PURPOSES: In this paper, the effectiveness of speed-maintained standardization in road geometry on environmental impact at a downward slope location, based on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission indicators, was studied. Specifically, the aim of this study was to ascertain whether speed-maintained standardization resulted in decreased CO2 emissions as well as noise pollution, due to reduced vehicle speeds. METHODS : In this study, speed-maintained standardization in road geometry was proposed as a means to reduce vehicle speeds, with a view to reducing CO2 emissions and noise pollution. This technique was applied at a downward slope location. The vehicle speeds, CO2 emissions, and noise levels before and after application of speed-maintained standardization were compared. RESULTS: It was found that speed-maintained standardization was effective as a means to reduce speed, as well as CO2 emissions and noise pollution. By applying speed-maintained standardization, it was confirmed that vehicle speeds were reduced consistently. As a result, CO2 emissions and noise levels were decreased by 9% and 11%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : This study confirmed that speed-maintained standardization in road geometry is effective in reducing vehicle speeds, CO2 emissions, and noise levels. Moreover, there is further scope for the application of this method in the design of roads in urban and rural areas, as well as in the design of highways.

이 논문에서는 CGE모형을 통해 온실가스 감축정책이 제주지역 농업 및 총생산에 미치는 영향을 계측 하였다. 분석결과 탄소세를 부과할 경우에는 전라권의 GRDP가 2.522% 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 제 주권은 0.272% 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 배출권거래제의 경우 제주권의 GRDP 감소효과는 0.01% 로 나타났다. 산업부문별 산출효과를 분석하면 전력이 1.411% 감소하고, 화학제품 1.370% 감소하여 그 업종의 산출액이 각각 18억원과 9억원 정도 줄어드는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 에너지다소비산업인 건 설, 운수·보관업, 일반기계, 금속제품 등의 산출이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 배출권거래제를 도 입할 경우 탄소세 부과보다 산출 감소가 크게 줄어드는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 배출권거래를 통해 온 실가스 규제의 영향을 최소화할 수 있기 때문인 것으로 파악된다.

This study examines the contribution level of greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reduction and installation costs of renewable energy facilities. The GHG emission forecasts and industrial structures in the 16 regions of Korea are then analyzed to identify the proper supply of renewable energy sources for each region. The results show that water power is the most effective and efficient renewable energy source to reduce GHG emissions, followed by sunlight, wind power, geothermal heat, and solar heat, respectively. The 16 regions are then categorized into 4 groups based on their GHG emission forecast and industrial structure: high emission and manufacturing group, low emission and manufacturing group, low emission and service group, and high emission and service group. The proper supply of renewable energy sources for each group is then determined based on the contribution level and cost efficiency of GHG emission reduction.

To address greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping, the International Maritime Organization has adopted technical and operational measures, and discussed the possibility of adopting market-based measures. China, Japan and South Korea are major shipbuilding nations in the world, and have differing responses towards the IMO’s regulatory initiatives. This paper conducts a comparative assessment of these three countries’ positions on regulatory principles of the greenhouse gas issue, and concludes that their differentiated perspectives on this matter reflect their different regulatory interests. It is significant to take their differentiated interests into account in the developing regulatory regime to avoid disproportionate burdens being placed on certain countries, in particular developing countries.

The global warming related to GHG (greenhouse gases) emissions from industries is a major issue globally. Furthermore, GHG emissions from the fishery industries also represent an important issue, as indicated by "The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries" at the Cancun, Mexico, meeting in 1992 and by the Kyoto protocol in 2005. Korea pronounced itself to be a voluntary exclusion management country at the 16th IPCC at Cancun, Mexico, in 2010. However, few analyses of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries have been performed. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from the major Korean fisheries is needed before guidelines for reducing GHG emissions from the fishing industry can be established. The aim of this study was to assess the present GHG emissions from the Korean Purse seine fishery using the LCA (life cycle assessment) method. The system boundary and allocation method were defined for the LCA analysis. The fuel consumption factor of the purse seine fishery was also calculated. The GHG emissions for the edible fish were evaluated by determining the weights of whole fish and gutted fish. Finally, the GHG emissions required to produce 1kg of whole fish and 1kg of edible fish were deduced. The results will help determine the GHG emissions from the fishery. They will also be helpful to stakeholders and the government in understanding the circumstances involved in GHG emissions from the fishing industry.