The ultimate goal of this development is a hybrid solar energy storage device. It supplies stable power to the load due to the emergency generator that compensates for the power shortage due to solar power generation. We have developed a stand-alone photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system with a dual inverter that extends the performance life of the PV system. It solves the problem of shortening the lifespan of battery due to repetition of charge / discharge of PV system and supplies stable power to load due to emergency generator that compensates for power shortage due to solar power generation, and furthermore, A stand-alone photovoltaic power generation system having a dual inverter for extending the life span and a control method thereof. We have also developed an optimized energy solution that enables us to save and use the remaining surplus power in the ESS to save energy through efficiency, optimization and substantial energy savings.

The limitations and problems of the rechargeable battery and short mileage per one electric charging have not been overcome at the electric vehicles. To solve these problems, the hybrid vehicle has been developed by securing the performance of automotive with the conventional internal combustion engine and the environmental benefit. Meanwhile, the electric UTV (utility terrain vehicle) which has this environmental benefit has been widely used for factories, parks, leisure and agricultural areas. In this study, the electric UTV was fabricated and attached the auxiliary power drive systems including the photovoltaic power generation system into this electric vehicle in order to make up the hybrid (motor + photovoltaic) vehicle system. As the range of the hybrid UTV would be extended over 20% than that of the existing golf cart per one electric charging through this successful development, the dynamic stiffness was improved through light-weight body design.

The major complaint of hybrid vehicle driver is that real fuel economy is lower than the certified fuel economy. Therefore, it is important to analyze the cause of low fuel economy and to improve the fuel consumption at real driving condition. In this study, the various speed profile is measured by driving urban road with considering different traffic jam. By using backward simulation, the fuel economy characteristics of the acquired driving modes are analyzed. From the simulation results, the operating points of engine and motor analyzed and the cause of decrease of real fuel economy is examined.

The hybrid cooling system of vapor compression system and naturally circulating coolin system using R-410a for indoor mobil tele-communication center(IMTC) is developed and its performance is experimentally studied. Its results are summarized as follows. First, cooling capacity of naturally circulating cooling system is proportional to indoor and outdoor temperature difference and it has max. 4,550 kcal/h at indoor and outdoor air temperature difference 15℃. Second, heat exchangers of evaporator and condenser should be designed and constructed to be able to get maximum refrigerant capacity by naturally circulating force and to enhance heat transfer by refrigerant. Third, cooling capacity of hybrid cooling system has optimum operating point according to refrigerant charging capacity and refrigerant charging capacity of naturally circulating cooling system is 30~50% more than vapor compression refrigeration system.

본 논문에서는 지진하중을 받는 사장교에 납고무받침과 유압식 가력기를 결합한 복합제어 시스템을 적용하였다. 복합제어 시스템은 다중의 제어장치로 인해 제어성능의 향상을 기대할 수 있지만 추가적으로 사용되는 능동제어 장치로 인하여 전체 제어시스템의 강인성이 저하될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 복합제어 시스템의 강인성을 향상시키기 위해 기존의 LQG 알고리즘에 납고무받침의 응답에 따른 on-off 형태의 알고리즘을 결합하였다. 수치해석 결과 on-off 형태의 LQG 알고리즘을 사용한 복합제어 시스템은 납고무받침을 사용할 수동제어 시스템이나 유압식 가력기만을 사용한 능동제어 시스템과 비슷한 최대제어력이나 평균제어력을 사용하면서 제어성능이 향상되었으며, 기존의 성능에 초점을 둔 LQG 알고리즘만을 사용한 복합제어 시스템과 유사한 제어성능을 나타냈다. 또한 제안된 제어시스템은 구조물의 강성행렬에 교란이 있을 때 기존의 LQG 알고리즘만을 사용한 복합제어 시스템에 비해 강인성이 향상되었으며 교란된 시스템에 대해 불안정성을 보이지 않았다. 제안된 제어시스템은 설계지진뿐만 아니라 다른 입력지진에 대해서도 제어성능을 유지하였다. 따라서 On-Off 형태의 LQG 알고리즘을 사용한 복합제어 시스템은 불확실성이 많은 지진하중을 받는 사장교에 개선된 제어기법으로 제안될 수 있다.

This In paper In this research a experimental and analytical study were performed to investigate strengthening efficiency of a hybrid material beam developed with the goal of simultaneously increasing the flexural stiffness and strength of aging RC structures. A composite beam consisted of two materials ; aluminum, GFRP. The experimental investigation consisted of testing 3 simply supported full-scale concrete beams. As test variables, the cross-sectional type of hybrid material beam(BE-2, SH-2). Test results show that the stiffness and load capacity of all specimens strengthened with hybrid material beam increased compared with unstrengthened specimens. A hybrid material beam of BE-2 was more efficient for stiffness increase than a un non-strengthened beam of U-B. A damage by power pin install reduce flexural load-carry capacity to 7∼10%. Specimens with high reinforcement raito had larg load-carry capacity than specimens with low reinforcement ratio and had small load-carry increase ratio compare with theoretical load-carry capacity of non-strengthen.

This paper deals with the recent development of GFRP bars by material hybridization (i.e., “hybrid GFRP bars”). This development attempts to improve the low elastic modulus of GFRP bars to be used for reinforced concrete (RC) structures, especially they were built in a corrosive environment (e.g., waterfront structures). The purpose of material hybridization in this study is to increase the elastic modulus of GFRP bar. Steel wires were inserted to GFRP and dispersed over the cross-section. E-glass fibers and unsaturated polyester resins were pultruded. Several types of the hybrid GFRP bars were tested to evaluate the tensile strength. Mechanical behaviour of hybrid GFRP bars was examined as a function two factors: 1) a ratio of steel to GFRP; 2) a diameter of steel wire. The experimental results showed that the elastic modulus of the hybrid GFRP bar was improved by up to 171% by material hybridization. To ensure the long-term durability of the hybrid GFRP bars in waterfront structure applications, the individual and combined effects of environmental conditions on the hybrid GFRP bar itself as well as on the interface between bar and concrete should be also accessed.

A new hybrid, Cymbidium(C.) ‘Sunny Bell’ was developed as new hybrid by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea in 2013. This hybrid came from the progenies crossed between C. karan and ebruenum in 2000. Finally, one hundred-one seedlings were obtained after planting and acclimatization in green house. In 2007, one line was selected by their performance such as flower color, leaf shape, flower stalk, and vigorous growth and named ‘Wongyuo F1-47. The line code 000390-46 had uniformity and excellent characteristics. The selected line after second characteristics test was named as ‘Sunny Bell’. This hybrid had light purple colored petal and lip (RP59B)and large sized flower(diameter 7.9cm). A ‘Sunny Bell’ had about 7.8 flowers per flower stalk and small sized flower and plant. General impression of petals and sepals showed some incurved shape. The attitude of peduncle was erect. Bloom was started from February under optimal culture condition

A new hybrid, Cymbidium(C.) ‘Beauty smile’ was developed as new hybrid by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea in 2013. This hybrid came from the progenies crossed between C. ‘2113’(Accession No.) and C. Lucky Rainbow ‘Randevous’ in 2000. Finally, eighty seven seedlings were obtained after planting and acclimatization in green house. In 2007, one line was selected by their performance such as flower color, leaf shape, flower stalk, and vigorous growth and named ‘Wongyuo F1-43. The line code 000550-78 had uniformity and excellent characteristics. The selected line after second characteristics test was named as ‘Beauty smile’. This hybrid had bright pink colored petal and lip (RP63D)and large sized flower(diameter 8.3cm). A ‘Beauty smile’ had about 13.3 flowers per flower stalk and medium sized flower and plant. General impression of petals and sepals showed some incurved shape. The attitude of peduncle was half-erect. Bloom was started from middle of November under optimal culture condition.

In this paper, the utilization of PZT’s dual piezoelectric effects (i.e., dynamic strain and electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance responses) for damage detection in beam-type structures are presented. In order to achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented. First, global vibration-based and local impedance-based methods to detect the location of damage are presented. Then, the vibration-based and impedance-based damage detection methods using the dual piezoelectric responses are evaluated from experiments on a lab-scaled beam.

This study shows experimental loading tests on monolithic and spliced hybrid PSC girders with Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors. The main purposes of the study are to investigate the static behaviors of joint parts in the spliced girder and load-resisting capacity of Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors in steel-concrete composite connections. Two specimens (monolithic and spliced girder) with 10.3m length were manufactured and tested. As results of the loading tests, static it is expected that the spliced girder can be utilized effectively in practical design. In addition, Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors can be applied adequately in steel-concrete composite connections.

Frequent occurrence of off-type plants in a given cultivar has been a serious problem in both breeder's and farmer's fields. An experiment was designed to examine the differences in rate of occurrence of off-type plants among Tongil-type cultivars (high yielding cultivars derived from indica/japonica hybridization) from which the possible cause of higher occurrence of off-type plant in a specific cultivar was deduced. Among five Tongil-type cultivars examined for morphological variant in the field, only one cultivar, Dasanbyeo, had off-type plants. When analyzed with SSR markers, off-type plants showed different band patterns from original cultivar, having several extra bands in addition to cultivar-specific band, suggesting that off-type plants were originated from Dasanbyeo, rather than originated from mixing or mishandling of seed materials with other cultivars. The possible cause of off-type occurrence seems to be natural pollination with other cuItivars adjacent to the original cultivar during seed multiplication. This was supported from the observation that self-crossed progeny of the off type plants showed a wide range of variation of agronomic traits which could not be observed when there was a smaller introduction of genes to the fixed germplasm as happened in the case of cultivar mutation. Another evidence supported this idea that Dasanbyeo showed much of difference in floral organ and behavior to other cultivar to be subjected to higher out-crossing than other cultivars examined.