Egg is a food that has been loved from ancient times by people all around the world. It has been called a present from god because its rounded shape was believed to refer to the earth. We found the oldest and most perfectly preserved egg fossil at Chunmachong (天馬) in Kyungju (慶州). We believe that it was used during the period of the Three States or the unified Silla (新羅), and, accordingly, it was a noble food that has been found at the king’s grave of the age. Egg, which is called egg of chicken in Korean, was written as egg of chicken (鷄卵), son of chicken (鷄子), bird’s egg of chicken (鷄蛋), and round thing of chicken (鷄丸) in the Korean alphabet and Chinese characters. The ancient countries had the following myths about eggs In myths about offspring by egg, they were born as heaven’s will to make them god. There were 19 proverbs: ‘Hitting a rock with an egg’, ‘It’s like the yellow part of an egg’ and ‘Even an egg stops when it rolls’, etc. According to a theory of divination based on topography, people use eggs when they find a good place. There are 10 proverbs (四字成語): Dongjiipran (冬至立卵), Nanyeoseoktu (卵與石投) etc. Studies for analysis of egg recipes found in the old literature (cooking, agriculture and fishing, and medical books) in the Chosun Dynasty recorded 36 times where cuisine with egg was mentioned as the main ingredient, 154 times as a sub-ingredient, 79 times as a garnish, and 20 times etc. As a garnish, they were ‘finely sliced’, ‘thin rectangular and the rhombus form’, and ‘rounded shape’; after grilling they were divided into yellow and white parts. When cooked, they were used in comparison of the size or shape of an object with that of other objects.

The "SanGuoZhi" Culture in China have very special meaning. The important part of the "SanGuoZhi" Culture is the GuanYu Culture. The special present of the GuanYu Culture is the worship of GuanYu. Today this present of the GuanYu worship was changed into the cultural phenomena in china and all of the world chinese area. That is called a cultural phenomena of the GuanYu worship. This cultural phenomena of GuanYu Worship have many special meaning in the part of chinese traditional culture and society. We believe that the comprehensive understanding about the cultural phenomena of GuanYu Worship will bring us the right direction to understanding of the "GuanYu Culture" and the "SanGuoZhi Culture" in China.

Dictionaries are thought to be accurate and objective. In school, teachers often encourage learners to check up a Chinese dictionary to learn Han characters and their meanings. Unfortunately, dictionaries may not be as reliable as many of us expect. Not all Chinese dictionaries can provide consistent, unitary, neutral and universal definitions that stand outside of religion, politics, social changes, popular culture, etc. This is particularly obvious when it comes to Chinese words or/and terms that have been ‘hijacked’ by political propagandists. To illustrate our argument, in the poster, we collect and examine various word explanations and exemplary sentences of the Chinese term “解放” (Liberation) from several commonly used English-Chinese dictionaries. Comparisons are drawn between (1) printed and online English-Chinese dictionaries; (2) old and new English-Chinese dictionaries, and (3) English-Chinese dictionaries published in Hong Kong, Mainland China and Taiwan. As predicted, the Chinese term “解放” (Liberation) is interpreted and shaped differently, if not contradictorily across different dictionaries. The shifts in meaning are found to be most noticeable in the comparisons of dictionaries written and published in Hong Kong, Mainland China, and Taiwan. We believe that such shifts in meaning suggest not only cultural diversity, but also manipulations of Han characters and Chinese vocabulary. Despite the small scale of the comparative study, our research results reflect that dictionaries can be utilized as a tool for ideological purposes. It is strongly recommended that teachers and learners of Han characters use at least two dictionaries as reference, so that they can be more aware of hidden ideology, stereotypes, and cultural differences among different Chinese-speaking societies, which are crucial in understanding the culture and historical background while learning the language. Learning the language, after all, is a way to shed light on understanding cultures and the way of thinking behind the text.

미 연방대법원은 중앙관리형 서버가 존재하지 않는 P2P 소프트웨어의 온라인 배포와 관련하여 인터넷 파일공유 서비스기업인 그록스터 등에게 저작권의 간접침해 책임이 성립한다는 취지의 판결을 선고하였다. 판결 요지는“저작권을 침해하는 제품의 사용을 장려할 목적으로 배포한 자는, 제3자의 행위를 알고서 단지 배포한 것을 넘어서, 당해 침해를 촉진하기 위하여 행하여진 명확한 표현 또는 그밖의 긍정적인 행동이 증명된 경우, 그 제품의 합법적인 사용에도 불구하고 그 제품을 사용하는 제3자에 의해 야기된 침해행위에 대하여 책임을 진다.”는 것이다. 이러한 그록스터 판결은 P2P 기술 그 자체를 문제삼은 것이 아니라 “침해적 사용을 예견하였을 뿐만 아니라 광고 등을 통하여 유발한 ”적극적유인행위에 초점을 맞춘 것으로 이해될 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 우리는 문화산업과 기술산업 양쪽의 창작과 발전을 존중하고 보호하고자 한 것으로 그록스터 판결을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 이 판결이 문화환경에 미친 영향을 고려하면서 문화와 기술 양 영역에 있어서 비즈니스 모델의 변화를 모색하는 노력이 또한 필요하게 될 것이다.

Vesely explains, the main source of our confusion and nihilism comes most probably from the ambiguous relationship between modem architecture, technology and aesthetics. Also, to overcome such crucial problems, many theorists recently emphasize to take part in cultural civilization and to preserve creative genes of great culture that is based on our interpretation of 'ethical and mythical nucleus of mankind,' rather than in technical modernization that constitutes a sort of subtle destruction of mytho-ethical nucleus of a society. They for architecture also strongly stress on a mythopoetic imagination and an ontological construction of building, which could make a form symbolic and mythical rather than mathematical and aesthetic representation. On this point, 'myth' becomes a vital idea for constructing and construing architectural form and space. And it is also one of the essential concepts to understand both the motive power of cultural continuation of place and the meaning of architecture. Nevertheless, its meaning and the citation of word in architectural essay are still obscure. It might be because the original concept of myth not only has been lain in the matter of philosophical contemplation. Thus, the intention of the research is focused on lightening the meaning of myth in architectural term. Especially, it is, first, concentrated on interpreting philosopher Ernst Cassirer's reflections which were written in order to emphasize the importance of 'mythical consciousness' for the world's cultural civilization. And, the second, it will continue to interpret the myth as a sign within the semiotic concept of Charles Sanders Peirce, and further to emphasis the significance of mythic signs for the continuance of artistic and cultural idea including architecture. The contents of the paper is not that of architectural planning and design methodology, rather architectural philosophy and epistemology. Nevertheless, in regard to architecture, the research will, against today's un-discriminated use of symbolic motifs and instrumental representation of form, suggest a concrete architectural and aesthetic theory of myth and sign, especially of the relationship between the idea of semiology and the function of cultural continuity.