After the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011, interest in technology for evaluating residents’ exposure to effluents generated from nuclear power plants at the time of the accident has increased. KHNP has developed the S-REDAP program and is using it to evaluate radiation dose and recommend resident protection measures in the event of a nuclear power plant emergency. Its main functions are source term evaluation, atmospheric diffusion evaluation, radiation dose evaluation, etc. Based on these evaluations, resident protection measures are evaluated. In Japan, evaluation is conducted through a program called SPEEDI-MP (System for Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information Multi-model Package) created by JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency). Similar to S-REDAP, the program also evaluates effluents emitted from nuclear facilities through source term evaluation and atmospheric diffusion factor evaluation. In JAEA, through a program using SPEEDI-MP, the source term evaluation was performed in collaboration with NSC (Nuclear Safety Commission) in the event of the Fukushima nuclear plant accident, and dose evaluation in Japan was performed 2 months as an atmospheric diffusion factor using meteorological data for 2 days. Through comparative analysis of evaluation data from Japan, improvements to the current program be derived.

This paper attempted to analyze the correlation between the risk image of the evacuees in the tunnel and the variables that affect the evacuation behavior due to the closed feeling. As to whether there is a difference in the level of recognizing the tunnel risk image according to the distribution of jobs, the null hypothesis was rejected at the significance probability of 0.002, so it can be said that the level of recognition of the tunnel risk image varies depending on the job group. In the distribution difference between gender and tunnel risk image recognition level, the significance probability was 0.012, indicating that the null hypothesis was rejected, indicating that the tunnel risk recognition distribution according to gender was different. As a result of analyzing the distribution difference between the tunnel's closed feeling and the tunnel risk perception level, the significance probability was 0.001, and the null hypothesis was rejected, indicating that there was a difference in the tunnel risk image level.

Glass fiber, which was used as an insulation material in pipes near the steam generator system of nuclear power plants, is brittle and the size of crushed particles is small, so glass fiber radioactive waste (GFRW) can cause exposure of workers through skin and breathing during transport and handling accidents. In this study, Q-system which developed IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) for setting the limit of radioactivity in the package is used to confirm the risk of exposure due to an accident when transporting and handling GFRW. Also, the evaluated exposure dose was compared with the domestic legal effective dose limit to confirm safety. Q-system is an evaluation method that can derive doses according to exposure pathway (EP) and radioactivity. Exposure doses are calculated by dividing into five EP: QA, QB, QC, QD, and QE. Since the Q-system is used to set the limit of radioactivity that the dose limits is satisfied to nearby workers even in package handling accidents, the following conservative assumptions were applied to each EP. QA, QB are external EP of assuming complete loss of package shielding by accident and radiation are received for 30 minutes at 1 m, QC is an internal EP that considers the fraction of nuclides released into the air and breathing rate during accident, and QD is an external EP that skin contamination for 5 hours. Finally, QE is an internal and external EP by inert gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn) among the released gaseous nuclides, but the QE pathway was excluded from the evaluation because the corresponding nuclide was not present in the GFRW products used for evaluation. In this study, the safety evaluation of GFRW was performed package shielding loss and radioactive material leakage due to single package accident according to assumption of four pathways, and the nuclide information used the average radioactivity for each nuclide of GFRW. As a result of the dose evaluation, QA was evaluated as 2.73×10−5 mSv, QB as 1.06×10−6 mSv, QC as 7.53×10−3 mSv, and QD as 2.10×10−6 mSv, respectively, and the total exposure dose was only 7.56×10−3 mSv, it was confirmed that when compared to the legal limits of the general public (1 mSv) and workers (20 mSv) 0.756% and 0.038%, respectively. In this study, it was confirmed that the legal limitations of the general public and workers were satisfied evens in the event of an accident as a result of evaluating the exposure dose of nearby targets for package shielding loss and radioactive material leakage while transporting GFRW. In the future, the types of accidents will be subdivided into falling, fire, and transportation, and detailed evaluation will be conducted by applying the resulting accident assumptions to the EP.

선원의 상무라는 용어는 해양사고관련자인 선원에게 사고에 대한 책임을 물을 때 사용되는 용어이다. 그러나 선원의 상무에 따른 책임을 부과함에 따라 오히려 책임이 불분명해지기도 하며, 국제해상충돌예방규칙에 명백히 규정되어 있는 항법을 위반한 경우에도 선원의 상무에 따른 책임을 부과함으로써 개선이 필요한 부분이 희석되기도 한다. 해양안전 심판제도가 유사 사고의 재발을 방지하기 위 하여 이미 발생한 사고의 원인을 철저하게 분석하는 과정을 거친다는 사실을 상기할 때 유사 사고의 재발방지에 기여하지 못하는 원인 분석으로써 실행 가능한 한 선원의 상무는 배제하는 것이 적절할 것이다. 이에, 해양사고 조사심판 기관의 존재 이유와 선원의 상무에 대 한 학설을 전체적으로 살펴보고 법원 판결 및 재결서에서 주의의무 사용례를 함께 분석함으로써 관습적ㆍ불문적 항법으로 인식되고 있 는 선원의 상무에 대한 적용을 어떻게 개선할 수 있는지를 검토하였다. 그리고 해양사고 재발 방지라는 관점에서 ‘선원의 상무’를 ‘선원 의 통상적인 업무’라고 바꾸어 쓸 것을 제안하였으며, 합목적적인 적용을 위한 현대적 해석을 제시하였다.

Occupational fatal injury rate per 10,000 population of Korea is still higher among the OECD member countries. To prevent fatal injuries, the causes of accidents including human error should be analyzed and then appropriate countermeasures should be established. There was an severe converter furnace accident resulting in five people death by chocking in 2013. Although the accident type of the furnace accident was suffocation, many safety problems were included before reaching the death of suffocation. If the safety problems are reviewed throughly, the alternative measures based on the review would be very useful in preventing similar accidents. In this study, we investigated the converter furnace accident by using human error analysis and accident scenario analysis. As a result, it was found that the accident was caused by some human errors, inappropriate task sequence and lack of control in coordinating work by several subordinating companies. From the review of this case, the followings are suggested: First, systematic human error analysis should be included in the investigation of fatal injury accidents. Second, multi man-machine accident scenario analyis is useful in most of coordinating work. Third, the more provision of information on system state will lessen human errors. Fourth, the coordinating control in safety should be performed in the work conducting by several different companies.

There has been an increase in fire/explosion accidents caused by chemical substances used in new small/medium sized construction, reconstruction, or extension sites. There is vast room for improvement, especially in safety training, safety inspection, and selection of countermeasures because training, technicality, and management systems regarding fire·explosion risks in small/medium sized construction sites are very immature in most cases. The purpose of this study is to propose a differentiated technical, educational, and management application plan for preventative management of fire·explosion accidents caused by chemical substances used in small/medium sized construction sites.

본 연구의 목적은 가로구간 사고특성을 분석하고 주 야간 사고모형을 개발하는데 있다. 이를 위해 청주시 가로구간 24개 도로를 연구대상으로 2007년 사고 자료를 이용한다. 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가로구간의 주간 사고건수가 야간 사고건수보다 많았지만, 사고율에서는 야간사고율이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 4개의 사고모형이 개발되었으며, 이들은 통계적으로 모두 유의한 것으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로, 모형에 채택된 독립변수를 활용하여 주 야간 사고모형의 차이가 비교 분석되었다.

이 연구는 고령운전자의 사고를 다루고 있다. 본 논문은 고령운전자와 일반운전자 사이의 교통사고 특성을 비교 분석하고, 사고모형을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 청주시 4지 신호교차로를 중심으로 두 운전자 집단 간의 차이를 검증하고, 포아송 및 음이항 회귀모형을 개발하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 분석된 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고령운전자와 일반운전자 사고의 차이점이 시간대별, 사고유형별 등으로 파악되었다. 둘째, 통계적으로 설명력이 높은 고령 및 일반운전자 총 3개의 사고모형이 개발되었다. 마지막으로 공통변수와 특정변수를 활용하여 고령 일반 운전자 사고모형의 차이가 비교 분석되었다.

In the shipping industry, it is well known that around 80 % or more of all marine accidents are caused fully or at least in part by human error. In this regard, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) stated that the study of human factors would be important for improving maritime safety. Consequently, the IMO adopted the Casualty Investigation Code, including guidelines to assist investigators in the implementation of the Code, to prevent similar accidents occurring again in the future. In this paper, a process of the human factors investigation is proposed to provide investigators with a guide for determining the occurrence sequence of marine accidents, to identify and classify human error-inducing underlying factors, and to develop safety actions that can manage the risk of marine accidents. Also, an application of these investigation procedures to a collision accident is provided as a case study This is done to verify the applicability of the proposed human factors investigation procedures. The proposed human factors investigation process provides a systematic approach and consists of 3 steps: ‘Step 1: collect data & determine occurrence sequence’ using the SHEL model and the cognitive process model; ‘Step 2: identify and classify underlying human factors’ using the Maritime-Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (M-HFACS) model; and ‘Step 3: develop safety actions,’ using the causal chains. The case study shows that the proposed human factors investigation process is capable of identifying the underlying factors and indeveloping safety actions to prevent similar accidents from occurring.

Traffic accidents on the expressways during the high speed driving are severe and more damaging, compared with other traffic accidents. There has been much effort to reduce the traffic accidents by seeking for the cause of the accidents. Apart from drunk driving and driving while drowsy caused by personal carelessness, one of the main causes of the accidents on the expressways is the limit to the straight-ahead. The straight-ahead is much affected by climate and topography. Existing research on this subject investigates the accidents during the driving on the expressways under bad weather, the accidents on the freeways with design problems regarding the topology and grade and the accident frequency varying with traffic volume. The current study suggests a model including precipitation and traffic volume at a time and aims at examining their impacts on the traffic accidents on the expressways by using a binomial logistic regression analysis. The data used were the traffic accident frequency per day over a year on each link of two expressways, Donghae and Yeongdong, which represent Yeongdong and Yeongseo regions of Gangwon Province. The results tell that precipitation and traffic volume significantly affect the occurrence of the traffic accidents. The accident occurrence is also significantly different between the two expressways and even more significantly different between links within each expressway. Further research topics were identified, including the distinction between rainfall and snowfall, the inclusion of mediating variables such as the limit to the straight-ahead due to the precipitation and the differentiation between the degrees of fatality of the traffic accidents.