강원도 북부의 남북 접경지 3개소(서부-철원, 영서-양구, 영동-고성)에서 2023년 5월 11일부터 10월 12일까지 주요 천공성 해충 분류군인 나무좀아과를 대상으로 시기별 발생 양상 및 4가지 유인제(Ipsenol, Ipsedienol, Alpha-pinene, Monochamol)별 유인되는 종과 개체수를 조사 하였다. 연구결과, 총 26속 45종 7,743개체를 확인하였다. 확인한 종 중, 15종이 모든 조사지역에서 공통적으로 발생하고, 2종(암브로시아나무 좀, 왕녹나무좀)이 모든 조사지에서의 우점종으로 확인되었으며, 4종(오리나무좀, 붉은목나무좀, 여름나무좀, 암브로시아나무좀)이 조사기간(5 월~10월) 중 지속적으로 발생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 지역적으로는 가장 다양한 식물종들로 혼합림을 구성하고 있는 양구지역에서 총 36종 2,840개체가 확인되어 다른 두 조사지에서보다 다양하고 많은 개체가 확인되었다. 각 조사지에서 유인제별 확인한 종수는 유의미한 차이를 보이 지 않았으며 개체수면에서 철원에서는 Monochamol, 양구에서는 Ipsedienol, 고성에서는 Ipsenol 유인제에서 가장 많은 개체가 확인되었다.

Weevils are known as economic and agricultural pests. Additionally, many entimine beetles are also known to cause harm in agriculture. On the other hand, soil-dwelling entimine beetles are known as detritivores, feeding on leaf litter and contributing to soil decomposition. The subfamily Entiminae is the largest group among the family Curculionidae. The genus Asphalmus Sharp comprises 45 species, with only two species [Asphalmus japonicus Sharp and Asphalmus kostali Borovec] recorded in Korea, while the rest are found in Japan. All these species are known as inhabiting leaf and soil litter. While examining of entimine specimens, we distinguished 20 specimens that do not share diagnostic characters with existing Asphalmus species. New species can be identified by the following characters: Reddish-brown body color, elongated body form, absence of teeth on all femora, and the form of male genitalia and female spermatheca.

Mecysolobini족에 속하는 Sternuchopsis (Sternuchopsis) waltoni (Boheman, 1844) (메꽃통바구미; 신칭) 암컷 1개체를 한반도의 남단인 부 산의 가덕도 야산에서 떨어잡기를 통해 채집하였다. 이 바구미가 국내 식물방역법상 검역해충으로 지정되어 있어 침입종 또는 자생종 인지 여부를 판단할 필요가 있으나 현재 작물에 대한 피해가 확인되지 않고 있고, 그 밖의 채집정보도 없어 그 판단은 무리가 있다고 생각된다. 본 연구는 이 바구 미에 관한 국내 발생정보를 더 확보하기 위한 정확한 진단정보 및 생태정보를 제공하고자 한다.

Until now, in case of Palaearctic region, only one species, Nesendaeus monochrous in this genus was recorded from China. but the biology and life cycle are not clearly known, yet. This species collected from the bud of Glochidion chodoense in Korea for the first time and closely related to Heterochyromera imerodeus Kojima & Morimoto which was recorded only in Japan,. But Nesendaeus monochrous is easily distinguishable from H. imerodeus by the relatively longer elytra with bisinuately round apices. Heterochyromera imerodeus Kojima & Morimoto can be found from Eurya emarginata and Glochidion obovatum in Japan. So, this two species are closely related each other and need more taxonomic study about the generic synonymy or changing the generic position.

The Genus Rhynchaenus Clairville, known as a significant pest group with distribution of worldwide. 40 and 11 species were reported in Japan and China, repectively. Members of Rhynchaenus are usually known as flea weevils and leaf-miners on laval stage. While working on Insects founa of Island, we discovered one species, which is a newly added to the Korean founa (Rhynchaenus maculosus Yang & Zhang). This species was newly emerging pest severely Oak in China. The diagnosis, photographs of habitus and diagnostic characters are provided to facilitate identification.

2020년 7월 하순에 전남 해남의 무화과 농장에서 Aclees속에 속하는 바구미가 발견되었다. 이 바구미는 무화과곰보바구미(신칭), Aclees taiwanensis Kôno, 1933로 동정되었다. 아마도 아열대 및 열대 아시아가 원산인 이 외래종 바구미는 이탈리아와 프랑스에도 침입되어 무화과나무 에 심각한 피해를 일으키고 있다. 이 논문이 한국에서 보고되는 Aclees속 바구미에 대한 첫 보고이다.

To develop a empirical model for predicting the spring flight period of overwintering Ips acuminatus adult, their density were monitored in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests at Chuncheon in 2015. The monitoring data of the beetles and temperature in the forests were used to develop the empirical predictive model based on degree-day model, and it was validated using the data from Korean pine forest at Wonju in 2018. The lower threshold temperature for flight (LTF) and a thermal requirement for the onset of flight activity of the beetles in spring were estimated. As the result, the LTF was estimated as 1.3 ℃ and 269.96 DD was required for the spring flight. The median flight date estimated by the empirical model was one day earlier than the observed flight date. Therefore, the model is suitable for predicting the spring flight of overwintering I. acuminatus.

딱정벌레목 바구미과에 속하는 나무좀은 일찍부터 산림의 주요 해충으로 다루어져 왔다. 최근 사과원에서 M.9 대목을 이용한 사과 밀식재배가 확산되고, 기후변화에 따른 이상 기상으로 사과나무 동해에 의한 2차 나무좀 피해가 늘어나고 있어 이들에 대한 관리대책이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구는 사과원에 발생하는 나무좀류의 발생 양상을 파악하고 효과적인 약제 선발을 통해 효율적인 방제 체계 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 사과원에 발생하는 나무좀은 암브로시아나무좀, 오리나무좀, 붉은목나무좀, 사과둥근나무좀 등 4종으로 암브로시아나무좀이 우점종으로 조사되었다. 암브로시아나무좀의 발생은 4월부터 시작하여 연 2회 발생하였다. 주간부에서 나무좀의 피해는 대부분 21~100cm 높이에서 발생하였으며, 야외 방제 시험에서 Phentoate EC, Chlorpyrifos WP, Thiacloprid SC 등이 높은 방제가를 나타내었다.

Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the potential pests of various species of pines. To investigate the effects of thinning on I. acuminatus and Stigmatium pilosellum (Coleoptera: Cleridae), known as a natural enemy of bark beetles, were examined in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest in Chuncheon, South Korea in 2014. Three study site were selected - two sites (western slope and southern slope) that thinning was conducted in early spring 2014 and a site without thinning within 5 years. I. acuminatus and S. pilosellum were collected every week or fortnightly using the 12-unit Lindgren multi-funnel traps with pheromone lure (Ipsdienol +50/-50 40mg, Ipsenol +50/-50 40mg) from May to early October. The densities of I. acuminatus, the dominant species of bark beetles, were maximum 8.4 ± 0.9 and 1.4 ± 0.4 individuals/trap/day at thinning site and non-thinning site, respectively. In case of S. pilosellum, the dominant species of Cleridae, its densities were 17.7 ± 2.4 and 2.6 ± 0.8 individuals/trap/day at thinning site and non-thinning site, respectively. I. acuminatus showed first emergence peak on June and second emergence peak on September, but S. pilosellum showed only one time emergence peak on June – the density of S. pilosellum increased along with the density of I. acuminatus (r = 0.66, p = 0.0365). Our results shows that thinning in Korean pine forest increases the densities of I. acuminatus and S. pilosellum, reflecting increase in their food resources available.

To develop an empirical degree-day model for predicting the spring flight period of the bark beetle, Ips subelongatus Motschulsky, based on field observation, field studies were biweekly conducted in three Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) forests in In-je, Korea from 2013 to 2014. To validate this degree-day model, we compared the model-predicted values with observed emergence data of I. subelongatus in 2015 spring at one of the sites. The flight period of over-wintering generation began on April and ended May, and flight of next generation lasted until October. The lower developmental threshold temperature (LDT) was estimated using spring emergence of I. subelongatus and field temperatures. Then a degree-day model was constructed, based on LDTs estimated from field observations data. The baseline temperature with the highest coefficient of determination was considered the LDT, and this was estimated to be 6.0℃. The explanatory power of the model was 88%. This model accurately predicted the flight of I. subelongatus in 2015 spring, as the estimated median flight dates was 1 days earlier than the corresponding observed flight date. The results of the goodness-of-fit test did not differ between observed and estimated values (ks = 0.21, P = 0.54).

자운영 포장에서 알팔파바구미 성충의 발생양상과 1세대 성충의 밭작물 유식물에 대한 기주선호성을 조사하였다. 자운영 포장에서 포충망에 의한 알팔파바구미의 월동 성충은 3월 하순부터 발생하기 시작하여 4월 중순에 피크를 나타내었으며, 1세대 성충은 4월 하순부터 발생하기 시작하여 5월 하순에 피크를 나타내었다. 하지만 월동 성충의 발생량은 매우 적었고, 1세대 성충의 발생량은 매우 많았으나, 연차간 변이가 심하였다. 온실에서 배추 및 콩 등 11종의 유식물에 대한 알팔파바구미 1세대 성충의 7일 차 발생충수는 배추>콩>케일 순으로 유의하게 많았으며, 조, 땅콩, 기장, 가지 및 상추에서 매우 적었고, 옥수수, 쑥갓, 수수에서는 전혀 발생하지 않았다. 7일 차 유식물의 피해주율도 배추(60.0%)>콩(50.0%)>케일(30.0%)>조(16.7%), 기장(13.3%)>상추(3.3%) 순으로 유의하게 심하였다. 한편, 자운영포장에서 11종의 유식물에 대한 7일 차 피해주율은 배추(46.7%), 콩(43.3%)>케일(23.3%)>조(13.3%), 기장(13.3%) 순으로 유의하게 심하여 온실에서의 결과와 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 알팔파바구미의 기주선호성은 녹비작물포장 주변에서 밭작물의 안전한 재배를 위한 작물선택의 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Ips acuminatus is a minute bark beetle found in forest and can cause economic damage to pine and spruce trees. This beetle has well developed sensory system respond to both of visual and chemical stimuli. Both sexes have a pair of faceted compound eyes and another pair of knobbed antennae, work together to collect vital information. The antennae look similar in both sexes and consist of scape, pedicel, and segmented flagellum. The pedicel is the first segment by which the antenna is attached to the head and the scape is set in a membranous socket and surrounded by the antennal sclerite on which a single articulation occurs. The beetle’s antennae enlarge abruptly at the last segment of a flagellum giving the antenna a knobbed appearance. There are a number of sensory receptors, including olfactory and mechanical receptors. Here, the fine structural characteristics of the antennal sensory organs in male and female bark beetle Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) were analysed with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).

The dispersal distance and the flight behaviour of adult Platypus koryoensis were examined using mark-release-recapture experiment in central Korea in 2013. Sticky traps were attached to the trunks of oak trees toward release point and opposite direction up to 48.8m from the release point. For each direction, two traps were attached on upper (1.5m from ground) and lower (0.5m from ground) trunk. Platypus koryoensis which emerged within 24 hours were marked with fluorescent powder and released at 11:00 a.m. The number of recaptured beetles was counted after 30 and 90 minutes after release. The experiment was replicated three times on 20, 21, and 26 June. The numbers of beetles released were 299, 810, and 208, respectively. Recapture rates at 90 minutes after release on 20, 21, and 26 June were 0.09, 0.06, and 0.03, respectively. More than 85 percent of recaptured beetles were caught in 30m. The numbers of beetles caught by sticky traps in upper and lower trunk were not significantly different, indicating that P. koryoensis do not hover but just land and move to explore suitable for living site in trunk when they attack oak tree. The valley breeze which drive upward the valleys and mountain slopes in the daytime blew during experiment periods and maximum flight distance of P. koryoensis was 43m, even though the beetles flew against the wind.

Escape pattern of the ambrosia beetle Platypus koryoensis (Murayama) based on individual gallery was investigated. The survey was conducted in four oak forests located in Chuncheon, Hanam, Paju and Seongnam, and escape patterns from individual gallery were surveyed using emergence trap attached at the entrances of galleries formed in 2010. The number of adults caught in each trap was periodically counted from May 2011 to September 2012. The adults ambrosia beetle was caught over two years after infestation. The escape patterns in the first and second year after infestation showed different types; in the first year, escape of adults from gallery was observed one or two times whereas escape from gallery was observed two times in the second year with variation in aspect of escape density and timing. Moreover, variations in escape pattern between trees or between galleries in the same tree was observed. Colonization success rate in living tree was higher than that of dead tree, but the number of progeny per gallery in living tree was lower than that of dead tree. Colonization success rate in the galleries of second year was lower than that of first year, but the number of progeny per gallery of second year was higher than that of first year.