This study was conducted to analyze odor regulation policies of major countries and explore development directions for Korea’s odor management system through international comparison. Korea has achieved significant progress in odor management over the past 20 years since the enactment of the Odor Prevention Act in 2004, including the establishment of real-time monitoring systems, integrated complaint management systems, and scientific management infrastructure in major odor management areas such as Sihwa-Banwol Industrial Complex and metropolitan landfills in Incheon and Daejeon. To identify potential development directions, a literature review and comparative analysis were conducted on four regions: the United States, the European Union, Japan, and Singapore. The analysis revealed that each region has developed unique approaches: Japan’s Odor Judge system (involving 3,352 active professionals) for measurement standardization; the United States’s citizen science-based monitoring systems, such as the Odor Explore project that utilizes community participation; the EU’s preventive management policies through the application of Best Available Techniques (BAT) and land use planning integration; and Singapore’s systematic management approach through its myENV app and urban planning integration. Based on Korea’s existing achievements and international experiences, this study identified eight development areas, including measurement system standardization, management scope expansion, integrated management system enhancement, real-time monitoring implementation, technology development investment, complaint resolution mechanism improvement, preventive management system enhancement, and information transparency enhancement. This study proposes development directions that build upon Korea’s current infrastructure and policy achievements, considering the country’s unique socio-economic conditions and environmental characteristics. These directions are expected to contribute to the continuous advancement of Korea’s odor management system while leveraging existing strengths and addressing future challenges.

This study analyzed the structural performance of a microalgae-based lightweight ecological integration system for large-span structures to achieve carbon neutrality. To address the load problems of existing soil-based ecological systems, a lightweight system utilizing microalgae bioreactors was proposed, and structural performance was evaluated for four types of large-span structures: truss, arch, dome, and cable structures. Structural analysis results through finite element analysis showed that the proposed system achieved a 70% load reduction effect compared to existing systems, with structural performance improvements including 35-40% reduction in maximum deflection, 30-35% reduction in maximum stress, and 25-30% increase in natural frequency. Environmental performance analysis confirmed CO₂absorption capacity of 12-18 kg per m² annually and PM2.5 reduction effects of 15-25%. Economic analysis results indicated that benefits of 3.95-6.7 million KRW per year are generated for a 1,000 m²reference area, creating cumulative benefits of 179.75-227.5 million KRW over 25 years. Verification through the German BIQ House case confirmed CO₂reduction performance of 6 tons per year for 200 m², demonstrating the practical applicability of the system. This study presented the potential of an innovative ecological integration system that can ensure structural safety of large-span structures while simultaneously contributing to carbon neutrality.

Since ships are exposed to noise and vibration for a long time in seas isolated from land, the stress of workers is high, requiring studies on the improvement of the problem. In addition, the health of crew members on fishing vessels, unlike commercial ships, carrying out fishing activities is closely related to fishing performance. However, considering that most of IMO's guidelines apply to merchant ships, provisions should be made for vibration in accommodation areas of fishing vessels. Accordingly, this study, applying the revised ISO 20283-5:2016 standard and through experiment, investigated the vibration characteristics of the accommodation area for each operating conditions of a 1000-ton trawler fishing vessel. Within the scope of the study and the full-ahead mode, the vibration was highest in the engine control room (4.17mm/s) while the acceptable standard was satisfied sufficiently in all conditions. Application of the merchant vessel vibration standard to fishing vessel is expected to improve the working environment of fishing vessel crew members.

Recently, the International Maritime Organization is strengthening regulations for ships operating in polar regions. Hence, insulated multi-core tubes as components for vessels operating in extreme cold need to be investigated in various aspects. Furthermore, the demand for research on electric propulsion vessels is also increasingly growing. Thus, to utilize a 4-core insulated multi-core tube with glass wool as insulation, which was previously developed for ships operating in polar regions, as a water-cooled electrical cable, this study conducted an experiment on the temperature change when water at normal temperature 25℃ was supplied as a coolant under the overcurrent varied from 10A to 25A. As a result, the temperature increase of the core in 10A condition was 3.3℃, but it increased to 13.05℃ in the 25A condition. This showed that a temperature difference of approximately 9.75℃ occurred according to the overcurrent load. However, the coolant inlet and outlet temperatures were relatively uniform around 1℃ in all conditions. This suggests that increasing the residence time by proper control of the coolant flow in the future could achieve a higher cooling effect.

This study aims to investigate the food preservation methods adopted by the Joseon Dynasty, which existed before the 17th century. A total of 232 food preservation methods were discovered in 25 books, and could be classified by their targeted food types: vegetables (84), sea foods (60), meats (41), fruits (37), and others (10). Depending on the preservation method applied, they are classified as food drying, soaking, mud cellar preservation, and other preservation. Food drying is further classified into 8 sub-types: drying, sun-drying, shadow-drying, wind-drying, dry heat, combined drying, smoking, and others. Soaking could be sub-divided into using salt, ash, dry sand, bran, fermented paste, wet distillers grains, oil, and others. Mud cellar preservation is sub-classified into installing shelf inside the mud cellar, making the mud cellar for food preservation, and making hole or underground tunnel for food preservation. Other food preservation methods include minimizing moisture loss by applying beeswax on a section of the vegetable stem, and cutting the vegetables or fruits with their branches and leaves for food preservation.

The purpose of this study was to review literature on beef recipes, focusing on 20 recipe books published from the late 1800s to 1990s. A total of 119 beef dry-heat cooking were recorded. The most often used cooking were as follows: roasting 54 times, skewering 35 times, stir-frying18 times, pan-frying11 times and deep frying 1 time. The culinary book that the recipes was Hangukeumsik daegwan (1997). ribs, brisket, rump, bottom sirloin, sirloin and tenderloin were used but all beef cuts were marked as ‘beef.’ Thus, it impossible to figure out which beef cut was used in the recipe. Chili, green onion, egg, tofu and wheat flour were used together as, while soy sauce, salt, sugar, sesame oil, ground pepper, pear juice, honey, chopped green onion, chopped garlic, ginger juice, ground sesame used as. In addition, pine nuts or ground pine-nuts were often used for garnish.

본 연구는 시판 김치에 대한 소비자 인식을 통해 재료의 비율을 최적화하여 최적의 김치양념장을 개발하기 위한 연구이다. 189명의 20대이상 여성을 대상으로 조사를 실시하여 김치양념 재료 중 액젓, 젓갈, 물의 비율을 반응최적화 도구을 통해 최적 김치양념장 레시피를 선정하였다. 조사 대상 중 30대가 41.3%로 가장 많았고, 직업은 주부, 기타 직업, 학생순으로 조사되었다. 시판되는 김치를 구매하고 싶은 이유로 가정에서 김치를 만들기 번거로운 면과 경제 적인 면을 많이 꼽았으며, 나이가 어릴수록 김치를 만드는 방법을 모르기 때문이라는 답변이 많았다. 또한 가족 구성원 수가 적을수록 김치를 적게 먹어서 시판김치를 구매하는 경향이 있었다. 시판김치를 구매하지 않고 싶은 이유로 재료에 대한 믿음과 비싼 가격에 대한 이유가 높게 나타났고, 수입이 많을수록 인공조미료 사용 때문에 시판김치를 구매하지 않는다는 의견이 많았다. 김치에 대한 선호 맛은 감칠맛, 매운맛, 젓갈맛, 짠맛, 단맛 순이었으며, 나이가 어릴수록 짠맛을 선호하고, 41세 이상은 젓갈맛을 선호하는 것으로 조사되었다. 사전 조사 및 설문조사를 통해 김치 양념장제조시 조정 해야 할 재료를 멸치액젓, 물, 새우젓으로 선정하여 배합 비율을 조정하여 기호도에 대한 최적화를 잡은 결과 ‘–11.00A + 4.30B + 1.70C + 31.37AB + 33.56AC – 7.35BC’ (A: 멸치 액젓, B: 물, C: 새우젓)의 회귀식을 나타냈고, 멸치 액젓, 물, 새우젓의 최적 비율은 27.12 : 62.88 : 10.00 (w/w)이었다. 이 같은 연구 결과는 김치 양념 의 최적화를 통해 보다 좋은 맛과 품질의 김치를 개발할 데이터로 활용 가능하며, 고객 맞춤형 김치 양념장 개발에도 사용가능 할 것으로 보인다.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the quiet pavement on reducing a barrier height by using a prediction tool called SoundPLAN. METHODS: Firstly, the prediction was carried out to evaluate the difference in the maximum noise level at a building facade between the normal and the quiet pavements without a barrier. After calculating the noise reduction effect by the quiet pavement, a comparable barrier height to obtain the same noise reduction effect with it was predicted according to designable factors including road-building distance(10 m, 20 m, 40 m) and road-barrier distance(5 m, 10 m, 20 m, 30 m). RESULTS: The result showed that within the considered designable factors, the maximum barrier height was 37 m, 52 m, and 55 m to have the same noise reduction effect by the quiet pavement reducing 1 dBA, 3 dBA , and 5 dBA, respectively. It was evaluated that the barrier height increased with the increase of the road-building and road-barrier distances. To simulate the real situation in urban areas and to evaluate the combined effect of the normal/quiet pavement and barrier, the barrier height was fixed as 6 m. It was predicted that the noise level would reduce to as low as 0.2 dBA by the combination of normal pavement and barrier. On the other hand, the combination of the quiet pavement and barrier reduced 1.2 dBA, 3.2 dBA, and 5.2 dBA, respectively, for quiet pavement reducing 1 dBA, 3 dBA, and 5 dBA. CONCLUSIONS: A guideline needs to be suggested to select appropriate noise abatement schemes by considering factors such as the roadbuilding and road-barrier distances.

해상에서는 UN산하 IMO(International Maritime Organization, 국제해사기구)는 선박에서 배출하는 CO₂량을 2030년까지 30 %까지 줄이는 것을 목표로 설정하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 상황에 대응하고 친환경기술의 개발을 목표로 선박용 내연기관에서의 폐열을 이용하는 열전발전시스템 개발에 최종목표를 두고, 본 논문에서는 선박용 열전발전시스템 개발에 앞서 기초 열해석을 실시하고 분석하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 열전발전시스템의 효율향상에 관한 유효한 방법을 얻어 낼 수 있었다. 1) 고온측 열원과 모듈간 온도차를 줄여 모듈의 온도차를 늘리는 것으로 열전발전시스템의 효율이 8.917 %로 향상되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2) 외부부하저항의 변화에 따른 시스템 효율은 약 6 %로 그 변화폭이 크게 발생하지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 3) 동일 계산 조건에서 방형관의 재질이 스테인레스인 경우의 시스템 효율이 8.707 %로 두랄루민(8.605 %), 동(8.607 %)보다 높을 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

도로에 인접한 아파트 주동을 대상으로 일반 도로포장 대비 저소음 도로포장의 소음저감효과를 예측한 후, 일반 도로포장 시 이에 상응하는 소음레벨 저감을 위한 방음벽 높이를 예측하여 저소음 도로포장의 경제성 분석을 위한 기초연구를 수행하였다. 5dBA의 소음저감효과를 나타내는 저소음 도로포장 설치조 건에 대한 예측결과 최대 54m의 방음벽 높이를 저감시킬 수 있는 것으로 예측되어 도시미관 및 경제성 측면에서 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다.

In this study, we numerically analyzed flow and particle transport near the electrostatic precipitator in the tunnel according to train runs. When there was no train running, flow field was formed by a precipitator. Flow emitted from precipitator blocks the path along the tunnel, and therefore most contaminated air passes through the precipitator and can be cleaned. On the other hand, flow pattern during the train run was affected by train induced wind. A strong straight flow was generated at the front of train, and back flow was formed in the opposite line. When a train runs upward only (train start from suction section to blow section), the subway train transports contaminated particles along the tunnel. For downward train runs only case, the cleaned air reentered the contaminated section with train wind. Both train runs case showed combined flow and particle concentration pattern of both single train runs.

최근 몇 년간 에너지 위기에 대한 우려가 급격히 증가하고 있으며, 방대한 에너지소비에 따른 환경오염도 큰 문제로 대두되고 있다. 사회적으로 에너지 위기가 고조되고 있는 가운데 새로운 에너지나 신재생에너지에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 하나의 해결책으로 양어장 등에서 사용되는 폭기장치를 구동하기 위한 에너지를 자연으로부터 얻을 수 있는 가능성을 타진해 본 연구이다. 연구의 목적은 풍력에너지를 이용한 폭기장치의 개발에 있으며, 다양한 풍속 및 수풍면적에 대한 풍력폭기장치의 가능성을 살펴보고 있다. 또한, 최대의 효율을 얻을 수 있는 풍력펌프의 각도에 대한 토출구의 높이를 유도하여 유사한 장치의 설계에 있어 도움을 줄 수 있는 데이터를 제공하고 있다.