바이오디젤은 중립연료로써 친환경 연료로 알려져 있으며, 육상에서는 일정 비율을 의무 혼합하는 정책을 시행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 바이오디젤의 선박 연료로써의 사용 가능성을 검증하기 위해 선박용 경유와 바이오디젤의 혼합비율 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 20 %에 대해 성분 분석, 금속 부식성 실험, 저장 안정성 실험을 수행하였다. 성분 분석은 ISO 8217:2017 기준에 따라 밀도, 동점도, 인화점 등 총 8가지를 평가하였으며, 180일 동안 상온과 가혹 조건(60 ℃)에서 금속 부식성 실험과 저장 안정성 실험을 통해 바이오디젤 신뢰성을 검증 하였다. 연구 결과, 성분 분석은 바이오디젤 모든 혼합비율에서 ISO 8217:2017 기준을 만족하였으며, 바이오디젤 비율에 따라 동점도, 밀 도, 산값은 혼합비율이 높아질수록 높게 나타났으며, 황분은 혼합비율이 높아질수록 낮게 나타났다. 금속 부식성은 탄소강, 철, 알루미늄, 니켈의 경우 부식이 거의 발생하지 않았으나, 구리의 경우 60 ℃ 환경 바이오디젤 20 % 혼합에서 산소가 풍부한 바이오디젤의 영향으로 부식이 발생하였다. 저장 안정성은 모든 바이오디젤 혼합비율을 180일 동안 상온과 가혹 조건에서 저장한 결과, 변색, 슬러지 발생, 연료 분리가 육안으로 확인되지 않았다.

In this study, the effects of fuel injection pressure changed from 45 to 65 MPa on combustion and emission characteristics were investigated in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine fueled with diesel and palm oil biodiesel blends. The engine speed and engine load were controlled at constant 1700rpm and 100Nm, respectively. The tested fuel were PBD20 (20 vol.% palm oil biodiesel blended with 80 vol.% diesel fuel). The main and pilot injection timing was fixed at 3.5°CA BTDC and 27°CA BTDC (before top dead center), respectively. The experimental results show that the combustion pressure and heat release rate increased. In addition, the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and maximum combustion pressure increased with an increase of the fuel injection pressure. Hydrocarbon (HC), smoke opacity and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased, but oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions increased as fuel injection pressure increased.

This study describes the effects of palm oil biodiesel (PD) blended with diesel on the combustion performance, emission characteristics and soot morphology in a 4-cylinder CRDI diesel engine. 5 kinds of fuels are used with blending as diesel/biodiesel volume ratio 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 100%. The engine is operated under idle speed, 750rpm and load conditions of the engine are 0 Nm and 40Nm. The Coefficient of Variation(COV) of Indicated Mean Effective Pressure(IMEP) shows that the engine operates very steadily in the idle state. But fuel consumption is increased. And Emission results show that the oxygen in biodiesel has a great influence on the production of exhaust emissions. The nitrogen oxides(NOx) is decreased because of high viscosity and low heating values of biodiesel at low blend ratio. But NOx and Carbon monoxide(CO) are increased above a certain blend ratio. Particulate matter(PM) and Hydrocarbons(HC) is decreased according to increase of blend ratio. The size of soot is decreased and the morphology of soot is developed to cluster with increasing blend ratio.

In this study, the applicability of biodiesel fuel was investigated as an hopeful alternative fuel for a compression ignition engine. The exhausted smoke emission of biodiesel fuel was reduced remarkably in comparison with commercial diesel fuel, that is, it was reduced approximately 64% at 2500 rpm, full load condition. And, torque, power and brake specific energy consumption rate did not showed significant differences. But, NOx emission of biodiesel fuel was slightly increased in comparison with the commercial diesel fuel. Generation of CO2 is considerably reduced by photosynthetic action in the course of growing biomass series plants, the material for biodiesel fuel.

Our environment is faced with serious problems related to the air pollution from automobiles in these days. In particular, the exhaust emissions of diesel engines are recognized as main causes of the air pollution. CRDI (common rail direct injection) diesel engine is widely used for the sake of minimization on exhaust emission. Because biodiesel fuel is a renewable and alternative fuel for diesel engine, its usability is expanded. An commercial CRDI diesel engine used to commercial vehicle was fueled with diesel fuel and 5% biodiesel blended fuel (BDF 5%) with city mode in excess of 300 hours. The engine performance and exhaust emissions were sampled at 1 hour interval for analysis. To check the engine parts (valve, injector), the engine was inspected after test. It was concluded that there was no unusual deterioration of the engine, or any unusual changes in engine power and exhaust emissions in spite of operation of 300 hours with BDF 5%.

In this study, the potential of biodiesel fuel and oxygenated fuel (ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether; EGBE) was investigated as an effective method of decreasing the smoke emission. The smoke emission of blending fuel (EGBE 0~20 vol-%) was reduced in comparison with diesel fuel and it was reduced approximately 64% at 2000 rpm, full load in the 20% of blending rate. But torque and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) didn't have large differences. Also, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the characteristics of NOx emission has been investigated. Consequently, it was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx was achieved with biodiesel fuel and oxygenated fuel(10%) and cooled EGR rates (5~10%) in a DI diesel engine.

The diesel engine is excellent in economic and thermal efficiency, and is widely used as a power source for industries and automobiles. However, the problem of environmental pollution caused by exhaust gas has recently become serious and the development of alternative energy resources is urgently required due to depletion of fossil fuel. Because biodiesel is similar in properties to light oil, it is being used as fuel for diesel engines by replacing or mixing conventional light oil. As the blending of biodiesel fuel in diesel increases, the emission of harmful substances is decreased as compared with the general diesel fuel, and the supply is increasing. In this study, the effects of biodiesel fuel on engine power and exhaust gas were investigated, and empirical formulas for various NOx and Smoke exhaust gases were derived based on biodiesel blending fuel.

전통적인 화석 에너지 자원의 고갈과 환경오염 악화 등의 관점에서 볼 때 에너지 절약 및 배출가스의 저감은 동시에 해결해야 되는 문제로 대두되고 있다. 바이오연료는 대체연료의 하나로서 이러한 문제들을 효과적으로 해소할 수 있는 대안으로 떠오르고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 커먼레일 터보과급디젤기관에서 카놀라유 바이오디젤연료의 적용효과를 알아보기 위하여 실험적으로 고찰하였다. 실험에 사용된 연료는 ULSD(초저황 디젤유), BD20(체적비로 20%인 카놀라유와 80% 디젤유 혼합) 및 PCO(순수한 카놀라유)를 사용하였다. 카놀라유 바이오디젤연료의 혼합율이 증가함에 따라 입자상물질(PM)과 일산화탄소 (CO)는 크게 감소하였으며, 질소산화물(NOx)은 약간 증가하는 현상을 보였다.

Biodiesel fuel (BDF) can be effectively used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. The BDF, however, may affect performance and exhaust emissions of the diesel engine because it's physical and chemical properties are different with from the diesel fuel such as viscosity, compressibility and so on. To investigate an effect of injection timing on characteristics of performance and exhaust emissions with the BDF in an IDI diesel engine, this research applied the BDF derived from soybean oil in this study. The engine was operated with six different injection timings from TDC to BTDC 12 ˚CA and six different loads at the engine speed of 1500 and 2000 rpm. In less then the BDF 20, it showed the similar trend compare to the diesel fuel. But, the best injection timing was 2˚CA retarded compare to the diesel fuel with BDF 50.

Biodiesel as alternative energy source of the traditional petroleum fuels has increased interest, because environmental pollution based exhaust emissions from vehicle became serious. The advantage of biodiesel produced from esterification of vegetable and animal oils can be used without the modification of existing diesel engine, but glycerin is generated by production process. In this study, the usability of non-esterification biodiesel as an alternative fuel was investigated in a indirect injection diesel engine. The non-esterification biodiesel has not generated glycerin in esterification process and reduced the 20 percent of cost because it has not used methanol in the production process. Experiments were conducted by using the 5, 10 and 20 percentage of biodiesel and 4 and 8 percentage of biodiesel with 1 and 2 percentage of WDP in baseline diesel fuel. The smoke emission of biodiesel was reduced in comparison with diesel fuel, but power, torque and brake specific energy consumption was similar to diesel fuel.

This study describes the effects of canola oil biodiesel (BD) blended fuel on the combustion performance and emission characteristics in a 4-cylinder common-rail direct injection diesel engine. In this study, with the increasing of engine loads, the biodiesel blend fuels(100 vol.% ULSD and 0 vol.% biodiesel blend, BD0; 80 vol.% ULSD and 20 vol.% biodiesel blend, BD20; 0 vol.% ULSD and 100 vol.% biodiesel blend, BD100; ULSD: ultra low sulfur diesel) were used at an engine speed of 1,500rpm. The experimental results showed that with the increasing of biodiesel blend rate, the combustion pressure decreased slightly at engine load of 20~60Nm. However, the rate of heat release (ROHR) increased clearly and ignition delay time was shortened. With the increasing of biodiesel blend rate, the carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were more decreased at all of the engine loads.

Injection rate characteristics of biodesel fuels according to the blending ratio was described in this work. The injection rate measuring system based on the Bosch's method was utilized to measure and compare the fuel injection rate characteristics. Three different types of biodiesel which were derived from seed, unpolished-rice, and soybean were blended with the diesel fuel in 20% and 40% of volumetric ratio. The fuel properties, injection mass, and injection rate characteristics were obtained and compared in various injection conditions. It is expected that this observations provide important insights into the effect of fuel properties on the biodiesel fuel injection rate performance in a CI engine

Hydrotreated biodiesel(HBD) is paraffinic bio-based liquid, with the chemical structure CnH2n+2, originating from vegetable oil(the process can also be applied to animal fat). The oil or fat is treated in a number of process, the most important being hydrogenation, in order to create a bio-based liquid diesel fuel. During the hydrogenation, oxygen is removed from the triglyceride and converted into water. Propane is formed as a by product and can be combusted and used for energy production. HBD can be used in conventional diesel engines, pure or blended with conventional diesel, due to its similar physical properties to diesel. This study reports the quality characteristics with chemical and physical properties as an alternative diesel fuel. Especially, HBD showed higher cetane value and number than FAME, and it is consisted of C15 - C18 n-paraffinic compounds. We also describes quality characteristics of HBD blends(2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 vol%) in automotive diesel. HBD blends(max. 20 vol%) were the limit by the Korean specification due to poor low temperature characteristics.

산유국으로부터 에너지 독립을 하고 대기오염방지를 위한 배기배출물을 저감시키기 위하여 대체연료에 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 폐유나 새로운 식물성 기름과 동물성 기름으로부터 생성할 수 있는 바이오디젤유가 압축점화기관인 디젤기관에 구조적인 변화없이 사용될 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 4행정 직접분사식 디젤기관을 이용하여 순수 디젤유와 바이오디젤 혼합유(바이오디젤 10% 및 20% 함유)의 연료소비율과 배기배출물에 미치는 영향을 제시했으며, 특히 실험에 사용된 바이오디젤 연료는 우리 실험실에서 유채유로부터 직접 생산되었다. 이 연구 결과 바이오디젤 혼합유가 디젤유 보다 연료소비율과 질소산화물은 약간 증가 되었고 일산화탄소와 매연은 상당히 감소되었다.

Transesterfication of vegetable oils and methanol with alkaline catalyst was carried out to produce biodiesel fuel by continuous process. The process consists of two static mixers, one tubular reactor and two coolers and gave 96~99% of methyl ester yield from soybean oil and rapeseed oil. Experimental variables were the molar ratios of methanol to vegetable oil, alkaline catalyst contents, flow rates, mixer element number. The optimum ranges of operating variables were as follows; reaction temperature of 70℃, l:6 of molar ratio of methanol to oil, O.4%(w/w) sodium hydroxide based on oil, static mixer elements number of 24 and 4 min. residence time.