In this study, we examined the effects of gamma irradiation dosage on the mycelial growth of Auricularia auriculajudae and performed analyses of fruiting body yield, growth characteristics, taste, fragrance, and mineral composition. Assessments of mycelial growth in response to gamma irradiation at different intensities revealed an enhancement in the growth of fungi exposed to irradiation at 200 Gy. Fruiting body yield was also highest at 200 Gy, followed by 800 Gy and the control group. On the basis of these observations, we subsequently applied gamma ray doses of 200 and 800 Gy to examine the effects of irradiation on fungal quality characteristics. In terms of the taste of fruiting bodies, we detected no significant differences among the control, 200 Gy, and 800 Gy groups. Contrastingly, with respect to fragrance, we found that fungi treated with 200 Gy were characterized by a pattern that differed from those of the control and other treatment groups. Furthermore, whereas we detected no significant difference among treatments with respect total dietary fiber content, calcium content was found to be higher in the treatment groups compared with the control group, with the highest content being measured in fungi exposed to 800 Gy irradiation. Copper content was confirmed to be higher in the control group, whereas there were no significant differences between the fungi irradiated with 200 and 800 Gy. Contrastingly, the highest levels of zinc were detected in response to 200 Gy irradiation, followed by 800 Gy. Collectively, our findings thus indicate that gamma irradiation can contribute to promoting increases in the fruiting body yield and mineral contents of mushrooms.

The radiolytic decomposition of oxalic acid was investigated using gamma irradiation for decontamination of nuclear power systems. The study used high-purity analytical grade chemicals, with initial concentrations of oxalic acid prepared at 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM, and the initial pH was adjusted to 2-3 at each test condition. Gamma irradiation was performed using a high-level Co-60 source, and absorbed doses were 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 kGy. The results showed that the efficiency of gamma irradiation decreased with longer gamma exposure time, and the G-value increased with the initial concentration of oxalic acid. Interestingly, the G-value decreased with accumulated radiation dose, but the removal increased. The dose constant ranged from 0.1695 to 0.0536 kGy-1 at different initial concentrations, and the G-value was inversely proportional to the dose constant. The study concluded that oxalic acid was successfully degraded by gamma irradiation, and 92% removal was obtained at the initial concentration of 10 mM. The mineralization of oxalic acid at higher concentrations was more difficult due to the great number of generated intermediates.

분화국화 ‘솔라에그(등록번호 8569)’는 2015년 경상남도농 업기술원 화훼연구소에서 분홍색 ‘포인트에그’를 감마선 처리 를 하여 육성하였다. 특성검정과 형질 안정성은 2017년에서 2018년까지 3회를 수행하였다. ‘솔라에그’는 분홍색 꽃잎(54D) 과 적자색 중심부(59B)를 가진 ‘아네모네’ 형태이다. 꽃과 잎 색깔과 모양에서는 ‘솔라에그’와 ‘포인트에그’ 간의 차이는 거 의 없었다. ‘솔라에그’의 식물체와 개화 연구에서 조명과 억제 재배를 했을 때 약 42일로 개화소요시간은 비슷했다. 그러나 초장, 꽃 크기, 꽃 중심부 크기와 착화수에서 ‘포인트에그’와 비교했을 때 차이가 있었다. 특히, 자연재배조건에서 꽃 크기 는 4cm으로 대조품종과 비교했을 때 컸다. 국화 품종에서는 꽃의 크기가 상업적으로 중요한 형질이다. ‘솔라에그’의 표현 형과 개화기 연구와 비교하여 배수성, RAPD, 세포 크기 및 수 분석을 하였다. 이들 결과에서는 표현형의 변화는 작은 유전 적 변이와 세포 분열 증가와 관련이 있을 것이라고 추정하고 있다. 중형 크기의 ‘솔라에그’는 분화국화로 이용되며 농가의 평균소득 증대를 기대할 수 있다.

본 연구는 감마선 및 전자선 조사에 의한 닭고기 원료 사료 내에 존재하는 주요 위해 미생물을 비열처리 살균 효과를 검증하기 위하여 진행되었다. 일반세균, E. coli 및 Salmonella의 위해 미생물을 분쇄 닭고기 원료사료에 접종 후 3, 5, 7, 10 kGy의 전자선과 감마선으로 조사하였다. 전자선과 감마선 모두 3 kGy의 조사 시 시험된 미생물을 검출 한계 이하로 사멸시켜 분쇄 육류 원료 사료의 경우 3 kGy의 흡수선량이 충분한 비열 살균 조건임을 보여주었다. 방사선 조사에 의한 원료 사료의 품질 지표 변화를 알아보기 위하여 분쇄 닭고기의 조사 처리 후 pH 변화, 색도 측정, 전자코 이취 분석을 수행하였다. pH와 색도의 경우 감마선 및 전자선 조사에 의해 유의미하게 변화하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 전자코 이취 시험의 경우 감마선 조사의 경우 3 kGy의 저선량 조사부터 이취가 발생되기 시작하였으며 10 kGy 조사 시 급격하게 이취의 정도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 전자선 조사 역시 3 kGy의 조사부터 이취가 발생하였으며 5 kGy의 선량 이후 흡수선량이 증가함에 따라 이취가 점진적으로 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과 3 kGy의 저선량에서도 닭고기를 원료로한 펫푸드의 비열 살균 효과를 충분하게 이루어짐을 확인하였고 품질 지표에도 부정적인 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 비열처리 펫푸드의 살균 기술 개발은 국내 펫푸드 시장의 활성화와 반려 동물의 복지 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 생산자와 시장의 기호성이 우수한 스프레이 장미 품종 ‘Haesal’의 유용한 화색변이 품종을 단기간에 육성하기 위해 삽수와 발근삽목묘에 각각 감마선을 처리한 후 변이 발생 양상과 주요 화색변이의 생육특성을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 감마선 처리 시료 형태에 상관없이 선량이 높아질수록 식물체 치사율은 높아졌고 신초의 발생량과 신초 생장량이 감소하였다. 50% 치사선량(LD50, Lethal dose 50)은 삽수는 70Gy부터, 발근삽목묘는 90Gy부터였고 변이 발생률은 삽수와 발근삽목묘에서 각각 2.6%, 3.1% 였으며, 변이형태는 양쪽 모두 완전변이체, 키메라, 그리고 꽃 형태변이였다. 감마선을 처리한 삽수로부터 ‘Haesal’과 거의 유사한 특성을 가진 화색변이 MUL-1과 MUL-2를 각각 70Gy와 50Gy 선량에서 유기하였고 특성을 조사한 결과 꽃 직경과 꽃잎수, 절화수량은 ‘Haesal’에 비해 조금 적었지만 화형과 잎의 특성, 절화장 등은 ‘Haesal’과 차이가 없었다.

Gamma irradiation has been used in several ornamental plant species to obtain the desired genetic variability. Commercially, ornamental plants with a rich variety of flower colors and uniform shapes are prized and in high demand. Irradiation technology is widely utilized to generate a high number of mutations, which helps introduce new, improved variants in comparison to the control plant. The main purpose is to promote well-adjusted species by customizing some specific features to expand on the desired parameter. Exposure to an optimum dose of gamma irradiation is crucial to ensure the most beneficial mutation density. The effects of dose rates are species-dependent, thereby affecting the probability of inducing favorable attributes, such that they are either not clearly exhibited or are disoriented during the gradual physical development of the plants. To obtain high-quality species within a very limited period, gamma irradiation may present an alternative method to selective screening with its combined application of molecular-based analysis to contribute to mutational changes in plant physiology. Here we review current literature that focuses on the effect of appropriate doses of gamma irradiation and the morphological, functional, and molecular objectives of such irradiation in ornamental plants.

최근 메틸브로마이드를 이용한 훈증소독 검역처리 기술의 오존층파괴 문제로 인하여 사용이 감소함에 따라 이온화 방사선 조사 기술이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 수출용 새송이 버섯에 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 및 3kGy의 감마선 조사 후 저장기간(0, 7, 14, 21, 및 28일) 동안 버섯의 품질에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 새송이 버섯의 경도 변화를 측정한 결과, 비조사구의 경우 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 급격히 감소한 반면 감마선 조사에 의하여 경도의 감소폭이 유의적으로 줄어들었다. 색도 변화 역시 감마선 조사에 의하여 저장기간 중 발생하는 새송이 버섯의 갈변이 저해되는 것을 확인하였다. 하지만 수분함량, 수분활성도, 및 중량손실율의 경우 저장기간에 따른 조사구와 비조사구간에 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 3 kGy 이하의 감마선 조사를 통하여 새송이 버섯의 저장 품질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) pests, including the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, are economically important in agriculture. With the annual growth of the domestic fresh fruit export market, various quarantine treatment methods are being used to export strawberries of better quality. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of gamma rays on the development and reproductive sterility of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. In both species, the eggs were completely inhibited from hatching at 50 Gy, and the emergence of 3rd instar nymphs was completely suppressed at 150 Gy. Some adult B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum spawning occurred at 100 Gy and 70 Gy, respectively; however, at these irradiation levels, F1 hatchability was completely inhibited. Dosimetry results showed that the penetrating power of gamma ray in the strawberry-filled box was the lowest at the mid-box position. Therefore, B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum were placed in the middle of the strawberry-filled box and irradiated. A gamma-ray irradiation of 100 Gy suppressed the development and reproduction of eggs and adults in both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. However, the development of 3rd instar nymphs was inhibited at 300 Gy for B. tabaci and 200 Gy for T. vaporariorum. Our data suggest that at least 300 Gy should be used for the control of these two types of whitefly for strawberry export.

Azuki bean beetle (ABB), Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) is a field-to-storage pest of legumes and its female produces sex pheromone with two isomeric components, 2Z-homofarnesal and 2E-homofarnesal. Two day old virgin adults were exposed to 0, 200, 300, 400, 500 & 600 Gy gamma radiation and effect on longevity, fecundity, sterility and pheromone production were studied. Longevity (female; P < 0.001, male; P < 0.001) and fecundity (P < 0.001) were dose-dependently affected by the gamma irradiation. Both adults were totally sterilized by the tested doses of gamma irradiation as depicted by the null hatchability of laid eggs. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for solid phase micro extraction revealed that both of the pheromone components were significantly but not completely reduced by 300 Gy. It is a pre-requisite for a successful sterile insect technology that the sterility of ABB is induced without the total disruption of calling behavior.

Crosslinked ion exchange resin composite membranes were prepared by casting sulfonated polystyrene(SPS) solution with suspended ion exchange resin(crosslinked SPS) and crosslinker (trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TMPETA)) follow by gamma-ray irradiation. The physicochemical properties of the composite membranes were evaluated by measuring gel-fraction, ion exchange capacity, water-uptake and dimensional stability. We confirmed that the introduction of ion exchange resin and radiation crosslinking in the membranes improved the water uptake, dimensional stability and permselectivity.

방사선 동위원소 코발트(60Co)를 유기원으로 한 100Gy의 감마선을 2008년 5월과 9월 두 번에 걸쳐 ‘Clara’ 품종의 캘러스묘에 24시간 처리하였다. 1차에 감마선을 처리하여 유기된 돌연변이 중 착색엽이 분홍색인 변이지를선발하였다. 2010년까지 포인세티아의 특성을 3차에 걸쳐 검정 한 후 ‘Clara Pink’로 명명하였다. 2차로 감마선을 처리한 캘러스묘에서는 2011년까지 세대를 진전시키면서 형질의 안정성 검토 후 착색엽이 연황색인 변이주를 선발하여 계통화하였다. 2012년부터 2013년까지 3차에 걸쳐 특성 검정하였으며, ‘Clara White’로 명명하였다.‘Clara Pink’와 ‘Clara White’는 ‘Clara’와 같은 소형으로적심하지 않은 상태에서 분지가 많이 발생하였다. 두 품종 모두 착색엽이 결각이 없는 난형으로 엽맥 사이에약한 주름이 있으며, 단일처리 약 9주 후 완전히 착색되었다. 그러나 ‘Clara’의 착색엽은 적색인 반면 ‘ClaraPink’는 분홍색이며, ‘Clara White’는 연황색이다.

Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, native to eastern and southeastern Asia, has become one of the most harmful pests causing serious damage to fruits such as blueberry, cherry, and others in Northern America and Europe. For quarantine sanitary purpose, methyl bromide (MeBr) has been used for a long time. However, it is under regulation because of its adverse effect of ozone layer depletion. Thus, alternative strategies to MeBr are needed to meet the quarantine requirement. In this study, we investigated effects of gamma ray irradiation (0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 Gy) on the development and reproduction of D. suzukii to offer a guideline in using gamma ray for dis-infestation of this pest. The higher doses of gamma ray caused more adverse effects on development and hatchability of D. suzukii. Development and oviposition of D. suzukii was significantly depressed at above certain doses, respective to each developmental stage. When eggs were treated with the doses of gamma ray, eggs hatched in some ratios at all doses. Even though some larvae developed to pupae under 100 Gy irradiation, all these pupae did not emerge to adults at all doses. When larvae were treated with gamma ray, some of them pupated at each doses. However these pupae did not emerge to adults at all under all doses. When pupae were irradiated, the emerged adults did not oviposit eggs above 100 Gy. When adults were irradiated, oviposition occurred normally, but fecundity and hatchability of the eggs were reciprocal to the doses.

An evidence suggests that even low-dose irradiation can lead to progressive cognitive decline as well as memory deficits in both humans and experimental animals in part due to hippocampal dysfunction. To determine whether or not green tea (GT) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could attenuate memory impairment as well as suppress hippocampal neurogenesis, passive avoidance and object recognition memory test as well as TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical detection with markers of neurogenesis (Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX)) were performed using adult mice treated with relatively low-dose gamma irradiation (2.0 Gy). GT was administered intraperitonially at a dosage of 50 mg/kg of body weight at 36 and 12 hr pre-irradiation and at 30 minutes post-irradiation, or orally at a dosage of 250 mg/kg of body weight/day for 7 days before autopsy. EGCG (25 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intraperitonially at 36 and 12 hr pre-irradiation and at 30 minutes post-irradiation. In the passive avoidance and object recognition memory test, mice trained for 1 day after acute irradiation (2 Gy) showed significant memory deficits compared with sham controls. The number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus increased by 12 h after irradiation. In addition, the numbers of Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells significantly decreased. GT treatment prior to irradiation attenuated memory defects, blocked apoptotic death, as well as reduced the number of DCX-positive cells. Therefore, GT may attenuate memory defects in adult mice exposed to a relatively low dose of radiation possibly by inhibiting the detrimental effects of irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis.