충주 호암동유적은 금강유역과 남한강유역, 낙동강유역을 연결하는 교통의 요지에 자리하고 있는 데, 적석목관묘는 기원전 2세기 초, 목관묘 2기는 기원전 2세기 전·중엽에 조영된 것으로 추정된다. 과학적 분석 결과, 호암동유적의 청동기들은 구리-주석-납의 3원계 합금으로 추정되며,『주례』고 공기의 금유육제와 비슷한 비율로 주조되었다. 이는 호암동유적의 청동기들이 기능과 용도에 따라 적 합한 성분조성비로 주조되었음을 나타낸다. 납동위원소비 분석을 토대로 한 원료산지추정 결과 중국 북부산 4점, 남한3지구산 10점, 남한2지구산 6점으로 추정되어서 청동원료가 넓은 지역에서 수급되 었음을 보여준다. 충주 호암동유적은 세형동검문화의 중심부인 중서부지역과 원료산지인 남한2지구(강원 동남부-경 북 동북부지역) 사이에 자리해서 무덤 피장자들이 청동원료를 수급하는 데 중요한 역할을 담당했을 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 세형동검문화가 일본열도로 파급되는 시기는 호암동유적의 유이식동모보다 늦은 시기로 추정되므로 발전Ⅰ기 말보다는 발전Ⅱ기 초로 생각된다. 호암동 적석목관묘의 무기류는 “원격전용 투사무기+근접전용 단병충격무기(세형동검)+근접전용 장병충격무기(동모·동과)”조합 을 이루고 있어서 충주지역이 군장사회로 접어들었음을 보여준다. 이러한 무기조합이 원삼국시대 토 광묘로 이어지는 것도 이를 뒷받침한다.

In this study, shaking table test has been carried out for the dual frame passive control system for seismic performance verification of the proposed system. The proposed system was separated into two independent frameworks that are strength resistant core and frame structure by connecting to the damper. Moreover, the seismic performance improvement of the proposed system has been verified by comparing and analyzing the experimental results of the proposed system with an existing core system. As a result of the shaking table test, acceleration and displacement responses of dual-frame vibration control system are decreased than those of the existing strength resistant type core system. In the case of the core system, while the damage was concentrated on the column of first floor, the damage of the dual system was dispersed in each layer. The damage also was concentrated on the damper, almost no damage occurs to the structural members. It has been emphasized that installed dampers in the proposed dual system reduce the input energy of whole structure by absorbing seismic input energy, which leads overall system damage to be reduced.

In order to predict inelastic displacement response without nonlinear dynamic analysis, the equal displacement rule can be used for the structures with longer natural periods than the characteristic period, Tg, of earthquake record. In the period range longer than Tg, peak displacement responses of elastic systems are equal or larger than those of inelastic systems. In the period range shorter than Tg, opposite trend occurs. In the equal displacement rule, it is assumed that peak displacement of inelastic system with longer natural period than Tg equals to that of elastic system with same natural period. The equal displacement rule is very useful for seismic design purpose of structures with longer natural period than Tg. In the period range shorter than Tg, the peak displacement of inelastic system can be simply evaluated from the peak displacement of elastic system by using the inelastic displacement ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the peak inelastic displacement to the peak elastic displacement. Smooth hysteretic behavior is more similar to actual response of real structural system than a piece-wise linear hysteretic behavior such as bilinear or stiffness degrading behaviors. In this paper, the inelastic displacement ratios of the smooth hysteretic behavior system are evaluated for far-fault and near-fault earthquakes. The simple formula of inelastic displacement ratio considering the effect of Tg is proposed.

This study intends to consider about the food culture during the latterly Chosun Dynasty through the genre paintings which are depicted realistically about the total food life figures for example not only the foods, but also that people who eat and drink the food and eating implements, eating methods. There are 9 pieces of works Kim hong-do's which are the best appraisal on the incorporated Korean emotion and on the real life of general public. Those are selected for this study's characteristics through the literature consideration. The characteristics of the tableware pottery and food culture are following things. The first is a white porcelain's development and popularization. In the latterly Chosun Dynasty period, the development of the agriculture and commerce made been connected to the affluent food cultures, these made increase the porcelain's use of upper classes and these made been connected to the development of the porcelain's cultures. The second is the development of various pottery with a dark brown glaze manufactures. The development of agriculture and economy power made bring the development of the kinds of sauces and Kimchi culture with an inflow of foreign crops and these made making the large an earthenware pot or jar which could store something during the long time. The third is the development of the small dining table on the eating the bread of idleness. In the Chosun dynasty period, the food style was been unified to he eating the bread of idleness and been lowered. These made developed of various small dining table through the underfloor heating system's generalization. The fourth is the development of the spoon with the soup culture. It is the East Asia called that the spoon culture boundary, this show the characteristic that we use the spoon mainly compare with another countries. Finally, it is universal use of the fixed quantitative implements. They could live quantitative life with the scales which are jar of soy sauce, liquor jug, jar, scoop leading a set of tableware.

Many studies have shown that the initial median frequency (MDF) and slope correlate with the muscle fiber composition. This study tested the hypothesis that the initial MDF and slope are fixed, regardless of the interval at which data are collected. MDF data using moving fast Fourier transformation of EMG signals, following local fatigue induced by isotonic exercise, were obtained. An inverse FFT was used to eliminate noise, and characteristic decreasing regression lines were obtained. The regression analysis was done in three different periods, the first one third, first half, and full period, looking at variance in the initial MDF, slope, and fatigue index. Data from surface EMG signals during fatiguing isotonic exercise of the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis in 20 normal subjects were collected. The loads tested were 30% and 60% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in the biceps brachii and 40% and 80% MVC in the vastus lateralis. The rate was 25 flexions per minute. There were no significant differences in the initial MDF or slope during the early or full periods of the regression, but there was a significant difference in the fatigue index. Therefore, to observe the change in the initial MDF and slope of the MDF regression line during isotonic exercise, this study suggest that only the early interval need to be observed.