목적: 본 연구는 코로나19를 경험한 학생선수의 인식을 은유(metaphor)분석의 방법을 통해 이해하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 중.고교 선수 87명과 대학선수 116명을 대상으로 온라인을 활용한 은유 질문과 일상, 학업, 훈련, 미래 진로 영역으로 구성된 개방형 설문을 진행하였다. 수집된 자료는 은유분석에 근거한 은유 범주에 따라 개방형 설문의 영역별 답변을 귀납적 내용분석으로 범주화 하였다. 결과: 체계적 은유분석을 통한 분석 결과 ‘걸림돌로서의 코로나19’, ‘가보지 않은 길로서의 코로나19’, ‘사막의 오아시스 같은 코로나19’ 총 3개의 은유 범주가 도출되었다. 은유 범주를 토대로 진행한 4개 영역의 귀납적 범주화 결과는 일상과 훈련영역에서는 감염확산 방지 우려에 따른 사회적 거리두기 실천으로 훈련 제한 및 지도자 부재에 따른 운동 의욕 감소와 체계적 훈련 불가에 대한 어려움을 공통적으로 보고하였다. 반면에 다양한 경험과 새로운 배움의 체험, 재충전을 통한 반성적 성찰의 시간, 효율적 학습과 자기주도적 훈련을 통한 긍정적 정서 체험은 코로나19를 의미있는 사건으로 인식하였다. 결론: 은유분석을 통한 코로나19 사태에 대한 학생선수의 경험은 훈련 제한과 출전기회 상실에 따른 미래 진로의 불안, 학습환경의 변화 등을 주요 어려움으로 인식하였다. 하지만 위기 상황에 대처하는 방법을 습득하고, 운동 이외의 새로운 배움의 체험 기회는 긍정적 대처 경험의 시간이 되기도 하였다. 은유는 내담자의 인식과 태도를 변화시키는 중요한 역할로 이를 활용한 상담의 진행은 내담자의 감정이나 생각의 이해를 수월하게 한다. 본 연구가 스포 츠 분야의 심리상담에 은유를 활용한 연구의 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대해본다.

Metaphor is a mapping between elements of source and target domains. When the mapping arises, rich background knowledge of source elements, which is called metaphorical inference, is mapped onto a target domain, resulting in metaphorical entailment. Since Lakoff and Johnson (1980), the mapping has been considered as being partial. It has been claimed that some of the elements are highlighted in the mapping and others are hidden. However, the partial nature of the metaphorical entailment has not been discussed so far. Bridging the gap, this paper observes the partial nature of metaphorical entailment, conducting the case study with the metaphor LIFE IS A BASEBALL GAME. The detailed investigation of the metaphor reveals that there are four different types of the partial entailment and that the partial nature of the entailment is due to the metonymic highlighting of various inferences.

본 논문에서는 사진에서 나타난 유아의 은유적 표현에 대해 알아보았다. 유아가 유치원과 가정에서 찍은 사진을 활용하여 이야기 나누기를 하는 동안 새로운 사고가 표출되었으며 다양한 은유적 표현이 나타났다. 본 연구에서 나타난 유아의 은유는, 자신의 경험에 기반을 둔 은유적 표현, 유아의 적극적인 사진 읽기와 은유적 표현, 함께 나누며 더해지는 은유적 표현으로 유목화하였다.

The purpose of this paper is to explore Türker (2013) in depth and analyze its significance and problems, in addition to briefly suggesting alternatives. Türker(2013) is meaningful for the following reasons: First, it is one of the few overseas studies dealing with Korean emotions. Second, it demonstrates that Korean emotion metaphors support the universality of Conceptual Metaphor Theory to a substantial extent. Third, it presents the frequency and productivity of Korean emotion metaphors based on the corpus and shows their correlation. Crucial problems with Türker (2013), however, include the following: (ⅰ) the method of selection of emotion words for the corpus analysis; (ⅱ) the selection and erroneous analysis of example sentences; (ⅲ) errors in the setting and categorizing of source domains. Consequently, given errors relating to Korean emotional metaphors in overseas journals, this paper which examines Türker (2013) in depth can offer the beginnings to prevent such errors in data and analysis from being further cited without verification of appropriacy.

This paper discusses two metaphorical extensions of the Caused-Motion (CM) Construction, the Intocausative and Out-of-causative constructions. The two constructions inherit the causative meaning from the CM, but employs several key different grammatical properties. The paper reviews some key properties of the constructions and investigate their authentic usages with the help of the corpora, COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) and COHA (Corpus of Historical American English). The paper also sketches a Construction Grammar view that may account for the shared as well as idiosyncratic properties of the two constructions in investigation.

Since sign language uses a visual and gestural mode it has more restrictions in designating concepts compared to spoken language, which uses an auditory-vocal mode. Therefore, sign language is prone to using more metaphorical and metonymical expressions. Since Lakoff and Johnson (1980), many researchers have paid great attention to the observation of the metaphorical and metonymical expressions in various spoken languages. However, the same phenomena have not been thoroughly explored in sign languages, in spite of the fact that sign language frequently employs metaphor and metonymy even in basic words. This paper observes the types of metaphor and metonymy that are used in the adjectives of Korean Sign Language. Because of the arbitrary relation of form and meaning in spoken language, metaphor and metonymy cannot be found in morphologically simple words in spoken language. However, in sign language, metaphor and metonymy are widespread phenomena even in morphologically simple words.

본 연구의 목적은 유아교사교육의 초기 과정에 있는 예비유아교사들이 지닌 유아의 놀이에 대한 인식을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 유아교육 전공 대학생 1학년 108명에게 유아에게 놀이가 의미하는 바를 은유로 표현하도록 하고 그 이유를 서술하도록 하였다. 분석 결과, 예비유아교사들이 기술한 유아의 놀이에 대한 은유적 표현은 총 81가지였으며 이들 표현은 ‘식물’, ‘동물’, ‘자연’, ‘사람’, ‘활동’, ‘추상’, ‘음식’, ‘물건’, ‘장소’ 등 9개 범주로 분류되었다. 가장 많이 나타난 범주는 ‘물건’이었으며, 다음은 ‘자연’, ‘사람’이었다. 은유적 표현에 나타난 놀이에 대한 인식은 ‘성장과 발달’, ‘즐거움’, ‘학습’, ‘자발성’, ‘탐색’, ‘생활 자체’, 그리고 ‘정서적 치유’의 7개의 범주였다. 가장 빈번하게 나타난 범주는 ‘성장과 발달’, ‘즐거움’, ‘학습’이었다. 이러한 결과는 예비유아교사들이 교사교육과정의 초기부터 놀이를 가치 있고 교육적인 것으로 여기고 있음을 나타내는 것이다.

T. S. Eliot’s grumbling voice of desire is echoed in his poem, The WaSle Land, in terms of hypertext structure and its 10gica1 form. He might call it 피npersona1ity" or “objective corre1ative’‘ in a sense of poetics. 11 is noted that the poem goes beyond an aesthetic structure as seen in print 1iterature: succeeding ideas, deve10ping metaphors and metonymy and words functioning to deve10p a coherent and strong structure in terms of cyber 1iterature. This can be called hypertext poetry (hyper poetry) or hypertext poetics and we can see from the hyper structure and form of the poem hierarchica1 text(s) in a 10gic of metaphor signifying desire. Putting together the cyber nodes, which appear by clicking and a1so alluding to human desire, we can find the source in the internet web, app1ying the re1evant theme from lhe source to newer 1iterary works. The virtua1 rea1ily in the hypertextua1 poem is perceived to be fl비1 of Greek satyr images signifying improper behavior, degradation and mutation, not 10ve or beauty. In so doing, E1iot persistent1y and carefully arranges many symbo1ic personas in tradition, mytho10gy, and art by grave ironies and absurdities of 1ife. In a sense of hyper poetη， E1iot uses such personas with desire, or in anima, to constru띠 hypertextua1ity as a way of characterizing textua1 behavior to 1et us 삐nk about the re1ationship between the poem and hypertext c비ture. E1iot focuses on the technica1 structure of arrangement within the texl, Ihe 1inkages and points of connection between and within its different 1ines, sty1es, and entire fragments This paper examines the intemet sites of the poem to consider E1iot an arranger, comp비er programmer, and inlemel sile organizer in lerms of bypertextuality. He becomes a precursor for cyber lileralure, especialJy hyper poelry in conlrasl 10 James Joyce‘5 hyperlexl narralive, Ulysses. Consequenlly, the cyber links look veη knowledgeable, Ihus taking hold of bOlh alJusions as a lilerary device, and hypertext as a study device. 80th work in such a way tbat each reaches its f1비I potenlial, making Eliot's text more widely readable with alJ of ils connotations, and glvlng us a belter opportunity to study and undersland its form and meaning.

In this paper, I argue that the surface constructions for change of state of abstract concepts such as price, mental state, state of life, and possession, passage of time, exchange of idea, etc. are patterned like a motion by means of spatial metaphor; and that English is a co-event language type, so the spatial metaphor is often realized by particles such as `up` and `down` expressing Path in a motion event and by contrast, Korean is a Path language type, so the spatial metaphor is exclusively expressed by means of motion verbs. I also argue that fictive motion such as mental or visual motion results from the metaphorical, subjective conceptualization of the coextensive phenomena such as scenery, roads, etc.

Ji-Ryong, Lim. 2003. The Metaphorical Conceptualisation of Basic Emotions in Korean. Studies in Modern Grammar 32, 141-167. The purpose of this study is to show metaphorical aspects of basic emotional expressions, focusing on the meaning extension of verbs, in terms of experientialism and folk models of cognitive linguistics. In this study the aspects of the metaphorical conceptualisation of basic emotions in Korean have been explored concerning six classes of verbs expressing `anger`, `fear`, `hate`, sadness`, `joy`, and `love` based on the semantic extension of a target domain by a source domain. The results of his study are as follows. First, the source domains applicable to all the basic emotions are `a fluid in a container`, `a thing`, `a plant`, and `food`. Second, such source domains as `a fluid in a container`, `a thing`, `a plant`, and `food` have a scenario of `the occurrence of an emotion` → `its growth` → `its disappearance`. Third, conceptual metaphors by `a fluid in a container`, `food`, `an enemy`, `a natural force` are based on physiological metonymy. Fourth, there are some differences in the aspects of metaphorical conceptualisation of negative emotions and positive ones.