Pigs are considered a “mixing vessel” that can produce new influenza strains through genetic reassortments, which threaten public health and cause economic losses worldwide. We performed surveillance of swine influenza virus (SIV) using 114,140 nasal swabs from 11,414 Korean farms from 2009 to 2022, and characterized their genetic evolution at each farm level. A total of 169 farms out of the 11,414 (1.48%) were SIV-positive. The positivity rate for the H1N2 subtype, which is most dominant in the pig population, was 37.87% (64/169). Through hemagglutinin (HA) gene analysis, 64 H1N2-positive farms were classified into Eurasian avian-like (46/64, 71.88%), triple-reassortant (14/64, 21.88%), pdm09 (3/64, 4.69%), and classical swine (1/64, 1.56%) groups. The estimated evolutionary rate of HA in H1N2 from 2009 to 2022 in Korea is 1.5309 × 10-3/site/year (95% HPD intervals from 1.0003 × 10-3 to 2.1735 × 10-3) with an estimated mean growth rate of 0.0114. Estimates of the relative genetic diversity of clades over time suggested that the HA of H1N2 exhibited an increase in population size. The results of this study showed that the Eurasian avian-like-HA of the H1N2 subtype was dominant in the pig population. The continued evolution of the HA of H1N2, which is critical for cell entry, might lead to genetic diversity and the loss of vaccine cross-protection. These results indicate that continus surveillance is imperative for monitoring the evolution of the swine influenza virus.

국내 철골모멘트골조를 이전 KBC2005 및 현 KBC2009 기준에 따라 설계한 후 비선형동적해석을 이용하여 FEMA355F의 내진성능평가 절차에 따라 성능을 평가하였다. 그 결과 비선형정적 Push-over 해석을 이용한 역량스펙트럼법과 차이가 있었다. 특히국내 철골모멘트골조는 약패널존을 가지기 때문에 비선형동적해석을 통해서만 보다 정확한 거동을 예측할 수 있었다. 국내 철골모멘트골조는 지반 조건 SB　또는 SC에 위치한다면 층수 및 R값에 관계없이 성능목표를 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 지반 조건 SD　또는SE에 위치한다면 성능목표 만족 여부는 명확하지 않았다. 따라서 KBC2005나 KBC2009 어떤 기준을 사용하더라도 지반 조건이 상대적으로 좋다면 국내 철골모멘트골조는 내진성능을 충분히 확보하고 있다고 볼 수 있다.

This paper presents an investigation on dynamic characteristics of Heunginjimun through both ambient vibration and impact hammer tests. Heunginjimun, treasure No. 1 in Seoul, Korea, is a traditional wooden structure. Ambient vibration test is performed and spectrum analysis of time history is carried out to identify dominant frequency contents of Heunginjimun. Impact hammer test is undertaken to find the natural frequency of Heunginjimun with frequency response functions and phase information. Test results show that natural frequencies are 1.lHz, l.5Hz, 3.2Hz and 4.2Hz in two principal axes. Natural frequencies obtained by the tests are used to find the lateral stiffness of Heunginjimun. Simple dynamic models for Heunginjimun are suggested based on the moment resistance from joint beams and the restoring force due to column rocking. Lateral stiffness is found with identified natural frequencies and simple dynamic models.

본 논문에서는 국내 148개 지반에 대한 전단파속도 주상도, 기반암 깊이 및 지반의 동적변형특성을 획득하여 미국 서부해안지역의 지반특성과 비교하였고, 등가선형해석을 수행하였다. 해석은 1등급 붕괴방지수준인 0.154g를 암반노두에 적용하여 수행하였다. 해석결과 국내 지반특성에 적합한 증폭계수 F_a와 F_v는 UBC 기준의 증폭계수와 매우 다른 경향을 보였다. 단주기 증폭계수 F_a의 경우 UBC 기준보다는 큰 값이 얻어졌고, 장주기 증폭계수 F_v는 UBC 기준보다 작은 값으로 나타났다. 따라서, 국내 지반특성을 적절히 반영할 수 있는 설계지반운동 결정방법을 개선해야할 필요를 확인하였다.

The paper revisits the author’s previous paper to examine short-run and long-run dynamic relationships between macroeconomic variables and stock prices in Korea. The data is updated to the period for which monthly data are available from January 1986 to June 2018 (390 observations) retrieved from the Bank of Korea. The results of Johansen cointegration test indicate that at least one cointegrating equation exists, confirming there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock prices in Korea. The results of vector error correction estimates confirm that: 1) the coefficient of the error correction term is significant with a negative sign, which is, a long-run dynamic relationship is observed between macroeconomic variables and stock prices; 2) for short-run dynamics, the nominal exchange rate of the Korean won per the US dollar is positively related to stock prices, while interest rates are negatively related to stock prices in the short-run; 3) the coefficient of global financial crises is insignificant, that is, the changes of stock prices are determined largely by their own dynamics in the model. The results suggest only that the global financial crises neither cause instability in the cointegrating vector, nor affect significant changes in the endogenous variables in the model.

There has been a recent increase in the interest towards founding companies and in line with the South Korean Government’s policy on start-up support, discussions are rife about the effect of entrepreneurship on the management and performances of these companies. To enhance the competitiveness of SMEs, it is expedient to acquire and deploy consistent entrepreneurship, differentiate corporate resources, ensure the appropriate utilization of resources and the integration of such factors in response to the changing environment. This research examines relationships among entrepreneurship, three components of corporate capabilities, dynamic capability and technical performance based on resource-based view and the dynamic capability theory. The authors also investigate the moderating role of corporate life cycle. To test the hypothesis, we conducted a survey on 352 technologies –innovative SMEs located in South Korea via professional research institutes. The findings confirm the hypothesis that SMEs’ entrepreneurship has a positive effect on three kinds of corporate capabilities (e.g., marketing, R&D, operations capability), and it had a positive effect on dynamic capability, whiles dynamic capability also had an influence on technical performances. The findings also confirmed the hypothesis that corporate life cycle moderates the relationship between dynamic capability and technical performances respectively. The research implications for both practitioners and academicians are discussed.

There are many stringent environmental regulations on the management of waste electrical and electronic equipments(WEEE) in most developed countries. WEEE directive aims at increasing collection and recycling rate of WEEE whereas,while the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS) aims at restricting hazardous materials duringthe production of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). TV housing rear covers consist of small portion of brominatedflame retardants (BFRs). Improper management and disposal of such waste can pose impacts on the environment andhuman health. In Korea, there are very few available statistical data regarding BFRs levels in TVs housing rear covers.In order to provide additional measures related to management of BFRs, there is a need for a quantitative material flowstudy on the amount of BFR found in TVs. This can be achieved by the aid of material flow analysis of the TV setsand by studying the Deca-BDE components present in the TV housing read covers. In this study, the relevant data werecollected from the statistical reports and through field site visits to the WEEE recycling facilities with surveys. Staticand dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) was conducted to determine material flow of BFRs (Deca-BDE) in themanagement of waste TVs. According to this study, in 2011, households in Korea use 73,821ton of TV sets of which23,592ton of waste TV sets were collected and recycled by municipalities and producers. Extended ProducerResponsibility (EPR) played a major role in recycling of WEEE. In this study, it was predicted that Deca-BDE in usestage would reach down to 51.73ton by 2016. In addition, the amount of Deca-BDE present at the disposal and recyclingstage is estimated to be approximately 2.45ton by 2018.

지진에 따른 인명 피해 예측을 위한 핵심적 자료는 시간에 따른 사람들의 공간적 분포이다. HAZUS 플랫폼에서는 하루 중 세 시각(오후 2시, 5시, 오전 3시)에서 발생되는 인명 피해를 예측하기 위하여, 미국의 시간 별 인구공간분포를 사용하고 있으나, 인구공간분포 예측모델이 실제 행태자료를 자료를 바탕으로 하고 있지 않을 뿐 아니라, 대한민국의 시간별 행태패턴과 상이하여, 시간에 따른 공간적 exposure를 정확하게 예측할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 HAZUS 플랫폼을 활용하여, 울산광역시 56개동의 지진 인명피해 규모 예측 모델을 제시한다. 2009년 생활시간조사 자료를 활용하여 24시간의 행태 패턴을 파악하고, 파악된 자료를 바탕으로 행정동별 exposure 변화를 예측한다. 예측된 수치를 활용하여, 지진발생시각에 따른 행정동별 인명피해 규모 변화를 시뮬레이션한다. HAZUS 플랫폼을 대한민국에 적용하여 피해규모를 예측한 수편의 연구가 있으나, 정확한 인명피해 예측을 위하여 별도의 행태 패턴 자료를 활용하여 예측모델은 개선한 시도는 없었다. 본 연구를 통하여 도시공간의 시간별 exposure를 이해하고, 지진 대응을 위한 적절한 정책적 함의를 도출하고자 한다.