The ecosystem provides a diverse array of environmental conditions for organisms, and only those that are capable of successfully adapting to these conditions within their habitats can endure, thrive, and proliferate. Further, the environmental conditions within these habitats can significantly affect the bioavailability of chemicals that are introduced therein, thus resulting in varied adverse impacts on the organisms. The present study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of Yuukianura szeptyckii - a species adapted to riparian - to heavy metals following ISO guideline 11276, with the objective of assessing its potential as an indicator species for ecotoxicological evaluations in riparian habitats. The findings revealed that cadmium and copper both had significant toxic effects depending on their concentrations. For cadmium, the LC50 was 280 mg kg-1, EC50 was 66 mg kg-1, and NOEC and LOEC were 25 and 50 mg kg-1, respectively. For copper, the LC50 was 911 mg kg-1, EC50 was 151 mg kg-1, and LOEC was 50 mg kg-1. Comparative analysis with previous results for the international standard species Folsomia candida and the domestic standard species Allonychiurus kimi indicated that Y. szeptyckii exhibited even greater sensitivity to toxicity values. The adverse effects on survival and reproduction were closely associated with the influx concentration of heavy metals in their bodies. Altogether, the results suggest that Y. szeptyckii is a sensitive species for ecotoxicological assessments in riparian habitats, thus making it suitable as an indicator species, particularly in riparian ecosystems that are characterized by relatively high humidity conditions.

Behavioral reaction can be measured as a sensitive endpoint for sublethal toxicity of copper, and can be used to obtain easily and quickly. Also behavioral endpoints may serve as a more insightful evaluation tool of the ecological effects of toxic chemicals. In this study, four invertebrates in freshwater which are usually used indicate species for water quality were selected as test species (Chironomus riparius, Heterocypris incongruens, Daphnia magna, and, Triops longicaudatus). Each test species was exposed to copper for 6 hours, and total distance, velocity, and, turn angle were measured for 1 hour using video analysis system (Ethovision : Noldus Information Technology) in laboratory condition. Each endpoints reflected effect of copper toxicity appropriately for all test species. These endpoint have possibility that can be used to identify characteristic behavioral responses to a metal toxicity. We viewed this study as a preliminary experiment for future research to investigate the significance of behavioral endpoints to various toxic chemicals.

In soil ecosystems, chemicals are often found as mixtures. Therefore, the toxicity data generated by single toxicity tests are inadequate for assessing the potential risk of complex mixtures of chemicals for soil ecosystems. In the present study, the mixture toxicity of copper and manganese on the reproduction of Paronychiurus kimi were assessed using a Toxic Unit approach (1TU=EC50). The concentrations of each metal in the mixture were summed as follows: TUmixture = CCu/EC50 of Cu + CMn/EC50 of Mn, where CMetal are the concentrations of copper and manganese in the mixture. From the Sum TU based dose-response relationships, sum of a toxicunit (TU50) at 50% reduction for the mixture (EC50mix) was calculated. The binary mixture toxicity was defined as being concentration additiv (EC50mix=1TU) or as being more or less than additive (EC50mix<1TU or 1>TU, respectively). Also, values of the mixture (TUi) at i% reduction found were predicted to get more insight regarding the relationship between mixture toxicity and various effect levels (ranging from EC10 to EC90). The toxicities of copper and manganese mixtures were less than additive at the EC10 level, whereas more than additive at the EC90 level. These findings imply that the effect levels are important for determining the toxicity of metal mixtures.

The acute and subacute toxicities of copper sulfate were evaluated in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). Dipping of fishes for acute toxicity was performed for a period of 24 h, and TLm24h value (median tolerance limit = LC50) was 1.36 ppm. Clubbing of gill filaments due to severe epithelial hyperplasia of gill lamella were oberved. And epithelial edema, fusion and necrosis of renal tubules were presented. The most significant change was mild epithelial hyperplasia of gill lamella in subacute toxicity test which fishes were exposed to 0.15 ppm of copper sulfate for 1 week.

연안지역의 환경오염 및 양식용수의 이용과정에 파생될 수 있는 구리의 오염에 따른 넙치의 생존, 대사율, 사료효율 및 성장율에 미치는 구리의 영향을 검토하였다. 4개의 아치사구리 농도(50, 80, 180, 320 μg L-1)에서 6주동안 실험하였다. 실험기간 동안 넙치는 대조구에서는 실험종료시 까지 사망개체가 전혀 나타나지 않아 100%의 생존율을 나타내었다. 구리 노출농도 180 μg L-

중금속가운데 필수 미량 원소인 동을 볍씨에 처리한 후 식물생장조정제인 kinetin을 침종 처리하여 발아중 동 독성에 대한 벼의 생육 특성, 붕소의 활성, 발아율 향상과 중금속 장해의 경감을 위하여 몇 가지 실험을 수행하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 동독성 경감을 위한 농도별 klnetin처리에 따른 생육은 일품벼, 향미벼 001 모두 초장은 kinetin l03M 처리가 무처리와 동 60ppm 처리에 비해 생육이 양호하였고 뿌리의 생장도 우세하였다. 2. 엽록소 함량은 두 품종 모두 동 60ppm 처리보다 무처리가 높았으며, kinetln 처리에서는 kinetin l03M, kinetin l04 M, kinetin l05M의 처리 순으로 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 3. Kinetin처리농도에 대한 식물체 부위별 동의축적량은 kinetin의 농도가 낮을수록 증가하는 경향이었으며, 동 60ppm처리에서 동 함량은 일품벼는 잎에서 1,797n 종자에서 1,340ng이었고 향미벼 001에서는 잎과종자에서 동 함량이 각각 1,590ng, 1,260ng으로 일품벼가 더 높았다. 4. 동 60ppm처리에 따른 품종간 단백질 밴드의 패턴은 발아 후 3일째 두 품종 모두 35, 40kDa.부위에서 다소 약한 밴드가 보였으며 일품벼의 경우 발아후 kinetin l03M 처리에서 54.4 kDa에 새로운 단백질 밴드가 나타났다. 5. 동 처리에 따른 발아일수별 SOD활성도는 일품벼의 경우 무처리에서는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 동 60ppm처리에서 발아 후 3일째 1,299EU로 가장 높은 활성도를 보이다가 발아 후 5일째부터 점차 감소하였으며, 향미벼 001에서는 발아 후 3일째 동 60ppm 처리에서 1,260 EU의 활성도를 나타내다가 발아 후 5일 째부터 감소하는 경향이었으며, kinetin l03M 처리에서는 가장 낮은 활성을 보여 어느 정도 동 stress 경감의 효과가 인정되었다. 6. 유리 proline함량은 품종간 차이를 보이지 않았으나 SOD 활성과 마찬가지로 발아 후 3일 째 동 60ppm 처리에서 큰 차이를 보였지만, 발아일수가 경과할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다.