Acaricidal activities of 63 commecial pesticides against the longhorned tick, H. logicornis were investigated. Twenty-two pesticides (4 cabamates, 5 organophophates, 9 pyrethroids, 1 octopamine receptor agonists, 1 diamides, and 1 unknown) against adults H. logicornis showed >80% mortalities after 72 h of treatment. The residual effect of 22 pesticides was investigated at 1, 2, 3, 7, and 10 day intervals on grass for H. logicornis adults and nymphs. Eight and twenty pesticides in H. logicornis adults and nymphs showed >80% acaricidal activity at 3 days after the treatment, respectively. 7 days after the treatment, H. logicornis adults showed <60% acaricidal activity in all pesticides, but 7 pesticides (benfuracarb, gamma cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, lammda cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, cyantraniliprole, fluxametamide) showed >80% acaricidal activity in nymphs. all pesticides exhibited <60% acaricidal activity after 10 days of treatment both adults and mymphs, except benfuracarb showed 96.7% mortality in H. logicornis nymph.

The activities of three class, five acaricides (Permethrin, Deltamethrin, Fenitrothion, Chlorpyrifos, Imidacloprid) againstHaemaphysalis longicornis nymph, a major vector for Severe Fever with Thrombo cytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) and Lymedisease. The ticks distribute at vast open fields and various kind of habitats. Five acaricides were applied to ticks collectedform four areas(Gapyeong, Paju, Chuncheon, Wonju) to confirm the effect of acaricide. This areas was the area whereSFTS disease occurred and a large nember of ticks were collected. As a result, All areas is the most acaricidal effectto Deltamethrin. And two areas(Gapyeong, Paju) has the lowest acaricidal effect to Imidacloprid and two area(Chuncheon,Wonju) has the lowest acaricidal effect to Permethrin. Futher study will need to compare the acaricidal efficacy of theremaining seven province.

Dermanyssus gallinae is parasitic to chicken, and they cause many damages such as disturbing sleep reducing for body weight and egg production by blood-sucking. To develop acaricide against D. gallinae, The acaricidal activity of 40 species plant extract were examined. Cnidium officinale extracted by Me-OH showed 82.0% acaricidal activity after treated 48 hrs at 4,000 ppm. The hexane fraction showed 92.4% mortality against D. gallinae at 48 hrs at 2,000 ppm. Purification of the biologically active constituents from the hexane extraction with acaricidal activity was done using silica gel open column chromatography and HPLC. H1122 fraction gave 80.9% mortality to D. gallinae at 400 ppm after treated 48 hrs. H1122 fraction was analyzed by GC-MS and NMR.

The American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961 (Acari: Pyroglyphidae), is recognized as an important source of allergens in the domestic environment. An assessment was made of the toxicity of constituents from essential oil of cade, Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae), and related compounds as well as four experimental spray formulations containing the oil (10–40 g/liter sprays) to adult D. farinae. In a contact + fumigant mortality bioassay, methyleugenol (24-h LC50,5.82 μg/cm2) and guaiacol (8.24 μg/cm2) were the most toxic constituents to the mites and the toxicity of these constituents and benzyl benzoate did not differ significantly.

The acaricidal activity of Asarum heterotropoides root-derived principles, methyleugenol, safrole, 3-carene, α-asarone, pentadecane and A. heterotropoides root steam distillate constituents was tested against poultry red mites Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer). All active principles were identified by spectroscopic analysis. Results were compared with those of two conventional acaricides, benzyl benzoate and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). Methyleugenol (24 h LC50 = 0.57 μg/cm2) and safrole (24 h LC50 = 8.54 μg/cm2) were the most toxic compounds toward D. gallinae, followed by 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, estragole, α-terpineol, verbenone, eucarvone, linalool, and terpinen-4-ol (LC50 = 15.65–27.88 μg/cm2). Methyleugenol was 16.7× and 11.0× more toxic than benzyl benzoate (LC50 = 9.52 μg/cm2) and DEET (LC50 = 6.28 μg/cm2), respectively; safrole was 1.1× and 0.73× more toxic. Asarum heterotropoides root-derived materials, particularly methyleugenol and safrole, merit further study as potential acaricides. Global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic acaricides in indoor environments justify further studies on A. heterotropoides root extract and steam distillate preparations containing the active constituents described as potential contact-action fumigants for the control of mites.

The toxicity of cade oil (Juniperus oxycedrus), its constituents and structurally related compounds toward adult house dust mite Dermatophagoides farina was examined. Results were compared with two commercially available acaricides, benzyl benzoate and deet. The cade oil constituents were identified by GC-MS analysis. Citral (LC50, 1.13 μg cm–2) and methyleugenol (LC50, 5.78 μg cm–2) were the most toxic compounds, followed by eugenol (LC50,12.52 μg cm–2), nerol (LC50, 21.4 μg cm–2) and terpinen-4-ol (LC50, 29.55 μg cm–2) were shown significant mortality against adult of D. farina. Toxicity of citral, methyleugenol were higher than that of benzyl benzoate, and above listed compounds was all more toxic than deet. Given the result of vapour-phase mortality tests that these compounds were more toxic in closed containers than in open ones, we concluded that vapour action plays a great role in their mode of delivery. Cade applied as 3 and 4% experimental sprays provided 96 and 100% mortality against the mites respectively, whereas permethrin (cis:trans, 25:75) 2.5 g/l spray treatment resulted in 17% mortality. Cade oil, and its constituents shown their potentials as effective alternatives for harmful synthetic acaricides for the control of Dermatophagoides populations as fumigants in contact and therefore illustrated the need for further study of this essential oil.

The toxicity of bay leaf (Pimenta racemosa) and palmorasa (Cymbopogon martini) essential oils, and its constituents, and structurally related compounds to adult American house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae was examined. Both bay leaf (24 h LC50, 131.95 μg/cm2) and palmorosa (24 h LC50, 116.10 μg/cm2) essential oils were toxic to mites. The most active principles were determined to be citral, methyleugenol, eugenol, and geranyl acetate from both bay leaf and palmorosa oils. Citral (24 h LC50, 1.13 μg/cm2), methyl eugenol (5.78 μg/cm2), eugenol (24 h LC50, 12.52 μg/cm2) and geranyl acetate (24 h LC50, 18.79 μg/cm2) were the most toxic. The toxicity of these compounds was more toxic than that of commercially available acaricides such as, benzylbenzoate (LC50,8.41μg/cm2) and deet (37.67 μg/cm2). Potent toxicity was also observed with nerol, linalool and geraniol (LC50, 21.44–54.61 μg/cm2). These compounds were consistently more toxic in closed versus open containers, indicating that their mode of delivery was largely a result of vapour action. Both bay leaf and palmorosa oil, and their constituents shown their potentials as effective alternatives for harmful synthetic acaricides for the control of Dermatophagoides populations as fumigants in contact and therefore illustrated the need for further study of these essential oils.

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is the most harmful pest among many cropping systems, particularly vegetables and other annual crops. In this study, the methanol extract from the inner bark of Tabebuia impetiginosa was evaluated for acaricidal activity against T. urticae by using a leaf disk method and were compared with commercial acaricide, abamectin. A crude methanol extract of T. impetiginosa had strongly acaricidal activity at 2,000 ppm against the T. urticae. Methanol extract of T. impetiginosa was partitioned with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction, successively. In this result, the chloroform fraction showed a strong acaricidal activity at 1,000 ppm. Therefore, active fraction of T. impetiginosa extract was purified by using silica gel column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The structure of acaricidal component was analyzed by EI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra, and was identified as TI-3123. Based on the LC50 values of TI-3123 and abamectin against T. urticae were resulted in 0.011 mg/l and 0.340 mg/l, respectively. These results showed that acaricidal activity of the T. impetiginosa can be mostly attributed to TI-3123. Furthermore, TI-3123 was approximately 30.91 times more toxic than abamectin against T. urticae. All these results suggested that active component in T. impetiginosa derived materials could be use for biological control for T. urticae. Further studies should be performed to the structure activity relationship of TI-3123 and compared with its derivatives.

The acaricidal activities of Illicium verum fruit-derived materials against adults of Dermanyssus gallinae were examined using the direct contact application method. Based on laboratory tests, an acaricidal constituent of I. verum fruit was determined because of its potent activity. Results were compared with those of the currently used acaricides such as dichlorvos, diazinon, and carbaryl. The acaricidal principle of I. verum fruit was identified as (E)-anethole using a GC-MS. Its acaricidal activity was compared with those of 12 compounds having a similar chemical moiety. Based on the LD50 values, the acaricidal activities of (+)-or-(–)-neomenthol were the strongest (0.01 ㎎/㎠]) and (E)-anethole, (+)-or-(–)-menthol, (±)-isoborneol, (–)-menthone, and (1S)-endo-(–)-borneol showed similar results (0.02 ㎎/㎠), and (1R)-(+)-camphor and (+)-menthone also gave good activities (0.03 and 0.04 ㎎/㎠, respectively). These compounds showed more toxic acaricidal activities than diazinon and carbaryl, 0.05 and > 0.2 ㎎/㎠, respectively, but were not comparable to that of dichlorvos with 0.0002 ㎎/㎠. These results indicate that the I. verum fruit-derived materials and tested compounds descried as poultry red mites-control agents could be useful for managing field populations of D. gallinae.