PURPOSES : This research assesses the influence of emulsified asphalt on vegetation growth by examining parameters such as moisture content, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and analyzing the extent of green coverage using image analysis. METHODS : Within this study, sensors were employed to measure the growth environment of vegetation treated with emulsified asphalt. Furthermore, the analysis of the greening rate through image analysis has been incorporated. RESULTS : Research indicates that emulsified asphalt effectively secures seeds to surfaces and maintains moisture content for an extended period. However, the excessive utilization of emulsified asphalt has been observed to reduce germination and greening rates. CONCLUSIONS : The application of an optimal emulsified asphalt content is presumed to promote vegetation growth. To establish objective, it is imperative to conduct comprehensive research on its long-term structural effects regarding growth, greening rate, and slope when integrated with emulsified asphalt.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of ions in emulsion asphalt on recycling cold asphalt concrete and suggest the possibility of using anionic and nonionic emulsion asphalt. METHODS : In this study, indirect tensile strength, toughness, tensile strength ratio, and dynamic immersion tests were conducted to determine the effects of cation, anion, and non-ion emulsified asphalt on the cold recycled asphalt mixture. Crack resistance was evaluated through indirect tensile strength and toughness tests and the tensile strength ratio and dynamic immersion test were evaluated through tensile strength ratio and dynamic water immersion test. RESULTS : Indirect tensile strength and toughness measurement results demonstrated that the mixture using anion and non-ion emulsified asphalt tended to be higher than that using cation emulsified asphalt; this is due to the high content of reclaimed asphalt pavement with a cationic or ionic surface, which is related to the use of cation-emulsified asphalt in the mixture and has shown a low strength tendency. The tensile strength ratio measurement demonstrated that the mixture using non-ion emulsified asphalt tended to be approximately 15 % higher than that of the anion mixture. This demonstrated that the chemical additive used in the mixture showed a complete hydration reaction with the distribution to the mixture. The dynamic immersion test indicates that the aggregate film rate of asphalt is highly influenced by the surface electric charge of the new aggregate while the ionicity effect appears to be insignificant, at 75 - 85 %, when circular aggregates are used. CONCLUSIONS : High reclaimed asphalt pavement content in cold recycled asphalt mixture, as well as non-ion and anionic emulsified asphalt, is advantageous, reducing cracking and improving moisture resistance. It is believed that anions and non-ions may be better utilized than applying the existing criteria to the cold temperature recycled asphalt mixture with high reclaimed asphalt pavement content. In addition, if the scope of the emulsified asphalt is expanded, various additives can be used, which will require analysis of materials, such as fertilizers and additives.

This work reports the syntheses of an inexpensive and efficient asphalt-derived mesoporous carbon (AdMC) as an adsorbent. The adsorbent was activated with potassium hydroxide to increase its surface area and then characterized by SEM–EDS, FT-IR, and BET. The adsorption properties of AdMC were evaluated for the adsorptive removal of eleven Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and diesel from water samples. The prepared AdMC showed very high surface areas and high micropore volumes equal to 2316 m2/g and 1.2 cm3/g, respectively. Various experimental conditions influencing the adsorption capacity of eleven PAHs and diesel were investigated. At high concentrations, PAHs and diesel solubility in water is very low. Hence, samples were emulsified with a surfactant, and then maximum adsorption capacity was investigated. Adsorption profile of individual PAHs was examined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis followed by liquid–liquid extraction. Total hydrocarbon removal was studied using a total organic analyzer. Asphalt-derived mesoporous sorbent showed an extreme ability to remove PAHs and diesel (average adsorption capacity of 166 mg/g for individual PAHs and diesel (maximum capacity of 1600 mg/g). The experimental results fitted the Langmuir model with a correlation efficiency of 0.9853. The results obtained for both adsorbents also matched to pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting that the adsorption of PAHs and diesel is chemical, monolayer, and homogeneous process.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to examine the manufacturing method for emulsified asphalt and its bond performance by analyzing the properties of the emulsifier used to produce cold recycled asphalt mixtures. METHODS: In this study, four types of slow-setting cationic emulsifiers, a microsurfacing emulsifier, and six types of nonionic emulsifiers were used to manufacture emulsified asphalt. Because each emulsifier requires its own unique effective dose to provide the best performance, the optimum asphalt content for each effective dose was determined. Then, the optimum asphalt content for the emulsified asphalt mixture was determined by the tests to check its basic physical properties. By using the determined optimum content, asphalt mixtures were manufactured and dynamic immersion and tensile strength tests were conducted on the mixtures to analyze the influence of the emulsifier on the physical properties of the mixtures. RESULTS : The dynamic immersion test results showed a coating ratio of 54-85%, which is considerably higher than that of using ordinary straight asphalt. The tensile strength test yielded noncompliant values less than 0.4 N/mm, which is the standard requirement for dry indirect tensile strength. The correlation analysis between the dynamic immersion and tensile strength ratio tests showed very high correlation of 0.78. The correlation between the emulsifier content and water resistance performance was low, between -0.55 and -0.24. CONCLUSIONS : While the storage stability improves with increasing emulsifier, the effectiveness proportional to the increase is weaker as the emulsifier increases. The performance testing of asphalt residues before and after manufacturing the emulsified asphalt showed no significant change. It is proved that the emulsified asphalt maintains high coating resistance according to the dynamic immersion test results. In addition, according to the results of tensile strength ratio, cold recycled asphalt mixtures manufactured by the materials normally and commercially used are not compliant with the national standard specification; thus, additional effective materials will be needed for quality compliance. In conclusion, it is evident that the dynamic immersion and tensile strength ratio tests have good correlation, but the quantity of emulsifiers used is not related to the level of moisture resistance.

In the United States and Europe, new environmentally friendly asphalt pavement has been researched as an alternative to traditional hot asphalt pavement. After the Paris Convention of 2015, policies should be found to reduce carbon dioxide. In the field of asphalt pavement, new methods are needed to reduce carbon dioxide from the traditional hot asphalt pavement. In Korea, waste asphalt is growing and natural aggregate is running dry. So the government is implementing policies to increase the use of waste resources. So, it created a new asphalt pavement method to reduce CO2 and use waste asphalt. It is a cold recycled asphalt pavement. Emulsified asphalt has a balance of dispersibility, stability, and adhesive between water, aggregates, and asphalt. But, the physical properties of emulsified asphalt can be degraded compared to traditional hot asphalt pavement. So there are limitations in actual use. The study compared the softening point, elastic recovery, and penetration properties of asphalt mix compounds by using latex in emulsified asphalt. In particular, cations latex was used for the emulsified asphalt, which could further improve the physical properties.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of a cold-recycling asphalt mixture used as a base layer and to determine the optimum emulsified-asphalt content for ensuring the mixture’s performance. METHODS: The physical properties (storage stability, mixability, and workability) of three types of asphalt emulsion (CMS-1h, CSS-1h, and CSS-1hp) were evaluated using the rotational viscosity test. Asphalt emulsion residues, prepared according to the ASTM D 7497-09 standard, were evaluated for their rheological properties, including the G*/sinδand the dynamic shear modulus (|G*|). In addition, the Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, and tensile-strength ratio (TSR) were evaluated for the cold-recycling asphalt mixtures fabricated according to the type and contents of the emulsified asphalt. RESULTS: The CSS-1hp was found to be superior to the other two types in terms of storage stability, mixability, and workability, and its G*/sinδ value at high temperatures was higher than that of the other two types. From the dynamic shear modulus test, the CSS-1hp was also found to be superior to the other two types, with respect to low-temperature cracking and rutting resistance. The mixture test indicated that the indirect tensile strength and TSR increased with the increasing emulsified-asphalt content. However, the mixtures with one-percent emulsified-asphalt content did not meet the national specification in terms of the aggregate coverage (over 50%) and the indirect tensile strength (more than 0.4 MPa). CONCLUSIONS : The emulsified-asphalt performance varied greatly, depending on the type of base material and modifying additives; therefore, it is considered that this will have a great effect on the performance of the cold-recycling asphalt pavement. As the emulsified-asphalt content increased, the strength change was significant. Therefore, it is desirable to apply the strength properties as a factor for determining the optimum emulsified-asphalt content in the mix design. The 1% emulsified-asphalt content did not satisfy the strength and aggregate coverage criteria suggested by national standards. Therefore, the minimum emulsified-asphalt content should be specified to secure the performance.

비가열식 상온 도로포장 재활용 공법인 상온 현장 재활용 공법(CIR), 상온 플랜트 재활용 공법(CCPR), 상온 전체 포장층 재활용 공법(FDR)들은 경제적으로 시공 비용이 저렴하고 공사기간을 단축시키며 환경오염 영향을 적게 미치는 장점이 있다. 상온 재활용 공법에 사용되는 아스팔트 바인더는 크게 유화아스팔트(emulsified asphalt)와 폼드 아스팔트(foamed asphalt)가 적용되며, 이들은 재생 아스팔트 혼합물의 재생첨가제 또는 안정제로서의 기능을 하기도 한다. 유화아스팔트는 물속에 아스팔트 바인더 입자(1-3μm)가 계면활성제(surfactant)에 의해 상분리 현상을 일으키지 않고 분산 상태를 유지하고 있는 액체 상태의 아스팔트이기 때문에 상온에서 별도의 가열 없이 편리하게 사용할 수 있다. 하지만 상온 재활용 아스팔트 콘크리트에 대한 공학적 구조 해석을 위한 정량적 데이터가 부족하여 공학적 공용성 분석이 이루어지지 못해 널리 활성화 되는데 한계점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 상온 재활용 아스팔트 콘크리트용 개질 유화아스팔트의 개발을 목적으로 개질재(천연고무, 합성고무 등)에 의한 유화아스팔트 바인더의 정량적 물성 성능 평가를 위하여 기초적 실험평가를 실시하였다. 아스팔트 바인더(AP-3)를 개질 첨가제인 천연고무, 합성고무 A와 B를 각각 3% 첨가하여 개질시키고 유화 과정을 시켜 개질 유화아스팔트를 제조하였다. 이렇게 제조된 개질 유화아스팔트의 증발잔류물(평균 61%)에 대해 침입도와 연화점 시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과 천연고무와 합성고무 B로 개질 유화아스팔트의 연화점이 66℃과 67℃로 합성고무 A(51℃)보다 높게 나타났고, 침입도는 천연고무로 개질된 유화아스팔트가 49로 합성고무(A) 66와 합성고무(B) 74로 측정되었다. 천연고무로 개질된 유화아스팔트의 물성 성능이 가장 우수하였고 혼합성 및 저장안전성도 양호하였다. 천연고무, 합성고무 A와 B를 적용한 개질 유화아스팔트의 물성 성능평가를 통해 기초적 자료를 확보하였고, 향후 상온 재활용 아스팔트 콘크리트 혼합물에 대한 공용성능 평가를 통해 공학적 공용성 분석을 진행할 예정이다.

PURPOSES:Emulsified asphalt is critical for road construction. The objective of applying asphalt emulsion as an adhesive is to prevent the phenomenon of debonding between the upper and lower layers. The quantity and veriety of bituminous material can be varied according to the type of pavement and site conditions. The objective of this study is to reveal the optimum application rates of the emulsified asphalt materials by types of tack-coats using Interface Shear Strength(ISS).METHODS:In the research, emulsified asphalt was paved on the surface of the divided mixture. The specimens of paving asphalt emulsion were utilized to evaluate the bond strength of tack-coat materials. In the evaluation process, NCHRP Report 712 was utilized to investigate the Interface Shear Strength, which reflects the bond capacity of asphalt emulsion. Then, the optimum residual application rates by tack-coat types were determined using regression analysis.RESULTS:As a consequence of squared R values investigated from 0.7 to 1 as part of the regression analysis, the tendency of predicted ISS values was compared with the results. The optimum residual application rates of AP-3, RS(C)-4, QRS-4, and BD-Coat were determined to be 0.78ℓ/m2, 0.51ℓ/m2, 0.53ℓ/m2, and 0.73ℓ/m2, respectively, utilizing 4th regression analysis.CONCLUSIONS:Based on the result of this study, it was not feasible to conclude whether higher residual application of tack-coat material leads to improved bond capacity. Rather, the shearing strength varies depending on the type of pavement.

일반적으로 유화 아스팔트와 폼드 아스팔트를 사용한 현장 상온 재생 아스팔트 포장은 노후한 아스팔트 포장을 재생하는데 가장 경제적이며 친환경적인 재활용 공법이다. 최근, 현장 상온 재생 아스팔트 혼합물의 코팅, 라벨링, 잔류안정도, 양생조건을 향상시켜주는 고점착 유화 아스팔트가 개발되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 현장 상온 재생 아스팔트 포장을 위한 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물과 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물의 실내시험에 대한 반응특성을 비교하는 것이다. 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물은 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물과 비교하여 재활용 골재를 균일하게 코팅시켜주는 것으로 육안 관찰되었다. 현장 상온 재생 아스팔트 포장을 위한 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물과 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물의 마샬안정도와 간접인장강도는 유사한 반응을 보여주었다. 하지만 진공으로 포화된 습윤상태의 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물의 마샬안정도와 간접인장강도는 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 4시간 양생 후 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물의 라벨링 현상은 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물보다 적게 발생하였다. 본 실내시험에 대한 반응특성으로부터 현장 상온 재생 아스팔트 포장을 위한 고점착 유화 아스팔트 혼합물은 폼드 아스팔트 혼합물보다 우수한 저항성과 라벨링 저항성을 발휘하는 것으로 평가되었다.

상온아스팔트 혼합물은 생산공정이나 시공 중에 naphtha나 kerosene을 사용하는 컷백 아스팔트와 같이 환경오염물질을 생성하지 않고 골재와 아스팔트 바인더를 가열하지 않기 때문에 가열아스팔트 혼합물에 비하여 환경친화적이며 경제적이다. 그러나 일반적으로 상온아스팔트 혼합물은 가열아스팔트 혼합물에 비해 내구성이나 수분민감성에서 미흡한 점이 많다. 본 연구에서는 상온아스팔트의 수분민감성과 내구성을 증진시킬 수 있는 섬유보강 상온아스팔트 혼합물(FEAM)에 대한 평가를 하였다. 최적 유화아스팔트량(OEC), 최적함수량(OWC) 그리고 최적 섬유보강제 첨가량(OFC)를 결정하기 위해서 마샬배합설계를 수정 개발하였다. 최적의 섬유보강 상온아스팔트 혼합물과 일반 상온아스팔트 혼합물을 제작하여 마샬안정도 시험, 간접인장강도 시험 및 회복탄성계수 시험을 실시하였고 그 결과를 가열아스팔트 혼합물의 결과와 비교하였다. 결과로 FEAM과 EAM 모두 마샬배합설계 기준으로 중간 교통량에 충분한 것으로 판명되었다. 또한 섬유보강에 의하여 일반 상온아스팔트 혼합물의 수분민감성과 내구성이 증진하는 효과도 얻을 수 있는 것으로 판명되었다