Background: Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is introduced species that has caused aquatic ecology activity both in vitro and in vivo were investigated for the possibility of application of the bass extract as an alternative feed ingredient. Methods: The bass oil was extracted using a 1-L supercritical extractor, while the protein was extracted from 250 g of bass dry matter, which was dissolved in 1 mL of H2O at 50℃. Both oil and protein extracts were evaluated antioxidant activities and the level of DPPH radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide (NO) production assay with lipopolysaccharide response. Oral administration of 6.6 μL/g bass protein and 5.38 μL/g bass oil conducted for investigating serological and physiological effect. Results: DPPH radical scavenging showed similar radical scavenging ability of 50 μM of ascorbic acid at 200 μg of protein and 10% of oil treatment. NO concentration was diminished by the treatment of bass oil. Oral administration of both bass oil and proteins to mice showed that the body weight increase rate of the bass oil treated group was significantly reduced by 1.55 g compared to the other groups. The number of white blood cells (WBC) was increased by 4.52 k/μL in the bass protein-treated group and 4.44 k/μL in the bass oil-treated group compared to the control group. However, the serum IgG level did not show a significant difference between the bass extract-treated groups and the control group. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that both bass oil and proteins extracted from the bass not only provide excellent effects of antioxidant and immune activity but can also be used as functional food supplements.

본 연구는 영덕호, 벽계지, 금풍지, 마산지 4개 호수를 대상으로, 우리나라 수생태계에 침입하여 생태계 교란을 일으키는 외래어종인 큰입배스(Micropterus salmoides)가 서식 유무에 따라 어류군집에 미치는 특성을 확인하기 위하여 2008년부터 2010년 까지 연도별로 각 2회에 걸쳐 어류조사를 수행하였다. 조사된 어류는 영덕호 9종 2,775개체, 벽계지 3종 96개 , 금풍지 7종 1,104개체, 마산지 15종 7,513개체로, 이중 벽계지와 금풍지에서는 개체수비율의 약 80%는 배스가 차지하여 우점하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 맥락에서, 벽계지와 금풍지의 군집생태지수를 분석해 보았을 때 낮은 종풍부도를, 반면에 배스가 서식하지 않는 것으로 확인된 영덕호와 마산지에서는 종풍부도가 높게 나타났다. 섭식특성 분석결과, 벽계지와 영덕호, 금풍지에서 낮은 잡식종 비율을, 마산지에서는 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 벽계지와 금풍지에서 잡식종 비율이 낮게 나타난 것은, 최상위 포식자 이자, 육식종인 배스가 우점한 영향으로 사료된다. 결론적으로 배스의 서식은, 해당 수계에 서식하는 어류의 내성특성과 섭식특성 등, 군집생태지수를 이루는 모든 변수 값을 감소시킴으로 수생태계 어류군집에 건강성악화를 초래하는 요인으로서 작용하는 것으로 사료된다.

An analysis of recent studies and a field survey were conducted to investigate the distribution of the exotic species Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and the results’ applicability for biological control against ragweed, which disturbs the island’s ecosystem. The ragweed beetle (O. communa) can be found anywhere on the host plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., which grows in Jeju Island. Moreover, ragweed beetles possess the following characteristics: a high host plant specificity, a high-temperature resistance, an excellent mobility, and multivoltinism. Ragweed is extensively distributed and gradually expands its habitat further on Jeju Island. For this reason, it is recommended to take advantage of O. communa for the biological control of ragweed instead of pesticides or direct removal, considering that Jeju is endowed with many natural reserves and unique insular traits.

본 연구의 목적은 국내산 남생이와 외래종 붉은귀거북의 행동권 및 서식지 이용 패턴을 확인하고 종간 상호 경쟁관계 를 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구는 2010년 8월 2일부터 2011년 1월 30일까지 경기도 과천시 청계산 계곡 상류지역에 위치한 정수역인 금붕어광장 연못에서 수행되었다. 서울동물원에서 인공증식한 남생이 3개체와 국내의 연못과 저수지 에 서식하고 있던 붉은귀거북 3개체를 포획하여 위치추적발신기를 부착한 후 방사하여 모니터링을 수행하였다. 방사된 개체들의 행동권과, 서식지 이용반경을 측정하였고, 금붕어광장 연못의 온·습도 및 수온, 지온 등 환경적인 변화를 측정하였다. 본 연구 결과는 남생이와 붉은귀거북은 제한된 일광욕 장소, 먹이자원 이용, 동면지 등 여러 측면에서 중복된 생태적 지위를 가지고 있어서 상호 경쟁이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 비교적 몸집이 작은 남생이가 몸집이 큰 붉은귀거북에게 경쟁에서 밀려나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 남생이가 서식하고 있는 원서식지에 붉은귀거북의 이입을 통한 종간, 개체간의 행동권과 먹이경쟁, 서식지 이용 등에 대한 연구가 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 사료되며, 추후 남생이 복원사업의 기초자료가 될 것이다.

This study was carried out to analyze the difference of fish fauna, ecological indictor characteristics, biological status of other fish population and fish community structures between two groups of reservoir ecosystems along with invasion of introduced alien species, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), top carnivore in the lentic ecosystem. Six reservoirs (YdR, GcR, MsR, BgR, GpR, and YgR) were selected and divided as two groups; reservoirs non-invaded and invaded by M. salmoides were RNIv and RIv respectively. Total 28 species 11,519 individuals were sampled in RNIv whereas 19 species 1,925 individuals were sampled in RIv. While Korean endemic fish population dominates in RNIv, exotic fish species, especially M. salmoides population dominate in RIv. In the mean time, sensitive species and water-column species dominates in RNIv, while tolerant species and carnivore species dominate in RIv. The analysis of total-length size distribution showed some difference, particularly in special size group between RNIv and RIv. Also, the analysis of total fish biomass showed significant difference in accordance with largemouth inhabitation. According to the fish community analysis results, as M. salmoides proportion increased, species richness and diversity were decreased. Overall data suggests that the dominant distribution of largemouth bass may influence simplification of the fish fauna, species composition as well as community structure and affect the length distribution and biomass of other fish population negatively.

We identified research trends for freshwater exotic species in South Korea using text mining methods in conjunction with bibliometric analysis. We searched scientific and common names of freshwater exotic species as searching keywords including 1 mammal species, 3 amphibian-reptile species, 11 fish species, 2 aquatic plant species. A total of 245 articles including research articles and abstracts of conference proceedings published by 56 academic societies and institutes were collected from scientific article databases. The search keywords used were the common names for the exotic species. The 20th century (1900’s) saw the number of articles increase; however, during the early 21st century (2000’s) the number of published articles decreased slowly. The number of articles focusing on physiological and embryological research was significantly greater than taxonomic and ecological studies. Rainbow trout and Nile tilapia were the main research topic, specifically physiological and embryological research associated with the aquaculture of these species. Ecological studies were only conducted on the distribution and effect of large-mouth bass and nutria. The ecological risk associated with freshwater exotic species has been expressed yet the scientific information might be insufficient to remove doubt about ecological issues as expressed by interested by individuals and policy makers due to bias in research topics with respect to freshwater exotic species. The research topics of freshwater exotic species would have to diversify to effectively manage freshwater exotic species.

본 연구에서는 2011년 우리나라 10개의 중대형 인공호에서 배스의 우점도에 의한 외래종 영향 및 이에 대 한 어류 군집 구조 분석을 실시하였고, 이들이 출현하는 호수에 대한 이화학적 수질특성을 분석하였다. 10개 인공호에서 출현한 어류는 13과 52종이었으며, 배스의 상대 풍부도는 전체 어종들 중 13%를 차지하여, 출현한 어류들 중 3번째로 높게 우점하는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 결과는 향후 배스가 수체내에서 최상위 포식자로서의 포식압 및 생태적 지위 특성 때문에 많은 인공호들에서는 본 배스의 외래종 번성에 의한 생태계 교란 효과가 극대화 될 수 있음을 제시하였다. 전체 조사 대상 인공호들 중 평택호에서 배스의 상대 풍부도는 60%로서 가장 높게 나타난 반면, 대청호에서 풍부도는 3%로서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 배스 서식지에 대한 이∙화학적 수질분석 결과에 따르면, COD는 평균 4.5±2.5 mg L-1 였고, 총인 (TP) 농도는 0.058±0.047 mg L-1, 총질소 (TN)는 2.2±1.4 mg L-1로 나타났다. 인(P)과 질소(N) 의 농도 분석에 따르면, 평택호, 낙동강하구언, 주남저수지 등의 수체는 부영양화 현상이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 배스의 상대풍부도와 수질자료의 비교분석에 따르면, 두 변수는 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계 (p.0.05)를 보이지 않았다. 즉, 배스의 분포 및 풍부도 특성은 이 화학적 수질도 중요하겠지만, 이들보다는 여러 타 요인들, 즉, 물리적 서식지 특성, 이용 가능한 먹이양 및 경쟁생물의 밀도 등에 의해 더 영향 받을 것으로 추정되었다.

Corythucha marmorata (Uhler, 1878), the chrysanthemum lace bug, originally distributes throughout North America. It feeds on plants in the family Asteraceae. In south central New York, it has been known as a common herbivore of Solidago spp. and Aster spp., especially Solidago altissima and Aster novae-angliae. Since the first founding of the lace bug in the western Japan (Hyogo) in 1999, it has rapidly expanded to other areas and sometimes damaged to agricultural crops such as chrysanthemum and sweet potato. In July 2012, we found the lace bug at Icheon, Gyeonggi Province, in Korea for the first time. Interestingly Aster pilosus Wild., an American exotic plant, was heavily infested with a lot of adults and nymphs of the lace bug at roadside. Subsequent survey indicates that it distributes widely in the central Korea, inhabiting a few wild plants including Erigeron annuus (L.) and Conyza canadensis (L.). In this report, we provide its morphological and molecular characteristics, distribution, host plants, and possible importance as an agricultural pest in Korea.

Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) (Hemiptera: Flatidae), the citrus flatid planthopper(CFP) is suddenly discovered this year in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea. CFP is originally distributed in the Eastern parts of North America(Metcalf and Bruner 1948), and recently spreading to European countries(Baker et al. 2008) such as northern Italy, Spain, and France. It is an economically important plant-sucking insect having wide host range including many agricultural crops such as grapefruit and citrus, and ornamental trees, camellias, azaleas, and magnolias(Dean and Bailey 1961) mediating plant viruses. We discovered large samples on Hosta longipes (Franch. & Sav.) Matsumura, Liriope platyphylla F.T.Wang & T.Tang, Weigela subsessilis L.H.Bailey, etc. in Seoul and Suwon on August 2009. In this report, we announce their taxonomic position, morphological characters, distribution, host information, and importance as a possible pest in the Korean peninsula.

지난 2년 동안의 조사를 통하여, 국내에 새로이 유입한 북미 원산의 돼지풀잎벌레(Ophraella communa LeSage)의 국내 발생현황과 알에서 성충에 이르는 형태적 특징과 생활사를 간단히 기술하였으며, 앞으로의 국내 분포 확산전망에 대해 기술하였다.