When three cultivars, “Shinsunchalbyeo”, “Nokmi” and “GW-05-01”, which was collected from native glutinous rice, were exposed to increased salinity stress in exogenous solution and duration of salt stress, leaf relative water content (RWC), root water uptake and chlorophyll fluorescence were observed the significant decrease at ≥500mM NaCl concentration for 4 day stress. These decrease in leaf RWC showed 69%, 77% and 67% for Shinsunchalbeyo, Nokmi and GW-05-01, respectively, in water uptake these effects showed 84%, 85% and 91%. The difference in Fv/Fm of plants treated with 500mM NaCl showed 0.62, 0.68 and 0.78 compared with 0.78, 0.81 and 0.75 in control treatment. The effects of NaCl stress in rice seedlings indicate that the leaf RWC and photosynthetic capacity is more sensitive GW-05-01 in comparison with Shinsunchalbyeo and Nokmi, and water uptake in root is more resistant. Average plant height in Shisunchalbyeo, Nokmi and GW-05-01 showed 107, 102 and 111cm, and the 1000 grains weight were 25.5, 20.3 and 21.8, respectively.

인삼은 연작지 재배가 불가능하고 주산지의 우량 예정지 고갈로 인하여 제주도를 제외하고 국내 전국에서 재배하고 있다. 지역별 기후형태가 상이함에도 불구하고 동일한 해가림 구조로 재배하고 있어 일부지역에서 피해가 발생하고 있어 지역에 적합한 표준 해가림 재배기술이 필요하다고 생각된다. 따라서, 본 연구는 남부지역(밀양, 나주, 해남)에서의 적정 해가림구조를 밝히고자 실시하였다. 실험은 2008년 부산대학교 부속농장(밀양)에 묘삼을 이식하였고 해가림 시설은 차광망(검정 차광망), 차광판(비누수 광반사 차광판), 차광지+망(청색 비누수차광지에 검정색 차광망), 차광지(청색 비누수차광지)를 후주연결식으로 설치하여 삼집내 광량과 온도를 측정하였고(Li-cor사의 LI-2000) 광합성속도와 엽록소 형광반응은 생육하고 있는 2년생 인삼을 이용하여 Li-cor의 LI-6400으로 조사하였다. 해가림 자재별 광량은 차광판과 차광지에서 높은 경향을 보였으며, 차광판의 경우 전주에서의 반사광의 유입으로 삼집내 광량이 높은 경향이 있었고, 차광지의 경우 투광량이 높아 광량이 높게 나타냈다. 차광지+망과 차광망에서는 광량이 낮은 경향이었다. 온도는 차광판이 가장 낮은 경향이었는데 이는 직접광이 삼집내로 투과되지 못한 원인으로 사료되며, 다음으로 차광망, 차광지+망, 차광지 순으로 높은 경향을 보였다. 차광지의 경우 투광량이 높아 인삼에서 고온장해가 생기는 현상이 나타났다. 광합성의 경우, 광강도가 증가함에 따라 광합성속도가 증가하는 경향이 있었고, 해가림 자재에 따라 비교하면 차광판에서 높은 경향을 보였으며, 다음으로 차광망과 차광지+망이 높았고, 차광지에서 낮은 경향이었다. 엽록소 형광반응에서 Fo는 차광판에서 낮은 경향이었으며, 다음으로는 차광망, 차광지+망, 차광지 순으로 높은 경향을 보였다. Fv/Fm에서는 차광판에서 높았고, 차광망, 차광지+망, 차광지 순으로 낮은 경향이 있었다. ETR은 차광판에서 가장 높은 경향이 나타냈으며, 다음으로 차광망, 차광지+망, 차광지로 낮은 경향을 보였다.

4가지 다른 광도조건의 비음처리구에서 2년간 생육한 먼나무 묘목의 총 엽록소 함량은 비음처리 강도가 높아질수록 총 엽록소 함량도 큰 값을 나타냈다. 광합성 특성을 알아보기 위해 조사된 광합성 능력, 엽육내 CO2 농도, 수분이용효율 모두 무처리에서 가장 높은 광합성 효율을 나타냈으며 비음처리별 비교에서도 광도가 낮아질수록 낮은 광합성 효율을 나타냈다. 특히, 가장 낮은 광도조건인 70% 차광처리구는 높은 광도조건에서 가장 낮은 광합성 효율을 나타냈는데 이는 낮은 광도조건에 순화된 광합성 기구가 높은 광도 조건에 적응하지 못한 결과로 사료된다. 잎의 형태적 특성에서는 광도조건이 낮을수록 큰 엽면적을 나타냈으며 단위면적당 건중량은 무처리에서 가장 큰 값을 나타냈다.

In order to investigate the effect of inflow of Yangze river on the distribution of chlorophyll-a, the results of serial oceanographic observation during 2000-2005 were used. The oceanographic conditions in the northern East China Sea is influenced by the Tsushima Warm Current and low saline water derived from the Yangze river. The distributions of these water masses vary significantly by the season in the northern East China Sea. The sea surface temperature and salinity were stable and concentrations of chlorophyll-a were low in the eastern part of 126°E. On the contrary, the salinity was significantly influenced by the low saline water derived from Yangze river with the high concentrations of chlorophyll-a. It is suggested that the low saline water inflowed from the Yangze river affects high concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the northern East China Sea in summer.

Temporal and spatial variabilities of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) in the northern East China Sea (ECS) are described, using both 8-day composite images of the SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor) and in-situ data investigated in August and September during 2000-2005. Ocean color imagery showed that Chl-a concentrations on the continental shelf within the 50 m depth in the ECS were above 10 times higher than those of the Kuroshio area throughout the year. Higher concentrations (above 5 mg/m3) of yearly mean Chl-a were observed along the western part of the shelf near the coast of China. The standard deviation also showed the characteristics of the spatial variability near 122-124°E, where the western region of the East China Sea was grater than that of the eastern region. Particularly the significant concentration of Chl-a, up to 9 mg/m3, was found at the western part of 125°E in the in-situ data of 2002. The higher Chl-a concentrations of in-situ data were consistent with low salinity waters of below 30 psu. It means that there were the close relationship between the horizontal distribution of Chl-a and low salinity water.

Illicium anisatum was bred under four different light intensity. Those condition were full sunlight(PPFD 1600μmol m-2 s-1), 30% treatment(PPFD 400 μmol m-2 s-1), 50% treatment(PPFD 250 μmol m-2 s-1) and 70% treatment(PPFD 100 μmol m-2 s-1), respectively. Chlorophyll a and b were increased according to decrease of light intensity. Thirty percent and 50% treatment had not significant different in chlorophyll a and b. Thirty percent treatment was shown the best photosynthetic activity through invested photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency. Photosynthetic activity trend of 50% treatment was similar to 30% treatment. Seventy percent treatment was shown the best photosynthetic activity at low light intensity but that was decreased to lower value than 30% and 50% treatment under high intensity. Control, bred full sunlight, was shown the worst photosynthetic activity at measured all light intensity. That result could imply that was caused by photoinhibition because of long term exposed of shade tolerant plant at high light intensity. Leaf characteristics had not significant different in leaf length, width and area but leaf dry weight had similar trend to photosynthetic activity.

약용 및 박과접목묘의 대목으로 이용되는 안동대목 유묘의 생장과 형태는 접목 효율과 접목묘의 상품성에 커다란 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 박과대목으로 이용되고 있는 양질의 안동대목 유묘 생산에 관한 정보를 제공하고자 차광처리(백색, 적색 및 알루미늄 코팅 부직포)가 안동대목의 유묘 생장과 자엽의 엽록소 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 초장과 하배축 길이는 백색부직포 처리에서 가장 길었던 반면, 본엽의 크기 및 하배축 직경은 적색부직포 처리에서 가장 크고, 굵었다. 2. 무차광에 비하여 부직포의 색상에 따라 특정 부위의 건물중이 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 백색부직포 처리는 자엽의 건물중이, 적색부직포 처리는 자엽과 본엽의 건물중이, 알루미늄 코팅 부직포 처리는 본엽, 하배축과 뿌리의 건물중이 현저히 감소되어 전체 건물중은 무차광, 백색, 적색 및 알루미늄 코팅 부직포 처리 순으로 감소하였다. 3. 자엽의 엽록소 함량은 부직포의 색상에 따른 차이가 없었다 할지라도 무차광에 비하여 부직포로 차광시 감소되었다. 4. 이상의 결과로부터 안동대목의 육묘시 무차광이 최선이나, 차광을 해야 한다면 백색 또는 적색 부직포를 이용해야 할 것이다.

The diurnal changes of chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidative enzyme activity were investigated in the leaves from four subtropical plant species (Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum Bak., Osmanthus insularis Koidz., Asplenium antiquum Makino and Chloranthus glaber Makino) under the natural habitats in summer and winter. The intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence was lower in O-, I-, J-, P-steps of O-J-I-P transient in winter than summer, and prominent diurnal change was not found in the fluorescence intensity of four subtropical plant species in winter. The activity and isoenzyme pattern of SOD and catalase did irregularly change seasonally and diurnally in four subtropical plant species. In contrast, the peroxidase activity and isoenzyme pattern was different depending on plant species and growth seasons; The activity increased slightly more in winter than in summer in four subtropical plant species, and several isoenzymes appeared in the leaves from C. asiaticum var. japonicum, O. insularis and A. antiquum in winter.

High concentration of chlorophyll a occurred around the Ulleung Warm Eddy off Ulleung Island in the East Sea of Korea in spring season. The abnormal distributions of chlorophyll a were captured by satellite remote sensing and measured field data. The temporal and spatial scale of the abnormal distributions were around 20 days and 50km diameter off Ullung Island. The anomalies were quantified by estimated chlorophyll a derived from OCM and SeaWiFS ocean color data from 2000 to 2004. The origin of abnormal high concentrations was estimated by this study. It was that suspended material discharged from the Nakdong River and the coastal water located in the southeastern part of Korean Peninsula moved to northeastern coast, and then moved to off Ullung Island. The high chlorophyll a concentrations including inorganic materials were accumulated by anticyclonic eddy such as the Ullung Warm Eddy around Ullung Island in the East Sea of Korea in spring season.

A comparison between the estimated chlorophyll a from OSMI, the SeaWiFS and the chlorophyll a measured from the research cruises of National Fisheries Research and Development Institute was made. The updated empirical algorithm for calibrating and validating of the estimated chlorophyll a in the East China Sea was formulated by relationship between the estimated chlorophyll a and the field one. The relationship between the chlorophyll a and the band ratio(nLw490/555) was still highest in the OSMI data after launching of KOMPSAT satellite. The distributions of OSMI chlorophyll a were compared with those of sea surface temperature, zooplankton biomass, and catch amounts of the Pacific mackerel in the East China Sea. In case of the relationships in specially winter seasons of 2002 and 2004, the zooplankton and the fish were totally depended on the distributions of SST than those of chlorophyll a.

광계II(PSII)는 고등식물의 chloroplast에서 두 개의 광합성 반응중심 중의 하나이다. Chlorophyll a/b 광수확 복합체는 광계II를 위한 안테나 역할을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 인삼의 잎조직을 제작한 cDNA library로부터 chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (Cab) 유전자를 분리하였다. 인삼 Cab유전자는 935 bp의 염기와 265개의 아미노산 잔기(pI 5.63)로 구성된 한 개의 ORF를 포함하고 있으며, 단백질의 분자량은 28.6 kDa으로 추정되었다. 인삼에서 분리한 Cab 유전자는 기존에 식물에서 보고된 유전자들과 유사성을 나타내었으며, 유사도는 68-92%로 나타났다. 아미노산 서열을 비교하여 유연관계를 분석한 결과 인삼의 Cab 유전자는 비교된 P. persica (AAC34983), A.thaliana (AAD28771), G. hirsutum (CAA38025), G. max (AAL29886), V. radiata (AAF89205) 등과 동일한 그룹으로 분리되었다.

Study on effectiveness of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], local cultivar 'Sathiya' were carried out in the garden soil of Trib-huvan University. Different parameters like nodulation, chlorophyll content in fresh leaves and growth of plant in inoculated and uninoculated plant was studied. Pot experiment was conducted in the green house to evaluate the effectiveness of B. japonicum on soybean. It was observed that B. japonicum inoculation increased the number of nodules, shoot length of plant and total chlorophyll content in fresh leaves of soybean plant. However, root length was decreased in all inoculated plants.

In order to study the temporal variations of nutrients and chlorophyll-a in the Bottol Bada, three field observations were carried out on 20, 23 and 26 July, 2004. The low N:P values exhibit nitrogen deficiency during the periods of observation. This result is not representative of typical summer environment in the southern coast of Korea. The possible mechanisms are as follows: 1) The freshwater inflow was not sufficient for the supply of nitrogen because the total precipitation was 11.9 mm in July, 2004. This amount is no more than 5% in normal precipitation in July. 2) There was an inflow of oceanic water under the subsurface into the Bottol Bada. Even though the oceanic water comprises more nutrients, it produces the stratification between the surface and the subsurface water and seems to prevent the supply of nutrinets to the surface layer. 3) The high chlorophyll-a concentration of 1.2 μg/L was shown near the narrow channel between Gae-do and Geumo-do. This seems to be resulted from the inflow of water from Gamak Bay.

We have developed and tested a new method for nondestructive estimation of chlorophyll- and nitrogen-contents in rye leaf. It was found that the relation-ships among nitrogen, chlorophyll content and fresh weight were significantly positive correlated. Nitrogen and chlorophyll content were positively correlated whereas correlation coefficients among R, G, R-B and G-B on the basis of photo-numerical values were negative. We have found that R/(R-B) obtained from data of digital camera is the best criterion to estimate the chlorophyll content of leaves. The regression curves of the relation between R/(R-B) and chlorophyll content were also calculated from the data collected on cloudy days. The coefficients of determination (~textrmr2 ) were ranged from 0.33 to 0.99. In this study, the accuracy in estimating chlorophyll content from the color data of digital camera image could be improved by correcting with R, G, and B values. It is suggested that, for practical purposes, the image values estimated with sufficient accuracy using a portable digital camera can be applied for determining chlorophyll content and nitrogen status in plant leaves.

엽록도(SPAD-502)에 따른 엽록소와 질소농도의 관계를 구명하여 벼 재배기술 개발 및 품종육성의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 2001년 작물 시험장 벼 재배 포장에서 화성벼와 광안벼를 이용하여 실험 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 염록도(SPAD값)는 표준시비량(11kg/10a)에서 이앙 이후부터 출수기까지 화성벼가 광안벼보다 1.2-4.4가 낮았다. 2. 엽록소 a함량과 SPAD값은 품종 구분 없이 정의 상관관계로서 엽록소 a 함량(y)은 SPAD값(x)과 y=0.9582x-6.9078 (R2 = 0.4307** )의 관계가 성립되었다. 3. 광안벼와 화성벼 지엽의 엽록소 함량은 유의하게 차이가 인정되었으나 엽록소 b의 함량은 차이가 없었다. 따라서 총엽록소 함량에 대한 엽록소 b의 비율은 유의하게 차이가 있었다. 4. SPAD값과 엽록소 함량의 상관관계는 엽록소 a는 화성벼는 0.616** , 광안벼는 0.536** 으로 두 품종 모두 정의 상관이 인정되었으나, 엽록소 b는 화성벼는 0.298, 광안벼는 0.549** 로 광안벼만이 인정되어 품종에 따른 차이가 있었으며, 전체 엽록소 함량은 화성벼는 0.541** 광안벼는 0.596** 로 정의 상관이 있었다. 5. SPAD 값과 질소농도의 상관관계는 화성벼는 0.608** , 광안벼는 0.685** 로 정의 상관이 인정되었다. 그러나 동일 처리의 시험에서도 품종간 SPAD값과 엽록소함량 및 질소농도의 관계가 다르게 나타나므로 SPAD값을 이용하여 엽록소 함량과 질소농도를 추정하는 것은 한계가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 재배시 62%로 크게 감소되었다.다.0일이었다.환경적응성이 낮은 경향이었다.은 모두 경운 유 ㆍ무에 관계없이 시비수준이 높을수록 높은 경향을 보였고, 10일에 최고수준을 보인 후 완만한 감소를 나타냈으며, K+, Ca2+에 비해 Mg2+이 보다 낮은 함량을 보였다.989년산 일반계를 10분도와 12분도로 도정하였을 때 도정도에 따른 밥맛의 차이는 없었다.X>CoOx는 Co3O4 로 존재하고, 반응 전의 경우에는 이와는 다른 chemical state를 보여주었다. XRD 및 XPS 결과를 바탕으로, 촉매표면에 존재하는 Co3O4 의 외부표면이 Co2TiO4 와 CoTiO3 같은 CoTiOx 로 encapsulation되어 있는 모델구조를 제안할 수 있고, 이는 반응시간의 함수로 나타나는 촉매활성에 있어서 전이영역의 존재를 잘 설명할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, XRD와 XPS에서 얻어진 촉매의 물리화학적인 특성을 잘 반영할 수 있다. 나타냈고, 골격근과 눈 조직에서 피루브산에 대한 LDH의 친화력이 상당히 크므로 LDH가 혐기적 조건에서 효율적으로 기능을 하는 것으로 사료된다.5) and "Cleanliness of clothes ＆ features" (p ＜0.05) of VIP ward were significantly higher than those of a general ward.tive to apply.아울러 고려(考慮)해야 한다. 이것은 고무기술자(技術者)가 당면(當面)해야할 과제(課題)에 속(屬)하며 바람직 한것은 본장(本章)의 내용(內容)이 여러 상황하(狀況下)에서 당면(當面)한 문제(問題)에 대

For the stable production of high quality tea, the freezing resistance is a very important character. Most of the farmers have planted out-pollinated seeds that are not genetically pure. So, with small sample, a quick and simple method is required to test freezing resistance of lots of germ-plasm and early generation of hybrids. The absorbances(A530 nm) of TTC reduction solution at -5~circC were positively correlated with resistance to photoinhibition of PSII in 6 hour photoinhibitory treatments, being significantly fitted by simple linear regression (R2 =0.64** ). Chlorophyll fluorescence measured by Fv/Fm was found to be very useful in evaluating the relative levels of freezing resistance in tea.

In order to study on the variational characteristics of water quality and chlorophyll a concentration, the water samples were collected daily or three times a week during the period from April 1990 to November 1991 at Kukdong port located in the Northern Kamak bay of Southern Korea I made an analysis on biological factor as chlorophyll a concentration as well as physico-chemical factors such as water temperature, salinity, sigma-t, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate), N/P ratio and chemical oxygen demand. In Northern Kamak bay seasonal variations in physical factors such as water temperature, salinity and sigma-t were very marked. On the other hand, chemical factors such as nutrients concentration and COD were not so. Chemical factors, in particular, silicate were influenced by input of freshwater. And the roles of silicate on the seasonal succession of phytoplankton species composition was very low. Phytoplankton biomass as measured by chlorophyll a concentration was very high all the year round, and it was controlled by the combination of several factors, especially of N/P ratio determined by dissolved inorganic nitrogen.

본 실험은 볍씨에 염화망간의 농도를 2500, 3500 및 4,500ppm을 처리하여 벼의 초기생육에 대한 생육반응, 엽록소 함량, 유리 proline 및 SOD활성변화를 자포니카형인 일품벼를 실험재료로하여 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 근장은 무처리보다 망간농도 4,500ppm에서는 0.3cm로 망간농도가 증가할수록 뿌리 생장이 억제되었다. 2. 발아율은 망간농도 3,500ppm에서 68%였으나 망간농도 4,500ppm에서 는 43%로 가장 낮았다. 3, 엽록소 함량은 무처리보다 고농도인 4,500ppm 에서 1.16mg으로 가장 낮았다. 4. 유리 proline 함량은 무처리에서는 발아 후 3일과 8일에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았고 발아 후 3일째 망간농도2,500ppm과 4,500ppm에서 각각 3,286μmole과 5,872μmole로 망간농도가 높아질수록 유리 proline 함량이 증가하였다. 5. SOD 활성은 발아 후 2일째 무처리가 762EU인 것에 비해 망간농도 4,500ppm에서는 1,693EU로 가장 높았다.