OBIGGS에서는 대기 중의 미량의 오존이 고분자 분리막의 손상을 가져오기 때문에 전단에 오존 제거장치를 설치하여 분리막에 전해지는 기체에서 오존의 농도를 감소시켜 분리막의 손상을 막고 있다. 본 연구에서는 OBIGGS용 기체 분리막을 이용하여 오존 노출시간에 따른 인장강도와 기체투과특성을 평가하여 오존 노출환경과 투과특성의 관계를 확인하였다. 폴리이미드계와 폴리설폰계 두 종류의 중공사 분리막을 이용하였고, 6.37 cm2의 유효 막 면적을 가지는 중공사 모듈을 제조하여 사용하였다. 오존 챔버를 이용하여 오존의 농도를 2-3 ppm으로 유지하였으며, 챔버 내의 기체를 펌프를 이용하여 모듈내로 지속적으로 공급하였으며, 오존 노출시간에 따라서 기체투과특성과 인장강도를 각각 평가하였다. 그 결과 폴리이미드계 중공사 분리막은 투과도에서 20%의 감소만 나타났을 뿐, 선택도와 인장강도에서 다른 큰 변화를 나타내지 않고 균일하게 유지되는 것을 확인하였다. 하지만 폴리설폰계 중공사 분리막을 사용하였을 때는 투과도가 80% 이상 감소하였고, 인장강도는 70% 이상 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다.

해상에서는 UN산하 IMO(International Maritime Organization, 국제해사기구)는 선박에서 배출하는 CO₂량을 2030년까지 30 %까지 줄이는 것을 목표로 설정하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 상황에 대응하고 친환경기술의 개발을 목표로 선박용 내연기관에서의 폐열을 이용하는 열전발전시스템 개발에 최종목표를 두고, 본 논문에서는 선박용 열전발전시스템 개발에 앞서 기초 열해석을 실시하고 분석하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 열전발전시스템의 효율향상에 관한 유효한 방법을 얻어 낼 수 있었다. 1) 고온측 열원과 모듈간 온도차를 줄여 모듈의 온도차를 늘리는 것으로 열전발전시스템의 효율이 8.917 %로 향상되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2) 외부부하저항의 변화에 따른 시스템 효율은 약 6 %로 그 변화폭이 크게 발생하지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 3) 동일 계산 조건에서 방형관의 재질이 스테인레스인 경우의 시스템 효율이 8.707 %로 두랄루민(8.605 %), 동(8.607 %)보다 높을 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

중·저준위 방사성폐기물의 처분/폐쇄 이후 기체 발생특성을 실질적으로 평가하고, 이를 이용하여 발생기체의 종합관리방안을 수립하기 위해서는 실제 처분환경 및 특성을 고려한 장기간의 실증실험이 반드시 필요하다. 이와 관련하여, 국내에서는 월성원자력환경관리센터의 1단계 10만 드럼 처분에 대한 건설 및 운영허가 후속조치의 일환으로 현장부지에 기체발생 실증실험시설이 설치/운영될 예정이다. 이에 대한 기초자료를 확보하기 위해, 세계 각국에서 다양한 방법으로 수행된 기체 발생 관련실험에 대한 제반사항을 면밀히 검토하였다. 그 결과 우리나라와 처분방식이 동일하며, 실제 폐기물 포장드럼 및 기본 처분단위를 이용하여 대규모로 수행된 핀란드의 기체 발생 실험자료를 국내 실증실험에 대한 유용한 벤치마크로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study is focused on the channel design of bipolar plate in the electrode of hydrogen gas generator. The characteristics of hydrogen gas generation was studied in view of efficiency of hydrogen gas generation rate and a tendency of gas flow through the riv design of electrode. Since the flow rate of generated gas is the most crucial in determining the efficiency of hydrogen gas generator, we adopted the commercial analytical program of COMSOL MultiphysicsTM to calculate the theoretical flow rate of hydrogen gas from the outlet of gas generator.

This study is focused on the modeling of two phase fluid flow system in the electrode of hydrogen gas generator. The characteristics of hydrogen gas generation was studied in view of efficiency of hydrogen gas generation rate and a tendency of gas flow through the riv of electrode. Since the flow rate of generated gas is the most crucial in determining the efficiency of hydrogen gas generator, we adopted the commercial analytical program of COMSOL MultiphysicsTM to calculate the theoretical flow rate of hydrogen gas from the outlet of gas generator.

Many chemically active species such as ·H, ·OH, O3, H2O2, hydrated e-, as well as ultraviolet rays, are produced by Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma in water and are widely use to remove non-biodegradable materials and deactivate microorganisms. As the plasma gas containing chemically active species that is generated from the plasma reaction has a short lifetime and low solubility in water, increasing the dissolution rate of this gas is an important challenge. To this end, the plasma gas and water within reactor were mixed using the air-automizing nozzle, and then, water-gas mixture was injected into water. The dissolving effect of plasma gas was indirectly confirmed by measuring the RNO (N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline, indicator of the formation of OH radical) solution. The plasma system consisted of an oxygen generator, a high-voltage power supply, a plasma generator and a liquid-gas mixing reactor. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of location of air-automizing nozzle, flow rate of plasma gas, water circulation rate, and high-voltage on RNO degradation. The experimental results showed that the RNO removal efficiency of the air-automizing nozzle is 29.8% higher than the conventional diffuser. The nozzle position from water surface was not considered to be a major factor in the design and operation of the plasma reactor. The plasma gas flow rate and water circulation rate with the highest RNO removal rate were 3.5 L/min and 1.5 L/min, respectively. The ratio of the plasma gas flow rate to the water circulation rate for obtaining an RNO removal rate of over 95% was 1.67 ~ 4.00.

A comprehensive water budget analysis considering the water consumed for landfill gas formation was performed for Sudokwon Landfill Site 2 (LS2) from October 2000 through December 2016. The weighted average mole ratios of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) of the total disposed waste were 30.4%, 48.8%, and 20.8% respectively. The total emitted H and O as CO2 and CH4 from landfill gas was 2,812×103 Mg, of which 28.6% (803×103 Mg) was supplied from water. The total emitted water quantity consisted of landfill gas at 8.4%, leachate at 90.2%, and vapor in landfill gas at 1.4%. The total supplied water quantity to LS2 was 22.0×106 Mg, and the quantity supplied from water included in disposed waste was 62.9%. Considering the supplied and emitted water quantity, the retained quantity in LS2 was estimated to be 12×106 Mg, and the emitted and retained quantities were 43.3% and 56.7%, respectively. Considering the retained quantity, the water content in LS2 was estimated to be 26.0%, far below the optimum level for landfill site stabilization.

To achieve energy efficiency improvement is used to lower temperature for emission gas at catalyst inlet, or to reduce/stop using steam to reheat emission gas. Saved energy from this process can be used as power source in order to increase generation efficiency. Dry emission gas treatment, on the other hand, is the technology to increase generation efficiency by using highly efficient desalination materials including highly-responsive slaked lime and sodium type chemicals in order to comply with air pollution standards and reduce used steam volume for reheating emission gas. If dry emission gas is available, reheating is possible only with the temperature of 45℃ in order to expect generation efficiency by reducing steam volume for reheating. Retention energy of emission gas from combustion is calculated by emission gas multiplied by specific heat and temperature. In order to obtain more heat recovery from combustion emission gas, it is necessary to reduce not only exothermic loss from boiler facilities but emission calorie of emission gas coming out of boiler facilities. In order to reduce emission calorie of emission gas, it is efficient to realize temperature lowering for the emission gas temperature from the exit of heat recovery facility and reduce emission gas volume. When applying low temperature catalysts, the energy saving features from 0.03% to 2.52% (average 1.28%). When increasing the excess air ratio to 2.0, generation efficiency decreases by 0.41%. When the inlet temperature of the catalyst bed was changed from 210℃ to 180℃, greenhouse gas reduction results were 47.4, 94.8, 118.5, 142.2 thousand tons-CO2/y, CH4 was calculated to be 550.0, 1100.1, 1375.1, 1650.1 kg-CH4/y, and N2O was 275.0, 550.0, 687.6, 825.1 kg-N2O/y. In the case of high efficiency dry flue gas treatment, reduction of greenhouse gases by the change of temperature 120~160℃ and exhaust gas 5,000 ~ 6,500 ㎥/ton is possible with a minimum of 355,461 ton/y of CO2 and minimum 4,125 tons of CH4/y to a maximum of 6,325 ton/y and N2O to a minimum of 2,045 kg/y to a maximum of 3,135 kg/y.

WtE of MSW plays a crucial role in renewable energy production in Korea. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an important energy resource for combined heat and power (CHP) production. This study investigated an increasing method to the power generation efficiency by MSW to energy (WtE) plants in South Korea and discussed the issues related to energy efficiency improvement. To achieve energy efficiency improvement is used to lower temperature for emission gas at catalyst inlet, or to reduce/stop using steam to reheat emission gas. Saved energy from this process can be used as power source in order to increase generation efficiency. It is possible to increase denitrification efficiency by maintaining the temperature of emission gas for catalyst denitrification. The temperature of emission gas of which moisture is increased to saturation point (relative humidity of 100%) at the exit of wet scrubber is between 50 and 60℃. This means there should be reheating of emission gas with the approximate temperature of 150℃. Dry emission gas treatment, on the other hand, is the technology to increase generation efficiency by using highly efficient desalination materials including highly-responsive slaked lime and sodium type chemicals in order to comply with air pollution standards and reduce used steam volume for reheating emission gas. If dry emission gas is available, reheating is possible only with the temperature of 45℃ in order to expect generation efficiency by reducing steam volume for reheating.

Taking sample processes from the combined heat and power plant in Busan Fashion Color Industry Complex, the characteristics and amounts of greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions were analysed and calculated, respectively. Based on the results, environmental assessment was evaluated for recent 3 years. The amounts of GHG emissions from 2011 to 2013 were estimated at 182,750, 184,384 and 190,250 Ton.CO2eq/year, respectively. GHG emissions from stationary combustion sources were found to be more than 99 % of the total emissions. Also, the overall eco-efficiency indicator for environmental assessment was more than 1, suggesting that these results would be beneficial for GHG emissions allowance allocations.

Stabilization of landfill gas (LFG) generation is recognized as the critical indicator to evaluate the future possibility of environmental impact from the waste landfill. In comparison with leachate quality, the amount of LFG generation is considered more difficult to integrate the sequential monitoring results. Spatially and temporal high variation of the LFG generation and the emission would be influenced by the micrometeorological condition. One of the helpful information to predict the behavior of LFG generation is to estimate the remaining of LFG source in the waste. Biological degradation should decrease the amount of component that should be transformed LFG in the waste. Hence, the LFG generation potential of waste in landfill must be gradually decreased as time goes on. In order to support the assessment of the landfill stability from the viewpoint of LFG, the estimation of the potential of LFG generation of the landfilled waste has been investigated at the landfills that was received the waste incineration ash, slag, C&D inert residue, dredged soil, and so on. The LFG emission behavior has been predicted by using the remaining LFG potential, and it was validated by the investigation of surface LFG emission. Degraded organics by anaerobic incubation had been calculated by Buswell's theoretical equation (Bockreis, et al. 2007). Objected samples that were excavated from 10-15 years old waste layer have shown the little potential of LFG generation (Table 1). A highest content of gasified organics was observed for 2.0m depth of C10 though it was less than 1% of the total weight of sample (dry weight). It would be strongly attributed to intensive pretreatment of waste before the landfilling. Since the landfill operator required the strict quality control for the waste to be disposed of, the content of organics in the waste should be enough low at the initial phase of landfill management. In addition, the effort of the landfill management to promote the biodegradation, such as the lowering of the water level in landfill layer, or ventilation of LFG, had contributed to reduce the biodegradable organics. Fig.1 shows the prediction of methane emission from the landfill. It also exhibited results of investigation of surface LFG emission. The prediction of landfill methane emission was developed by using the parameter that was obtained from excavated waste.

Needs for more accurate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission estimation are increasing to prepare for post-Kyoto protocol and emission trading starting from 2015 in Korea. Although GHG emission from landfill is relatively low, uncertainty of methane emissions from landfill is very high compared to the other sectors. Moreover, accurate estimation is needed to design landfill gas collection system and energy generation plant. In this paper, we investigated development methodologies of parameters comprising methane generation potential (L0) which is one of key parameters in methane emission estimation models. DOC included four steps including analysis of waste component, water content, organic carbon content, fossil carbon content. Instead of analysis of organic carbon content and fossil carbon content, biochemical analysis, measuring content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is used in MELMod, landfill gas generation model in UK. Methodologies to develop DOCF has several methods including batch test, lysimeter test and test cell. They had difference in scale and similarity to landfill, but it is hard to consider the best method at the present stage. Preceding research on MCF is little. Lysimeter test and test cell can be the candidate to develop MCF, because of flexibility on test condition to characterize the structure of landfill sites. F is defined as fraction of methane in landfill gas. But by carbon flow and mass balance, F should represent fraction of methane in biogas generated by anaerobic decomposition. In this definition, F can be derived by same methods to that of DOCF.