 물 부족, 기후변화, 자원고갈 등 여러 문제들을 야기할 수 있다. 또한 식량 및 에너지원 생산과정에서 자연계에 과잉으로 배출되는 질소, 인은 토양 산성화 및 부영양화 등의 환경문제를 유발할 수 있다. 이에 대한 해결책으로 FAO에서는 ‘곤충’을 자원으로 활용하는 것을 제시하였다. 이는 곤충을 식･약품, 사료, 비료 등으로 활용하는 것으로 식량 부족문제 및 환경문제 해결을 꾀하는 것이다. 현재 국내 연구는 곤충의 이용가능성 여부 및 활용기술개발 위주의 연구에 치중되어있어 곤충활용에 따른 환경성 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내에서 식용곤충으로 인정받은 곤충 6종 중 하나인 벼메뚜기를 선정하여 벼메뚜기의 활용방안에 따른 환경성 평가를 진행하였다. 벼메뚜기는 예로부터 식품으로 이용된 친숙한 종이다. 벼메뚜기의 성분함량을 기존의 식품 및 사료와 비교하였을 때 유사하거나 높기 때문에 단백질원 및 사료로써의 이용가능성은 충분하다. 벼메뚜기의 환경성 평가는 활용방안에 따른 질소, 인 흐름분석 및 온실가스 배출량을 산정하여 진행하였다. 이는 인간이 벼메뚜기를 단백질원으로 섭취하였을 경우와 벼메뚜기 사료로 키운 가축을 섭취하였을 경우로 나누어 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 물질흐름의 각 단계를 비료, 작물, 벼메뚜기, 가축, 사람으로 나누어 유입, 유출되는 질소와 인의 양을 산정하고 이에 따른 질소, 인 이용효율을 산정하였다. 질소와 인의 산정은 환경오염사전예방 측면에서 SCOPE 3(기타 간접 배출)에 속하는 온실가스 배출원을 포함하여 간접손실 항목에 추가하였다. 이는 기존 이용효율성 평가의 시스템 경계를 확장한 것이다. 또한 벼메뚜기 사육 시 발생하는 온실가스 량을 기존의 단백질원 생산과 비교하였다.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts of recovery of valuable metals from the desulfurizing spent catalyst. Molybdenum, vanadium and nickel widely used in the area of catalysis. But the demand of these metals is full filled by industries. Every year, more than 18,000 tons spent catalysts are discarded. In most countries, spent catalyst is classified as a harmful waste. Thus, metal recovery from spent catalyst has been processed. The recovery process of molybdenum, vanadium and nickel from spent catalyst was mainly carried out wet process. However, this process are not suitable for economics and environmental aspects. Because environmental costs for removal of sulfur in the spent catalyst is high and huge amount of industrial wastewater occurs. Thus, it is necessary to develop a process which is efficient and does not cause pollution than the wet process. Thus, we have studied life cycle assessment about the dry process for the recovery of valuable metals.

This study was initiated to examine the potential impacts on the environment during the management of food waste by anaerobic digestion in Daejeon Metropolitan City (DMC) that is built in 2017. The evaluation was based on both material flow analysis (MFA) and life cycle assessment (LCA). The MFA study was performed using STAN 2.5, while the LCA was conducted according to ISO standards by utilizing Total 4 LCA software with the incorporation of CML 2002 methodology. According to the LCA results, global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) were found to be approximately 166 kg CO2-eq/ton of food waste, 0.43 kg SO2-eq/ton of food waste, 0.66 kg PO4 3−eq/ton of food waste, and 0.08 kg C2H4-eq/ ton of food waste, respectively. The disposal stage showed higher impact of GWP on the environment due to the landfilling of solid sludge and screening waste. In case of eutrophication potential, the treatment phase showed the highest impact on the environment, mainly because of the consumption of electricity. Based on the results of normalization, the highest environmental impacts was found in the treatment stage related to eutrophication potential. The results of LCA would provide policy-makers to identify and reduce potential environmental impacts associated with food waste to biogas conversion in DMC by life cycle.