위성신호 반사계측(GNSS-Reflectometry) 기술은 위성으로부터 전송되는 신호의 지표면 혹은 해수면에 반사되는 신호를 측정하여 분석하는 기법으로서, 해수면 높이측정, 태풍 및 기상이변, 그리고 토양의 수분 및 적설량 측정 등에 활용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 GNSS-R 기술의 해양 활용확대와 그 가능성을 살펴보기 위하여, 위성신호의 신호대잡음비를 이용하는 GNSS-R 기술의 개념과 측정원리에 대해 설명하고, 국제적인 활용 사례를 조사하여 제시하였다. 특히 GNSS-R 기술을 기존 DGNSS 기준국 및 상시관측소 인프라를 이용하여 해양안전 및 환경 모니터링에 활용 가능할 뿐만 아니라, 지상 및 해양기준국, 위성기반, 해상선박 탑재 측면에서의 해양 응용 가능분야를 조사하여 제안하였다.

This work is for evaluating the intentional interference against GNSS receiver on surface ships. The case study was performed under considerable assumptions based on the GPS jamming events around the Korean Peninsula in recent years. The propagation loss

GNSS systems have been rapidly expanded and developed in the global community. New signals have also increased for civilian and military uses. Multiple frequencies on constellations are being broadcasted in similar spectrum band.

The propagation- path environment might be a significant issue in EW combat field. The "electromagnetic wave" is spreaded through free space or various paths with specific propagation loss. The certain amount of loss is inevitable due to the different..

There are weaknesses of water-pipe buried at river because of difficulty like to invisible exposure by scour. These weaknesses cause flotation, deformation and damage of pipeline. Therefore, this paper presents the survey instrument applying GNSS that KISTEC has recently introduced. Also, we has verified reliability by discovering exposed water-pipe on field

In South Korea, there are about 80 Global Positioning System (GPS) monitoring stations providing total electron content (TEC) every 10 min, which can be accessed through Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) for scientific use. We applied the computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) algorithm to the TEC dataset from this GPS network for monitoring the regional ionosphere over South Korea. The algorithm utilizes multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) with an initial condition of the latest International Reference Ionosphere-2016 model (IRI-2016). In order to reduce the number of unknown variables, the vertical profiles of electron density are expressed with a linear combination of empirical orthonormal functions (EOFs) that were derived from the IRI empirical profiles. Although the number of receiver sites is much smaller than that of Japan, the CIT algorithm yielded reasonable structure of the ionosphere over South Korea. We verified the CIT results with NmF2 from ionosondes in Icheon and Jeju and also with GPS TEC at the center of South Korea. In addition, the total time required for CIT calculation was only about 5 min, enabling the exploration of the vertical ionospheric structure in near real time.

The equatorial region of the Earth’s ionosphere exhibits large temporal variations in electron density that have significant implications on satellite signal transmissions. In this paper, the first observation results of the variations in the trough of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly at the permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) site in Chuuk (Geographic: 7.5° N, 151.9° E; Geomagnetic: 0.4° N) are presented. It was found that the daytime Global Positioning System (GPS) total electron content (TEC) values vary according to the 27 day period of solar rotation , and that these trends show sharp contrast with those of summer. The amplitudes of the semi-annual anomaly were 12.4 TECU (33 %) on 19th of March and 8.8 TECU (23 %) on 25th of October respectively, with a yearly averaged value of 38.0 TECU. The equinoctial asymmetry at the March equinox was higher than that at the October equinox rather than the November equinox. Daily mean TEC values were higher in December than in June, which could be interpreted as annual or winter anomalies. The nighttime GPS TEC enhancements during 20:00-24:00 LT also exhibited the semi-annual variation. The pre-midnight TEC enhancement could be explained with the slow loss process of electron density that is largely produced during the daytime of equinox. However, the significant peaks around 22:00-23:00 LT at the spring equinox require other mechanisms other than the slow loss process of the electron density.

For a practical mobile robot team such as carrying out a search and rescue mission in a disaster area, the localization have to be guaranteed even in an environment where the network infrastructure is destroyed or a global positioning system (GPS) is unavailable. The proposed architecture supports localizing robots seamlessly by finding their relative locations while moving from a global outdoor environment to a local indoor position. The proposed schemes use a cooperative positioning system (CPS) based on the two-way ranging (TWR) technique. In the proposed TWR-based CPS, each non-localized mobile robot act as tag, and finds its position using bilateral range measurements of all localized mobile robots. The localized mobile robots act as anchors, and support the localization of mobile robots in the GPS-shadow region such as an indoor environment. As a tag localizes its position with anchors, the position error of the anchor propagates to the tag, and the position error of the tag accumulates the position errors of the anchor. To minimize the effect of error propagation, this paper suggests the new scheme of full-mesh based CPS for improving the position accuracy. The proposed schemes assuring localization were validated through experiment results.

Space geodetic techniques can be used to obtain precise shape and rotation information of the Earth. To achieve this, the representative combination solution of each space geodetic technique has to be produced, and then those solutions need to be combined. In this study, the representative combination solution of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), which is one of the space geodetic techniques, was produced, and the variations in the position coordinate of each station during 7 years were analyzed. Products from five analysis centers of the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) were used as the input data, and Bernese 5.0, which is the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data processing software, was used. The analysis of the coordinate time series for the 43 VLBI stations indicated that the latitude component error was about 15.6 mm, the longitude component error was about 37.7 mm, and the height component error was about 30.9 mm, with respect to the reference frame, International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2008 (ITRF2008). The velocity vector of the 42 stations excluding the YEBES station showed a magnitude difference of 7.3 mm/yr (30.2%) and a direction difference of 13.8° (3.8%), with respect to ITRF2008. Among these, the 10 stations in Europe showed a magnitude difference of 7.8 mm/yr (30.3%) and a direction difference of 3.7° (1.0%), while the 14 stations in North America showed a magnitude difference of 2.7 mm/yr (15.8%) and a direction difference of 10.3° (2.9%).

GPS 오차를 보정하기위한 시스템 중에서 광역보정시스템은 여러 개의 기준국 네트워크로부터 데이터를 수집하여 3차원 위성궤도 오차, 위성 시계오차, 서비스 지역의 전리층 지연 오차를 추정한다. 추정된 보정정보는 사용자에게 방송되고, 사용자는 더 정확하고 신뢰성 있는 위치를 계산 할 수 있다. 이러한 광역보정시스템의 성능은 기준국의 배치에 따라 차이를 보일 수 있으므로 적절한 기준국 선정을 위해서는 기준국 네트워크 변화에 따른 성능 분석이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 한국에서의 광역보정시스템 성능을 기준국 조합을 변경하면서 시뮬레이션 테스트를 수행하였고, 그에 따른 성능 변화를 제시하였다.

Recently, as a number of long span bridges are constructed, the various studies have been focused on bridge health monitoring system (BHMS). Also, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is being spotlighted as new concept sensor for BHMS because of its unique advantages. However, GNSS installed for bridge monitoring has been used so far only in measurement of bridge displacement. Therefore, in this study, the dynamic characteristic analysis of bridge using GNSS data collected in bridge was conducted, through which is to increase the utilization of GNSS for bridge health monitoring system (BHMS).

The sensors currently installed for bridge monitoring are faced with limitations in terms of the application and effectiveness of such systems in current long sized bridges, which are developing rapidly in terms of both size and function. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been noted as an only way to overcome the limitations of such sensors. This is because they have numerous desirable characteristics that outweigh their high cost. However, GNSS installed for bridge monitoring has been used so far only in measurement of bridge displacement. Therefore, in this study, verify the usability of GNSS through correlation analysis between deflection and temperature

Measuring displacement data is very useful as it can be applied to static, quasi-static, and dynamic behavior of structures. GNSS system is used to measuring displacement of structures. In this study, test bridge model was made to evaluate GNSS singnal characteristic.

본 논문에서는 국토해양부 해양교통시설과의 연구개발과제인 '광역보정시스템(WA-DGNSS) 구축기술개발' 과제에서 현재까지 개발된 지상국 부분에 대한 성능 검증에 대하여 설명한다. 본 연구개발과제에서는 전국토에 균일한 정확도, 가용성 및 무결성 성능을 보장할 수 있는 광역보정시스템의 핵심알고리듬을 개발하고 지상기반 데모시스템 구축을 완료하여 최종 년도에는 의사위성을 통한 실시간 데모를 실시할 예정이다. 또한 미래 다중 GNSS에 대비하여 GLONASS 및 Galileo를 포함하는 광역보정시스템의 성능을 시뮬레이션을 통해 예측하였다. 본 과제에서 개발된 연구 결과들은 알고리즘 설명서 및 핵심기술권고사항으로 문서화되어 2014년부터 진행될 위성기반 광역보정시스템(SBAS)의 개발에 직접적으로 활용될 예정이다.

It is well known that multipath disturbance is one of the major error sources impacting high precision GPS positioning. Even though most of the other error sources have been dealt with by modeling or using special practical techniques, multipath disturbance is still the limiting factor of all precise differential carrier-phase applications. Wavelet decomposition techniques proved to be a powerful tool in mitigation as introduced by various researchers. This paper presents a new trend extraction technique for multipath mitigation in carrier phase measurements domain using wavelet multi-resolution analysis.

고층 빌딩, 초장대 교량과 같은 대형 구조물의 건설이 증가하고 있다. 이들 대형 구조물은 기존의 소규모 구조물보다 다양한 거동해석 기술이 필요하고 발생 변위 허용량이 cm단위 이상으로 대변위 발생이 가능하기 때문에 구조물 건전도 평가를 위한 지속적인 모니터링이 중요하다. 구조물의 건전도 모니터링을 위해서 다양한 계측 장비를 이용하고 있으며, 다양한 계측 장비 중 변위 계측을 위해서는 GNSS(Golbal Navigation Satellite System)를 이용한 계측이 주로 이루어지고 있다. GNSS의 경우 장비의 설치 및 유지관리가 매우 편리하다는 장점이 있으며, 계측 변위가 절대 좌표계로 측정 되므로 장비 재부팅시에도 동일한 기준 좌표를 사용하므로 기준점 초기화의 과정이 필요 없다는 장점이 있다. 하지만 GNSS의 경우 위성 신호를 관측하기 때문에 위성 전파방해에 따라 계측 오차가 발생하며 현재의 구조물의 변위 모니터링에 사용하는 GNSS기술은 최대 50Hz의 샘플링레이트와 변위 계측 정밀도가 최대 수평 10mm±1ppm, 수직 20mm±1ppm이므로 적용 가능한 구조물에 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 GNSS를 이용한 구조물 거동 계측 검증을 위해서 허용 발생 변위가 최대 15cm 이상이고 이동하중을 재하 할 수 있는 소규모 실험체를 제작하였다. 계측된 GNSS 관측 데이터의 신뢰도 및 기준국, 로버 거리에 따른 측정 영향성 분석을 통해 계측 신호의 이상 유무를 분석하였다. 이후 다양한 계측 변위 조건을 위해서 이동하중 속도, 하중 크기를 변화시켜 GNSS변위와 LVDT변위를 비교하여 GNSS 변위 계측 정밀도 분석 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 실험모델의 계측 변위와 FEM해석 결과의 변위를 비교함으로써 GNSS로 계측된 변위를 이용한 해석 모델 적용에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. GNSS 변위를 검증한 결과 FEM 해석 결과와 잘 일치하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 대변위가 발생할수록 GNSS의 계측 정밀도가 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 구조물 건전도 평가를 위한 GNSS 활용을 검증하였다.