Thermal cutting processes that can be applied to dismantling nuclear power plants include oxygen cutting, plasma cutting, and laser cutting. According to the global trend, research projects are being carried out in various countries to upgrade laser cutting, and many studies are also being conducted in Korea with plans to apply laser cutting processes when dismantling nuclear power plants. However, with the current technology level of the laser cutting process, the maximum thickness that can be cut is limited to 250 mm. Therefore, in this study, a laser-oxygen hybrid cutting process was implemented by adding a laser heat source to the oxygen cutting process that can cut carbon steel with a thickness of 250 mm or more (RV, beam, column, beam, etc.) when dismantling the nuclear power plant. This has the advantage of improving the cutting speed and reducing the cutting width Kerf compared to conventional oxygen cutting. In this research, the laser-oxygen hybrid cutting process consisted of laser cutting to which Raycus’ 8 kW Fiber Laser power source was applied and oxygen cutting to which hydrogen was applied with Fuel Gas. The oxygen torch was placed perpendicular to the test piece, and the laser head was irradiated by tilting 35° to 70°. The effects of cutting directions on quality and performance were studied, and cutting paths were selected by comparing cutting results. Thereafter, it was confirmed that there is an optimal laser output power according to the cutting thickness by studying the effect on the cutting surface quality by changing only the laser output power under the same cutting conditions. The results of this study are expected to be helpful in the remote cutting process using laser-oxygen hybrid cutting when dismantling domestic nuclear power plants in the future.

Bayesian statistics, which is an approach to analyzing data based on Bayes’ theorem, is currently widely used in all fields. However, it has been applied very limitedly to studies related to nuclear nonproliferation. Therefore, this paper provides a knowledge base and directions for using various Bayesian techniques in nuclear non-proliferation. First, the concepts and advantages of the Bayesian approach are summarized and the basic solving methods of Bayesian inference are explained. The Bayesian approach enables more precise posterior estimation using the prior probability and the likelihood functions. To solve Bayes’ theorem, it is necessary to use the conjugate prior distribution, which is analytically solvable, or to use a numerical approach with computing power. Next, for several Bayesian statistics methods, the purpose of use and the mathematical derivation process are described. Bayesian linear regression analysis aims for obtaining a function that outputs the closest value to data of variables and results. Factor analysis is mainly used to derive a smaller number of unobserved latent variables that can represent observed variables. The logit and probit model are nonlinear regression models for when the outcome is binary. The hierarchical model is to analyze by introducing hyper-parameters in an integrated manner when there are several groups of similar data. The Bayesian approach of these methods is generally based on the numerical solution of the Bayesian inference of the multivariate normal distribution. Finally, the previous researches that each introduced method have been applied to nuclear non-proliferation are investigated, and research topics that can be applied in the future are suggested. Bayesian statistics have been mainly used for precise estimation of the amount, location, and radioactivity spectrum of nuclear materials using detectors. Using Bayesian approach, it will be possible to perform various analyzes. For example, the change of activeness of nuclear program can be estimated by Bayesian inferences on the frequency and scale of nuclear tests. And it can be tried predicting the production of plutonium according to the core configuration and burnup using the Bayesian linear regression. Also, by introducing the Bayesian approach to factor analysis or logit analysis of nuclear development motives or nuclear proliferation probability, it can be expected to improve precision. With the development of computer technology, the use of Bayesian statistics increases rapidly. Based on the theory and applied topics summarized in this paper, it is expected that Bayesian statistics will be more actively used for nuclear non-proliferation in the future.

This study is on the policy direction settings that can accomplish regional revitalization by continuously developing the various theme of rural tourism and can contribute to the improvement of the quality of life. The recent issues of SDGs are discussed, and their link with rural development, especially with rural tourism, are examined. To be specific, it focuses on healing-type rural tourism that is rising as a new theme in the tourism industry. The results have revealed the possibility of linking the indicators of SDGs and the needed resources for healing rural tourism. Therefore, it is possible to strengthen the rural tourism theme linkage, and to contribute to the regional revitalization through establishment of the detailed action indicators of rural tourism in line with SDGs. However, since research on SDGs is at an early stage, there is a need for further discussion on various examples from the rural tourism field.

최근 4차 산업혁명이라는 기치아래, 인공 지능, 사물 인터넷, 스마트 공장, 협업 로봇, 3D 프린트, 무인 자동차 등에 이어 최근에는 블록체인이라는 기술과 함께 비트코인이라는 광풍이 한바탕 광풍처럼 지났지만 아직도 여운이 가시지 않은 상태이다. 4차 산업혁명으로 우리 이상의 모든 것을 송두리째 바뀌는 현상이 다가온다. 그럼 우리의 화두인 Project Management는 현재 어디쯤 와 있으며, 세상의 변화 흐름에 따라 어떻게 대처하여야 하는가에 대하여 생각을 해보기로 하자. 세상은 변화를 시도하고 있고 생존을 위하여 살아있는 모든 것들은 이러한 변화에 동참해야 한다. 당면한 변화의 흐름에 따라 Project Management도 새로운 패러다임의 형태 변화가 필요한 시점이 되었다. 여기에는 Project Success에 대한 정의부터 달라져야 할지도 모른다. 새로운 변화의 시대를 맞이하여 Project와 Project Management가 어떻게 달라져야 하는지에 대하여 알아보도록 하자.

급변하는 환경과 다양한 수요, 격화된 경쟁 등에 효과적으로 대응하기 위하여 학교조직은 관료적이고 권위적인 조직에서, 유연하고 신속하며 전문적인 조직으로의 변화를 요구받고 있다. 그러나 그동안 이루어진 전통적 교육개혁은 하향적 변화전략을 채택함으로써 학교구성원의 변화에 대한 적극성을 이끌어내지 못했으며, 구성원 간 협력, 잠재력 개발, 학습 성과 등에 유의미한 변화를 가져오지 못해 왔다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 전통적 교육개혁의 대안으로, 학교조직에 ‘조직개발’이 어떻게 적용되고 있으며 그 의의는 무엇인지를 탐색하고 향후 발전방향과 과제를 제안하는 데에 목적이 있다. 학교조직에 주로 적용된 조직개발 개입방법으로 ‘총체적질관리’, ‘학습조직’, ‘전문가학습공동체’를 제시하였고 계획적 변화의 모델로서 ‘학교컨설팅’ 및 ‘긍정적 탐색’을 설명하였다. 향후 발전방향으로, 1) 독립된 경영단위 체제로서의 학교조직의 역할과 권한 부여, 2) 학교조직 개발 개입방법의 다양화 모색, 3) 학생들의 인지적, 정서적, 행동적 성과에 대한 관심, 4) 계획적 변화 모델의 엄격한 적용, 5) 학교조직의 독자적인 조직개발 개입방법 마련, 6) 학교 행정가의 조직개발 역량 구축, 7) 국가차원의 조직개발의 필요성을 제시하고 있다.

본 연구에서는 해안사구의 훼손원인과 경관을 구성하는데 있어 중요한 핵심종의 생태적 특성과의 관계를 파악하여 생태·경관보전지역인 하시동·안인사구의 훼손에 대한 복원방향을 제시하였다. 해안사구의 훼손원인과 핵심종 간의 관계를 파악하기 위해 순환적 피드백 관계를 이해할 수 있는 방법론인 시스템 사고를 이용하였다. 연구결과, 해안사구 훼손의 인위적 원인으로 나타난 곰솔 방풍림이 해안사구에 훼손을 줄뿐만 아니라 수달의 생태적 특성에도 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기존 해안사구의 훼손원인 관리에 있어 부족했던 식재의 관리방안의 필요성을 도출해 내었다는 점에 의의가 있다. 하지만, 인과지도에서는 변수들의 정량적 데이터를 파악할 수 없다는 한계가 있어 인과지도를 바탕으로 한 시스템 다이내믹스 모델을 구축하여 연구의 타당성과 효율성 검증에 대한 추가연구가 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in electromyographic (EMG) activities of upper limb muscles between cross- and parallel-aligned taping and to compare the effects of these 2 taping methods in healthy adults. Thirty subjects, who volunteered for this study, were tested under 3 taping conditions in random order: (1) no taping, (2) cross-aligned taping, and (3) parallel-aligned taping. EMG activities of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, flexor carpi ulnaris, and extensor carpi radialis muscles were measured. All muscles showed significant differences in EMG activity among the 3 conditions (p<.05). In the post hoc test, biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles showed significant differences in EMG activity between the no taping and the cross-aligned taping conditions and between the no taping and the parallel-aligned taping conditions. Additionally, the EMG activities of the flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis muscles appeared to be significantly different between the no taping and parallel-aligned taping conditions. These findings demonstrate that taping may be helpful for decreasing muscle activity, regardless of the direction of tape application. This study provides useful information to future researchers regarding the effects of taping on muscle activity.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to subdivide trade transaction-centered structure in a logistics/distribution industry system to apply blockchain, to establish and resolve with which types of technology, and to provide policy direction of government institution and technology to apply blockchain in this kind of industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted with previous researches centered on cases applied in various industry sectors on the basis of blockchain technology. Results - General fields of blockchain application include digital contents distribution, IoT platform, e-Commerce, real-estate transaction, decentralized app. development(storage), certification service, smart contract, P2P network infrastructure, publication/storage of public documents, smart voting, money exchange, payment/settlement, banking security platform, actual asset storage, stock transaction and crowd funding. Blockchain is being applied in various fields home and abroad and its application cases can be explained in the banking industry, public sector, e-Commerce, medical industry, distribution and supply chain management, copyright protection. As examined in the blockchain application cases, it is expected to establish blockchain that can secure safety through distributed ledger in trade transaction because blockchain is established and applied in various sectors of industries home and abroad. Parties concerned of trade transaction can secure visibility even in interrupted specific section when they provide it as a base for distributed ledger application in trade and establish trade transaction model by applying blockchain. In case of interrupted specific section by using distributed ledger, blockchain model of trade transaction needs to be formed to make it possible for parties concerned involved in trade transaction to secure visibility and real-time tracking. Additionally, management should be possible from the time of contract until payment, freight transfer to buyers through land, air and maritime transportation. Conclusions - In order to boost blockchain-based logistics/distribution industry, the government, institutionally, needs to back up adding legal plan of shipping, logistics and distribution, reviewing standardization of electronic switching system and coming up with blockchain-based industrial road maps. In addition, the government, technologically, has to support R&D for integration with other high technology, standardization of distribution industry's blockchain technology and manpower training to expand technology development.

The purpose of this study was to review of animal-assisted therapy. Method: Animal-assisted therapies (AATs) in domestic and international studies (68 cases) were analyzed by searching databases, KERIS & KISS, and the Pub MED(NCBI). Result: In AATs, a few animals were used for the various disease or disorder. Dog centered therapies were most common.. AATs were used in the various disorder and disease. For the psychological effect, majority of the outcome variables were depression and anxiety. For the physical effect, the most outcome variables were blood pressure, heart rate, and stress hormone. However, These results show that AATs were confined to specific areas such as sensation‐centered therapies. Conclusion: AATs had positive effects both in physical and psychological factors even if the study areas have not been applied to the various condition. The further research is needed to identify scientific grounds for the effects of the interventions through various therapies.

도로포장의 하부층은 시공당시 엄격한 다짐관리를 통해 시공되지만, 시간이 경과함에 따라 교통하중과 환경하중에 의해 포장하부의 품질이 저하되며 이는 도로포장의 공용성에 영향을 미친다.(박주영 등, 2012). 또한, 최근 지구온난화에 따른 이상기후로 인해 겨울철 한파가 증가하는 추세이며(기상청, 2012), 이는 포장하부층의 지반 동상과 관련하여 동결융해가 반복됨에 따라 포장하부의 지지력이 저하되고 이에 따라 도로포장의 파손이 발생된다. 이러한 악조건 속에서 포장의 파손 빈도는 급증하는 추세이며, 이에 따라 국내에서는 도로의 유지보수 및 관리에 대한 중요성이 대두 있고, 따라서 포장하부의 상태를 체계적으로 관리하고 적절한 유지보수 시기를 결정함으로서 포장의 공용성을 향상시키는 것은 매우 중요하다.포장하부의 상태를 평가하는 기법으로는 FWD(Falling Weight Deflectometer)가 존재하는데, FWD는 포장체에 하중을 재하 하여 발생되는 처짐값을 여러개의 지점에서 측정하여 하중과 처짐값의 상호관계를 이용하여 포장하부 상태를 평가한다. 또한 측정된 값을 AASHTO의 AREA 방법을 사용하여 포장의 강성을 나타내는 상대강성반경과 지지력계수를 역산할 수 있다. 일반적으로 포장하부 상태평가 시 이동식 차량 FWD를 사용하는데 현재는 차량의 진행방향에 대해서만 포장하부 상태평가를 실시하고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 동일 지점을 차량 진행방향의 반대 방향으로 포장하부를 평가할 경우 동일 지점이라 하더라도 처짐값 측정기의 위치가 달라지고, 이에 따라 상대강성반경과 지지력계수의 차이가 FWD의 측정 방향에 따라 발생하게 된다. 하지만 FWD를 양방향으로 분석하는 기법은 없으며 방향에 따른 포장하부상태의 차이가 존재함에도 불구하고 이에 대한 명확한 지침이 또한 없는 상태이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 FWD의 진행방향에 따른 포장하부 상태를 평가하였다. 이를 위해 유한요소해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS를 사용하여 하중에 따른 처짐값을 양방향에 대해 측정하였고, 측정된 값을 사용하여 방향에 따른 상대강성반경과 지지력계수의 차이를 분석하였다. 또한 포장하부의 지지력계수 변화에 따른 상대강성반경의 변화를 양방향에 대하여 분석하였고, 이어 포장하부에 공동을 모사하여 공동의 크기와 지지력계수의 변화에 따른 상대강성반경의 변화를 분석하였다.