We investigated pollination and foraging activities of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and bumblebee (Bombus terrestris L.) during flowering season of the asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia N.) under different weather conditions. There was no significant statistical difference about the pollination activities of two species. However, the pollination activities of bumblebee were more active than those of honeybee under low temperature and rainfall period. The activities of honeybee and bumblebee were more influenced by temperature than other factors (i.e. illumination and wind velocity). Honeybee was more sensitive to temperature and illumination than bumblebee. At low temperatures (<20℃) on cloudy days (<30,000 lux) with a certain wind velocity (>4.0 m/s), the pollination activity of the honeybee was lower twice than that of bumblebee.

Recently, the flies are used to pollinate onion for seed production in Korea. However, the use of flies for pollination has caused complaints by local residents in onion seed production owing to sanitation issues and smell. Therefore, we studied the effects of pollination with bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) and flies(e.g., houseflies, flesh flies, blue bottle flies and blowflies) at small net(1.8m×2.3m×1.8m) in the greenhouse(66m2) for onion seed production. Although the number of flies was about 70 times than number of bumblebee workers, flies and bumblebees showed equivalent pollination efficiency. Therefore, pollination by B. terrestris can be used as an alternative approach in seed production of onion. An analysis of the most appropriate colony of B. terrestris for seed production of onion in small net showed that colony composed of fifty to eighty workers per small net was the most efficient level. When early maturing onion cultivars ‘Salad-5’ and ‘Yeonsinwhang’, and mid-late maturing onion cultivar ‘Colossus’ were pollinated by B. terrestris and files in small net, B. terrestris showed rather efficient pollination efficiency than flies or was equivalent to flies. In addition, difference among onion cultivars was affecting pollination effect by flies but was not affecting pollination effect by B.terrestris.

체리의 경우 유과기나 과실수확기에 비가 잦을 경우 각종 곰팡이에 의한 과실썩음병과 열과가 발생하여 고품질의 과실을 생산하기 어렵다. 따라서 우리나라와 같이 장마기가 있는 기후조건에서는 농약살포 횟수를 줄이고 고품질의 과실을 안정적으로 생산하기 위해서는 반드시 비가림 시설재배가 필요하다. 국내에서 체리의 개화시기는 4월 상 중순으로 개화기 저온에 의해 자연상태의 꿀벌을 통한 화분매개는 결실율이 불안정하며, 봄철에는 화분매개용 꿀벌 봉군을 구입하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최근 시설재배 방울토마토, 애호박 등에서 화분매개용으로 많이 이용되고 있는 서양뒤영벌을 비가림 재배 조건에서 꿀벌을 대신하여 체리에 대한 화분매개 곤충으로 이용코자 하였다. 방화활동력은 서양뒤영벌의 경우 한 꽃에 약 6초 정도 머물러 분당 11개 정도의 꽃을 방문하였고, 꿀벌의 경우 한 꽃에 약 15초씩 머물러 분당 4~5개 정도의 꽃을 방문하였다. 또한 결실율과 과실특성에 있어 두 벌 처리구 간에 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 따라서 비가림 체리 재배에서 개화기에 화분매개용으로 꿀벌을 대신하여 서양뒤영벌을 이용하더라도 어떠한 부정적인 영향은 없었다.

This study was surveyed the effects by pollinating activity of Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris released in the paprika vinyl-houses. The foraging activity and behaviour of A. mellifera and B. terrestris visited on the paprika flowers were nearly alike. The pick times of pollinating activity by A. mellifera and B. terrestris were showed the hightest at 11:00 and 15:00, and 09:00 to 11:00, respectively. The rate of fruit set by A. mellifera and B. terrestris released for pollinating paprika were same level with 94%, and these rate were higher than the fruit setting rate which was 92% by fan operated. The qualities of paprika produced by pollinators released were higher than those by fan operated. And weight per fruit, number of seeds per fruit and economical profit per 2,310 ㎡ were over 10% higher than those by fan operated. Therefore the economical effects by the pollinating activities of A. mellifera and B. terrestris released in the paprika vinyl-houses were obviously demonstrated.