PURPOSES : This study aims to propose drone-command standard operating procedure (SOP) guidelines and Analyze their potential application to increase the use and utility of drones in urban disaster situations. Although the effectiveness and efficiency of obtaining disaster-situation information through drones have been verified by previous studies and practical experience, a survey of actual drone usability indicated a utilization rate of only approximately 4.13%. METHODS : To provide guidance for improving drone command SOPs, prior research and relevant literature were reviewed to identify commonalities between disaster-response command and control and drone use. A sample of 73 active-duty firefighters, including incident commanders (ICs) and drone pilots, were surveyed and interviewed. The data were analyzed and categorized to establish the reasons why drones are not actively used in urban disaster-response procedures. RESULTS : The primary reasons identified for not actively utilizing drones in urban disaster areas were the lack of a drone command and control system and the lack of clear criteria for when to use drones in disaster situations. In addition, many problems were found in drone-operation procedures, including emergency flight approval, securing takeoff and landing sites, and accident burden due to urban flight obstacles. To address the issues identified, standards were proposed for the type, size, and scope of urban disasters requiring drone response; for accident-prevention on basic missions and through flight safety procedures; and for installing a video transmission and reception system to easily share drone video information with ICs. CONCLUSIONS : Application of the drone-command SOP guidelines to actual urban disaster situations by disaster type will help to improve the efficiency of information acquisition and flight safety. This is expected to enable increased drone utilization. In future, extension of the research reported in this paper beyond the Seoul metropolitan area via additional follow-up studies has the potential to establish applicability of the proposed SOP guidelines to a wide variety of environments and organizational characteristics.

For the purpose of economic growth in the nineteenth century, social infrastructures have been rapidly aging since the 21st century, Currently, many of the existing infrastructure has been aged, and many national costs have been spent on safety Inspection and maintenance. It is expected that more maintenance will be costly in the future, and maintenance cost can be expected to be reduced due to safety inspection and repair and reinforcement measures in a timely manner. The measures provided in the national and international safety inspection and maintenance manual reduce the efficiency of the work by repeating document work. In addition, due to lack of information sharing among practitioners performing inspection and maintenance, it is considered that incomplete work or incurring additional costs will lead to a large national loss. Building Information Modeling (BIM) can manage all the information generated during the whole life cycle of social infrastructures. Domestic institutions are increasing the use of BIM, and the Public Procurement Service is obliged to design BIM. We expect to increase the work efficiency of practitioners by reducing repetitive document work using BIM, It will make the integrated management information enable bi-directional communication among practitioners. First of all, building a library of social infrastructures and standardizing the information classification system and procedures for BIM application should be essential. As a result, standardization studies on standard information classification system and procedures based on representative bridges among social infrastructures were conducted.

For the water content measurement in thr unapproachable site, moisture content monitering sensor was developed. It was compared with another conventional sensor and verified according to the standard procedures proposed in this study. The proposed standard procedures was also modified using data analysis through laboratory test.

최근 도시의 발달과 기후변화로 인해 재난발생이 다양하고 복잡한 상태가 되어 예측이 어려워져 많은 피해가 발생하고 있다. 이러한 재난에 대응하기 위하여 표준운영절차를 작성하여 운영하고 있으나 활용 및 운영상의 문제 등 다양한 문제가 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 재난 표준운영절차에 대한 개념 및 현황을 검토하고 도시재난 사례를 통해 표준운영절차를 분석하여 그 지역 피해주민 의식조사를 통해 표준운영 절차상 시사점을 도출하였다. 이를 바탕으로 도시재난 발생에 따른 표준운영절차상 개선방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 표준운영절차 활용 및 관리체계 향상을 위한 법·제도 개선이 필요하다. 표준운영절차에 대한 법/제도적 근거는 현재 미비한 부분이 많으며 개념도 명확하게 법적 근거로 명시되어 있지 않은 것이 현 실정이다. 이에 표준운영절차 활용의 의무화, 활용을 통한 관리체계화 등 법적 근거를 마련하여 체계적인 활용할 수 있는 여건을 마련해야 한다. 둘째, 표준운영절차 활용을 위한 교육 및 훈련 실시가 요구된다. 재난 발생 시 대응 조직 및 피해지역 주민은 혼란으로 당황하게 된다. 이에 혼란 없이 신속하게 대응하기 위해서는 교육 및 훈련에 대한 필요성을 인식하여 자발적으로 참여하는 여건을 만들고 반복적이고 지속적인 훈련을 통해 대응역량을 강화해야 한다. 이러한 체계적인 표준운영절차를 수립하여 교육 및 훈련에 활용할 수 있도록 학습해야 한다. 셋째 표준운영절차상 주민대피를 위한 예·경보체계를 강화해야 한다. 표준운영절차상에서는 주민대피를 위한 예·경보 방송, 대피를 위한 방송 등 예·경보체계가 운영되고 있다. 실질적으로 의식조사를 살펴보면 방송, 사이렌 등이 주민에게까지 전달되는 것이 미비한 실정이다. 이에 표준운영절차사상 주민대피를 위한 예·경보체계 강화를 위해 법·제도적으로도 개선이 요구되며 주민까지 신속하고 정확하게 전달하기 위한 세부적인 방안이 마련되어야 한다.넷째 주민조직 및 주민에 대한 표준운영절차상 역할을 명시하여 체계적인 대응이 이루어질 수 있도록 한다. 주민조직 및 주민에 대한 행동요령은 명시되어 있으나 상황 및 단계별로 주민조직 및 주민의 역할이 명시되어 있지는 않다. 이에 신속하게 대피하여 인명피해를 줄이기 위해서 주민조직 및 주민의 표준운영절차상 역할을 명시해야 한다.