PURPOSES : Even when autonomous vehicles are commercialized, a situation in which autonomous vehicles and regular drivers are mixed will persist for a considerable period of time until the percentage of autonomous vehicles on the road reaches 100%. To prepare for various situations that may occur in mixed traffic, this study aimed to understand the changes in traffic flow according to the percentage of autonomous vehicles in unsignalized intersections. METHODS : We collected road information and constructed a network using the VISSIM traffic simulation program. We then configured various scenarios according to the percentage of autonomous vehicles and traffic volume to understand the changes in the traffic flow in the mixed traffic by scenario. RESULTS : The results of the analysis showed that in all scenarios, the traffic flow on major roads changed negatively with the mix of autonomous vehicles; however, the increase or decrease was small. By contrast, the traffic flow on minor roads changed positively with a mix of autonomous vehicles. CONCLUSIONS : This study is significant because it proactively examines and designs traffic flow changes in congested traffic that may occur when autonomous vehicles are introduced.

This study aimed to investigate the language usage of outdoor advertisements and find ways to improve it from the perspective of public language. Anyone is exposed to signboards without limitations, and it allows the public to learn fixed language forms for a long time. Therefore, it has both direct and indirect effects on the public’s language lives. This study focuses on sign language as a public language. Here, signboards from four districts in Gyeonggi-do were collected and analyzed in three ways. Signboards marked only in Korean accounted for a relatively large proportion of the main words, whereas mixed types of characters were used together in the subwords. In addition, there were cases of intentional violation of the language norm and listed only the initial consonants, those conscious of ambiguity. Results show that follow-up studies, such as conducting an additional survey, designating a demonstration area for the practical maintenance of sign language, and preparing guidelines for the production of outdoor advertisements, are expected to continue.

본 연구의 목적은 알츠하이머질환(Alzheimer’s disease: AD) 동물 모델을 대상으로 트레드밀 운 동(Treadmill exercise: TE)과 환경강화(environmental enrichment: EE) 처치가 인지기능, 근 기능, 및 밀 착연접 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 확인하는데 있다. AD 동물 모델을 제작하기 위해 aluminum chloride(AlCl3)를 90일간(40mg/kg/하루) 투여 하였으며 동시에 TE(10-12m/min, 40-60min/day) 혹은 EE에 노출시켰다. 그 결과 AlCl3 투여에 의한 인지기능 저하와 근 기능 감소가 TE와 EE에 의해 완화된 것 으로 나타났다. 또한, TE와 EE는 AD 질환에서 나타나는 β-amyloid(Aβ), alpha-synuclein 및 tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) 단백질의 발현 증가를 감소시킨 것으로 나타났다. 게다가 TE와 EE는 AlCl3 투여에 의해 감소된 밀착연접 단백질(Occludin, Claudin-5 및 ZO-1)의 발현을 통계적으로 유의하게 증가시킨 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 Aβ 단백질과 밀착연접 단백질과의 상관분석을 실시한 결과 부적 상 관관계(Occludin: r=-0.853, p=0.001; Claudin-5 : r=-0.352, p=0.915; ZO-1 : r=-0.424, p=0.0390) 로 나타났다. 따라서 이를 종합해 보면 TE 혹은 EE 처치는 AD에 나타나는 병리학적 특징들을 일부 완화 시켜 인지기능과 근 기능을 일부 개선 시킬 수 있는 효과적인 운동 방법이라고 생각된다.

Despite its profound impact on athletic performance, the significance of heart rate recovery (HRR) has been insufficiently addressed in the filed of sports science, particularly in the context of weightlifting characterized by brief and intense exertions involving heavy weights. Serving as a valuable indicator of autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular function, HRR assumes a pivotal role in weightlifting. This comprehensive review aims to delineate the specific demands for HRR in weightlifting, shedding light on the often overlooked cardiovascular considerations within training regimes focused on strength and power. The investigation scrutinizes the repercussions of HRR on weightlifting performance, seeking to elucidate how inadequate recovery intervals may result in physiological and psychological consequences. These consequences encompass a distorted perception of effort, disruption of coordination, compromised posture due to irregular breathing, and an overall decline in lifting capacity. The review systematically presents compelling evidence pertaining to heart rate response and recovery patterns during weightlifting, underscoring the critical importance of well-structured rest periods. Furthermore, the review delves into a comprehensive discussion of factors influencing HRR in weightlifting, encompassing variables such as sex, age, cardiovascular function, hydration, nutrition, and psychological aspects. Finally, a key emphasis is placed on the integration of effective HRR techniques into the training regimens of weightlifters, thereby ensuring sustained and optimized performance outcomes.

본 연구는 일회성 발목가동성 운동프로그램이 만성적인 발목불안정성(CAI)에 나타나는 발목가 동범위와 통증 수준에 미치는 영향을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상자는 발목불안정성 설문지 검사에 서 좌, 우측 평균 점수가 24점 이하인 성인여성 20명을 선정 하였으며 집단은 일회성 발목 가동성 운동프 로그램 집단(Ankle mobility exercise program, AE, n=10)과 대조군(CON, n=10)으로 구분하였다. AE 처 치는 일회성 운동에 대한 반응을 확인하기 위해 좌·우측 발목을 각각 1회(20분) 실시하였으며 처치 전후 발목불안정성 검사, 통증 및 발목가동범위를 확인하였다. 먼저 AE 프로그램을 실시한 AE 집단의 통증 수 준은 사전과 비교하여 사후 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.01). 또한 AE 프로그램 처치한 AE 집 단에서 배측굴곡이 사전과 비교하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 이러한 결과를 종합해 보면 일회성 발목 가동성 운동 프로그램은 CAI에서 나타나는 발목 통증과 발목의 가동범위를 개선시켜 결과적으로 발 목 불안정성을 완화시킬 수 있는 효과적인 운동 중재 방법이라고 생각된다.

Inorganic-organic composites find extensive application in various fields, including electronic devices and light-emitting diodes. Notably, encapsulation technologies are employed to shield electronic devices (such as printed circuit boards and batteries) from stress and moisture exposure while maintaining electrical insulation. Polymer composites can be used as encapsulation materials because of their controllable mechanical and electrical properties. In this study, we propose a polymer composite that provides good electrical insulation and enhanced mechanical properties. This is achieved by using aluminum borate nanowhiskers (ABOw), which are fabricated using a facile synthesis method. The ABOw fillers are created via a hydrothermal method using aluminum chloride and boric acid. We confirm that the synthesis occurs in various morphologies based on the molar ratio. Specifically, nanowhiskers are synthesized at a molar ratio of 1:3 and used as fillers in the composite. The fabricated ABOw/epoxy composites exhibit a 48.5% enhancement in mechanical properties, similar to those of pure epoxy, while maintaining good electrical insulation.

This study aims to to identify specific terms used in the documents of public organizations in order to assess the need to replace them for general comprehension by the public and to gain an understanding of how public organization officials and the public (those who visit the organizations) perceive those words. With their cooperation, the terms (used in press releases), guidance practices, notices, and website posting of Siheung Urban Corporation were collected, and 64 terms were selected through word segmentation of 300,000 words and morphological analysis. Next, a survey was conducted to determine the need for improvement of specific terms and the appropriateness of the alternative terms. The survey results showed an average v alue o f 3.04 (out of 4) f or t he n eed to r efinement of terms. The alternative terms received an average appropriateness value of 3.21 (out of 4). As a result of examining terms that require replacement by vocabulary type, it was found that E nglish a crony ms s uch as VOC, CS, AED, B L scored an a verage o f 3.23 points, indicating that replacement was most necessary. This survey of public organization officials and the public suggests that acronyms urgently need to be replaced in public documents.

바이오산업의 발전으로 의약품, 식품 등의 생산 과정의 분리/정제 공정에 사용되어 왔던 기존의 컬럼 크로마토그 래피를 대체하여 더 높은 처리효율을 갖는 막 크로마토그래피가 부상하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 기공 크기의 두 가 지 상용 셀룰로오스 아세테이트(Cellulose acetate, CA) 분리막을 탈아세틸화 과정을 통해, 리간드의 개질이 용이한 다공성 재 생 셀룰로오스 지지체를(Regenerated cellulose, RC) 제조하였다. 음이온 교환능을 부여하고자 grafting을 수행하였으며, 구체 적으로는 UV 중합법을 통해 4차 암모늄을 포함하는 음이온 교환 리간드(MAPTAC)를 부착하여 음이온 교환용 흡착막을 제 조하였다. 단백질 흡착 용량은 정적 흡착 용량(Static binding capacity, SBC)시험을 통해 총 단백질 흡착 용량을 측정했고, 동 적 흡착 용량(Dynamic binding capacity, DBC)을 측정하여 상용막과 비교 평가하였다. 성능 평가 결과 단백질 흡착량은 넓은 표면적에 의해 리간드 밀도가 높은, 기공 크기가 작은 순서로 높게 측정되었고, 상용 CA분리막을 탈아세틸화하고 리간드를 부착시킨 분리막(RC 0.8 + MAPTAC 43.69 mg/ml, RC 3.0 + MAPTAC 36.33 mg/ml)이 상용 막 크로마토그래피 제품(28.38 mg/ml) 대비 높은 흡착 용량을 보였다.

Lee, Phil-young & Kim, Tae-kyung. 2018. “Aspects and Problems in the Contemporary Use of Address Terms and Reference Terms within a Family”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(1). 277~309. This paper investigates the use of address terms and reference terms within a family. This study was conducted based on the questionnaire result targeting 4,000 people in 17 administrative areas across the country. Our research focused on investigating whether the use of terms that has been recommended in <The Standard Manners of Language Use>(2011) corresponded to the actual use in Korean contemporary language life and determining how to resolve potential problems caused by inappropriate use of the terms. The result of current study revealed that there were a number of differences between the suggested terms in <The Standard Manners of Language Use>(2011) and the actual use of the terms in contemporary Korean. The difficulty in the use of address terms and reference terms within a family was largely due to its complicate system of kinship terms and the social change from patriarchal society. This study also reveals that sexually discriminated titles for husband's and wife's family need to be reformed to avoid potential problems.

합성폐수 내의 유기물(COD), 질산성 질소, 인산이온을 제거하기 위한 폐수처리 시스템 개 발을 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저 COD는 HClO의 산화 반응에 의해 거의 100 % 제거되었으며 전기 화학적 처리에 의해 질산성 질소가 암모니아성 질소로 환원되지만, 암모니아성 질소는 HClO 처리에 의 해 질산성 질소로 재 산화 되었다. 암모니아성 질소는 가열 증발 처리에 의하여 거의 100% 제거 되었 으며 HClO 처리를 하여도 재 산화되는 암모니아성 질소는 나타나지 않았다. 인산 이온은 pH에 따라 금속 착염을 형성함으로써 침전 처리에 의해 제거할 수 있었으며 전기화학적 처리와 HClO 처리를 통 하여 COD 99.5 % 이상, 질소 97.3 %, 인 91.5 %의 제거 효율을 얻을 수 있었다.

본 연구는 응집제로 calcium alginate를 이용한 질산성 질소 처리에 관한 연구이다. 질산성 질소를 제거하기 위한 방법으로는 역삼투법, 이온교환수지법, 전기투석법, 생물학적 방법 등이 있지만 본 연구에서는 응집 침전시키는 방법으로서 질산성 질소를 처리하고자 하였다. 응집제로 이용한 calcium alginate가 킬레이트 결합을 형성하여 질산성 질소를 응집 침전시킬 것으로 예상하고, 응집제의 성분, 응집 반응시간, 응집제의 몰비, 응집제의 주입율에 따라 질산성 질소가 제거되는 경향을 보았다. 또한 FE-SEM과 EDS(Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer)를 통하여 응집반응 후 침전물의 구조 및 구성성분비를 분석함으로써 질산성 질소가 Calcium-nitro-alginate 형태로 제거되는지를 확인하였다. 그 결과 반응시간은 60분, 응집제의 몰비는 1:1일 때, 응집제의 주입율은 합성폐수의 2 %일 때 질산성 질소의 제거율이 최대 56.7 %로 나타났다.

A huge amount of waste oyster shells are being produced in the southern coast of South Korea. In order to find the possibility to recycle the waste as construction materials, mechanical characteristics of oyster-shell such as compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, were investigated. Compressive strength tests for mortar specimen with varying blending ratio of cement, water, fine aggregate, and oyster-shell were compared with normal cement mortar. There was continuous decreasing tendency in compressive strength as increasing dosages of oyster-shell when used as a replacement of cement, however strength and stiffness were increased around 10% of dosages of oyster-shell when used as a replacement of fine aggregate. The experiment results demonstrate that oyster-shells can be recycled and effective in replacement of not only cement but also fine aggregates.

최근 인구 폭발적 증가, 기후변화 등으로 인해 전 세계적으로 이용 가능한 수 자원이 감소할 것으로 예측되고 있어 대체 수자원에 대한 관심이 확대되고 있으며, 이의 대안으로 해수담수화 기술이 주목받고 있다. 해수담수화 방법에는 증류방식과 분리막 기술인 역삼투 공정이 대표적 기술이라 할 수 있으나, 최근 에는 증류법과 분리막법을 접목한 막증류법의 해수담수화 분야 적용 가능성이 점차 확대되고 있다. 막증류 공정은 기본적으로 증류 기반의 공정으로, 별도의 압력이 필요 없으며, 현재 가장 범용화된 분리막 기술인 역삼투 공정에 비해 높은 염 제거율 및 회수율로 인해 차세대 해수담수화 기술로 주목받고 있다. 따라서 본 발표에서는 막증류 공정용 분리막 소재 개발에 대한 내용을 소개하도록 한다.

In this study, shaking table test has been carried out for the dual frame passive control system for seismic performance verification of the proposed system. The proposed system was separated into two independent frameworks that are strength resistant core and frame structure by connecting to the damper. Moreover, the seismic performance improvement of the proposed system has been verified by comparing and analyzing the experimental results of the proposed system with an existing core system. As a result of the shaking table test, acceleration and displacement responses of dual-frame vibration control system are decreased than those of the existing strength resistant type core system. In the case of the core system, while the damage was concentrated on the column of first floor, the damage of the dual system was dispersed in each layer. The damage also was concentrated on the damper, almost no damage occurs to the structural members. It has been emphasized that installed dampers in the proposed dual system reduce the input energy of whole structure by absorbing seismic input energy, which leads overall system damage to be reduced.