This study quantitatively analyzes the inter-sectoral linkages of emerging security based on the network of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in North Korea's Voluntary National Review Report (VNR) using Social Network Analysis (SNA). As a result of the analysis, North Korea's overall linkage score for each emerging security sector was high in the following order: health security (7.8), environmental security (5.9), food security (5.4), and energy security (4.0). This refers to the degree of interconnectivity with other security sectors. The ranking of security with high connectivity by the emerging security sector is as follows. Food security was in the order of environment > health > energy security, health security was in the order of environment > food security, energy security was in the order of health > environment > food security, and environmental security was highly connected in the order of health > energy > food security. This quantitative analysis indicates the importance of emerging security sectors and the need for mutual linkage in North Korea's SDGs implementation strategy. This will help set priorities for future cooperation in emerging security areas between North and South Korea and seeking organic linkage plans for each security sector.

In recent business activities, well-being-based management approaches have become increasingly important. Consideration of consumer well-being is one of them. In particular, social demand and interest in health are incredibly high, and the health-related services market has significantly expanded. However, since the WHO's definition of health was established, the concept of health has become multi-dimensional. There is much overlap with other concepts, such as well-being and quality of life. As a result, even for health-related services that are supposed to contribute to consumers' health, the critical term "health" is still used ambiguously by both service providers and consumers. It could increase the uncertainty of the benefits of the services and cause difficulties in the continued use of services for consumers.

In the current era of sustainable development, economic, social, and environmental changes are interrelated, and social inclusion and environmental sustainability are our shared goals. In response, social and environmental values have become important considerations for the success of an enterprise, placing an increased emphasis on the interests of all stakeholders. This trend in the governance of enterprise fueled the emergence of a new organizational form: the certified B Corporation (B Corp), a social enterprise certified by B Lab as an enterprise that creates value for non-shareholding stakeholders, including employees, customers, the local community, and the environment. With their positive social and environmental impacts, B Corps have become increasingly recognized as instrumental in the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and literature on B Corps has increased. However, empirical research on the role of B Corps is still lacking.

The tourism industry specifically experienced distinct failing revenues and was an economic sector among those most rigorously influenced by the pandemic. In the gradual recovery period after the pandemic, the technology implementation in travel has been a great achievement for travel companies. This study is based on a systematic literature review to examine the ability of Virtual Reality (VR) and Geographic information systems (GIS) to serve as a facilitator of sustainable tourism development goals. The potential impact of VR and GIS within tourism will bolster the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and will be conceptualized. The use of these technologies in connection to the SDGs can associate with SDG No. 8, SDG No.9, SDG No.11, and SDG No. 13, which are related to "decent work and economic growth", "industry, innovation, and infrastructure", "sustainable cities and communities", and "climate action."

For the smooth implementation and success of smart city projects, it is necessary to recognize that there is a difference in the perception of value judgments or strategic goals among major stakeholders in the planning process. And it is necessary to aim the values and goals of smart cities through reconciliation of these differences. The two major stakeholders in the smart city development project are citizens group and government officials group. Government officials are in charge of establishing and implementing policies for smart city projects, and their value judgments and perceptions influence the policy direction. In these respects, government officials can be an important stakeholder group. Citizens are a group that includes ordinary residents and business owners who live in smart cities and are the ultimate users of infrastructure and facilities. This study investigated the importance perceptions of citizens and government officials, who are the major stakeholders, about the core values and strategic goals that the smart city project aims. Responses were collected using a structured questionnaire to which the AHP methodology was applied. And the priority of perceptions for constituent items was compared for each stakeholder group. Through the comparative analysis results, it was empirically confirmed that there is a difference in the values and goals pursued by the smart city project between stakeholder groups. As an empirical study on the stakeholders of the smart city project, this study is meaningful in contributing to the theoretical development in that it suggests that the conceptual structural model of the smart city strategy system presented in previous studies can be applied in practice.

본 논문은 몽골 제8대 후렐수흐 대통령의 취임사를 통해 첫째, 취임사 에 나타난 대내외적 환경적 요인에 대한 인식은 무엇인지? 둘째, 취임사 에 나타난 주요한 국정 목표는 어떤 내용인지? 셋째, 취임사에 나타난 국정 목표는 어떤 기능을 중심으로 전개되는 목표들인지? 마지막으로 취 임사에 나타난 국정 목표들의 정향의 특징은 무엇인지? 를 중심으로 분 석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 취임사에 나타난 국정 목표에 영향을 준 대외적 요인으로는 유일하게 코로나19 요인을 강조하고 있었다. 국내 환 경에 대한 상황인식은 모든 분야에서 부정적인 인식이라기보다는 긍정적 인 인식을 가지고 있었다. 둘째, 취임사에 나타난 주요한 국정 목표로는 정치, 경제, 사회, 외교, 환경 등 5개 분야의 목표를 담고 있었다. 셋째, 취임사에 나타난 국정 목표의 주요한 기능은 다음과 같았다. 정치목표는 합의기능과 통합기능의 성격을 띠고 있었으며 경제목표는 생산기능의 성 격을 띠고 있었다. 사회목표는 통합기능과 집행기능을 담고 있는 것으로 분석되었고 환경목표와 외교목표는 집행기능을 중심으로 전개될 것으로 분석되었다. 넷째, 취임사에 나타난 국정 목표의 특징은 우선 크라크와 디알의 유형화 모형으로 본 특징은 기능적인 측면에서 보면 생산기능과 통합기능 그리고 집행기능을 중심으로 한 목표 정향을 가지는 특징을 보 였다. 그리고 취임사의 함의적 특징은 대통령 출마 공약을 이행하려는 의지를 담은 정향을 보인다는 특징과 대외적 목표보다는 대내적 목표를 중심으로 국정 목표의 정향을 정하고 추진하겠다는 의지로 나타났다.

Many Korean scholars have praised progressive initiatives in the current Korean National Curriculum (KNC) and Korean National English Curriculum (KNEC), although they also state that the actual teaching practices have changed little. With each new iteration of the KNC it is apparent that the Korean Ministry of Education (MOE) is encouraging a pedagogical agenda that reflects the necessities of situated learning and ‘student-centered’ approaches to teaching and learning. The MOE’s inclusion of ‘micro-teaching’ in tertiary teacher training program reviews also illustrates its increasingly active measures to affect educational change in Korea. Concomitant with the recent MOE initiatives, there has been a growing interest in practices of critical literacy/pedagogy in English education over the past 15 years in Korea. The purpose of critical literacy is to educate students to be knowledgeable, creative, and active participants in a democracy for the purposes of increasing social justice and agency. Thus, it becomes possible, and desirable, to undertake a theoretical analysis of the language and intent between the KNC/ KNEC and theories of critical literacy. This paper analyzes the language ant intent of the KNC and KNEC to determine the extent to which they reflect the theories and pedagogies of critical literacy. Results of this analysis indicate that that critical literacy supports the goals of the curricula and suggest that it should be included in tertiary teacher education programs.

Die Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) revolutioniert das Leben des Menschen. Bildung und Erziehung müssen sich entsprechend auf die durch den Einsatz der KI bewirkten Veränderungen einstellen. Das betrifft auch den schulischen Fremdsprachenunterricht, dessen ‘Charakter’ und ‘Ziele’ mit Blick auf das Zeitalter der KI herausgearbeitet werden. Zunächst werden die allgemeinen curricularen Vorgaben für den Fremdsprachenunterricht und die in den einzelnen Fremdsprachenfächern in Bezug auf ‘Charakter’ und ‘Ziele’ postulierten Inhalte analysiert. Anschließend wird herausgearbeitet, wie und inwieweit der Mensch in Bezug auf Fremdsprachen von der KI profitieren kann. Die KI kann jedoch den grundlegenden Sinn und Wert des Fremdsprachenlernens nicht ersetzen, nämlich neue Weltansichten kennenzulernen, sein Weltverständnis zu erweitern und auf dieser Basis zur friedlichen und gemeinsamen Entwicklung der Menschheit beizutragen. Daraus ergibt sich, dass im Zeitalter der KI dem humanistisch-pädagogischen Wert des Fremdsprachenunterrichts eine bedeutendere Rolle zukommt, während der pragmatische Wert der Verständigung durch KI ersetzt werden kann. Der Charakter der Fremdsprachenfächer wird sich daher in Zukunft v.a. über die pädagogisch-humanistischen Ziele ‘Persönlichkeitsentwicklung’ und ‘Völkerverständigung’ definieren. Dementsprechend sollten möglichst verschiedene Fremdsprachen angeboten werden, wobei einem tiefen Kulturverständnis mehr Gewicht beigemessen werden sollte als dem flüssigen Sprechen der Fremdsprache.

This study is on the policy direction settings that can accomplish regional revitalization by continuously developing the various theme of rural tourism and can contribute to the improvement of the quality of life. The recent issues of SDGs are discussed, and their link with rural development, especially with rural tourism, are examined. To be specific, it focuses on healing-type rural tourism that is rising as a new theme in the tourism industry. The results have revealed the possibility of linking the indicators of SDGs and the needed resources for healing rural tourism. Therefore, it is possible to strengthen the rural tourism theme linkage, and to contribute to the regional revitalization through establishment of the detailed action indicators of rural tourism in line with SDGs. However, since research on SDGs is at an early stage, there is a need for further discussion on various examples from the rural tourism field.

지난 15년 동안(2001~2015) 전 세계는 새천년개발목표 (MDGs; Millenium Development Goals, MDGs) 8개 목표 의 달성을 위해 노력해왔으며, 2014 MDGs 보고서(UN, 2014)에 따르면 이 중 몇 개의 목표는 중요한 진전이 있었으 나1), 환경적 지속가능성에 대한 위협이 지속되고 있다는 인 식에 기초하여 제70차 UN 총회(2015.9)에서 지구와 인류 을 위한 향후 15년간의 전 지구적 의제를 담은 새로운 지속 가능발전목표(SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals, 2016~2030)를 채택하였다. 따라서, 새롭게 채택된 국제의 제인 SDGs의 생물다양성 및 자연 보전과 관련된 내용을 살펴보고, 보호지역 분야의 시사점을 살펴보고자 하였다. SDGs는 17개 지속가능발전목표와 169개의 세부목표로 구성되어있으며, 지속가능발전을 위한 필수적인 것으로 경 제성장, 건강한 삶, 기후변화 등 경제, 사회, 환경의 통합된 접근과 조화를 강조하고 있다. MDGs의 8개 목표 중 하나였 던 환경의 지속가능성 확보와 관련된 내용이 대부분 계승되 고 확장되었다고 할 수 있다. SDGs의 17개 목표 중 goal 14와 goal 15에서는 해양 및 육상 생태계의 보전과 지속가 능 이용에 대해 직접적인 세부목표를 설정하고 있다. 육상 생태계의 경우(goal 15) 국제적 합의의 이행과 더불어 사막 화 방지, 생물다양성 손실 중지, 멸종위기종의 멸종방지, 밀 렵 및 불법거래 종식, 침입외래종 영향 저감 등의 세부목표 를 제시하고 있으며, 해양생태계 분야(goal 14)는 해양오염 방지와 해양산성화 최소화, 해양‧연안 생태계의 회복력 증 지‧복원, 위해보조금 방비 등의 내용을 세부목표로 담고 있 다. 또한 제6차 세계공원총회(WPC, 2014)에서 집중 논의 되었던, 지구가 직면한 다양한 위협(기후변화, 식량 및 물 안보, 자연재해, 건강/복지)의 가장 효과적인 자연적 해결책 으로서의 자연 및 보호지역의 역할의 경우, SDGs 개별목표 에서 보호지역의 역할에 대해 직접적으로 언급하고 있지는 않지만, 자연 보전과의 관련성을 언급2)하고 있다. 기후변화 와 관련해서는 선진국들에 재원 조성약속(2020년까지 연간 1천억불) 이행촉구와 더불어 기후변화 관련 위험과 자연재 해에 대한 회복 및 적응력 강화, 국가 정책/전략/계획에 기 후변화 수단을 통합 등을 제시하고 있다. 보호지역 확대 목 표에 있어서는 해양의 경우 생물다양성협약 아이치타켓 11 의 구체적 확대목표인 10%를 직접 언급하고 있으나(goal 14.5), 육상지역은 구체적인 확대목표에 대한 언급 없이 국 제적 합의에 대한 의무이행만(goal 15.1)을 언급하고 있다. 생물다양성 및 보호지역 관련 SDGs 목표에 대한 국가차원 의 효과적 이행 기반을 진단하기 위해, SDGs 채택 이후 정부에서 수립한 법정 중장기 국가계획(제3차 지속가능발전 기본계획 2016-2035), 제4차 국가환경종합계획 2016-2035), 제3차 자연환경보전 기본계획 2016-2035))을 살펴보면, 관련 세부목표별로 일부 반영이 미흡한 분야(지속가능관광의 모 니터링 및 평가기제, 해양산성화 최소화 등)도 있었으나 상당 부분 우리나라의 국가적 맥락을 반영하여 각 종 계획에 담고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상에서 살펴보았듯이 SDGs는 지속가능발전의 근간이 자연의 보전에 있음을 명확하게 인식하고 있는 것을 알 수 있으며, SDGs가 향후 15년간 UN 등 국제사회의 주요 개발 협력을 위한 활동수칙이 될 수 있기 때문에, 이러한 국제사 회의 공감대 속에서 향후 보호지역에 기반한 지속적인 환경 보전 활동과 협력이 강화될 것으로 기대된다. 따라서 SDGs 에 담긴 보호지역 관련 다양한 목표들과 연계하여 자연(보 호지역 등) 보전을 통한 지속가능발전모델 구현에 더 많은 관심과 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.