As Korea has recently become a multicultural society, English teachers acknowledge the need to address anti-racism in the classroom. However, how to raise students’ racial awareness and ways to incorporate racial issues into English language instruction have not been sufficiently studied in the Korean teacher education context. The aims of this study were to provide pre-service English teachers with a guide to implementing antiracist pedagogy in their language teaching and assessing its impact on their racial literacy development and to examine how pre-service English teachers’ racial literacy can be developed through multiple self-reflective practices and microteaching experiences in their teacher education programs. This paper first introduces an anti-racist curriculum for pre-service English teachers intended to raise their multicultural awareness, and then provides multiple educational resources and teaching strategies to help them become culturally responsive language teachers. The paper concludes with some pedagogical implications regarding the necessity of including culturally responsive teaching in teacher education programs.

The objective of this study is to investigate the satisfaction of elementary, middle and high school nutrition teachers in the Chungnam province concerning the free school food service. We surveyed satisfaction related to policies on school food service and the school food service center. Satisfaction on the school food service center was separated according to four dimensions; perception, food materials, operational system and service. Furthermore, we analyzed factors that affect satisfaction with the school food service center with a multiple regression model. First, satisfaction about the free school food service and dietary life education are higher than the total average of satisfaction with the policy about the school food service. Second, satisfaction about a variety of food materials and reasonable prices are lower than total average of satisfaction with the school food service center. Third, when more teachers have a high level of a positive perception and have higher satisfaction with the operational system of the school food service center, then they also subsequently display higher satisfaction with the school food service center. Therefore it is necessary to improve or make up for pricing and diversity on food materials by the school food service center.

본 연구의 목적은 예비보육교사가 인식하는 보육실습 시 지도교사의 지지에 대하여 탐색해 보는 데 있다. 예비조사로 보육관련학과 전공 3학년에 재학 중인 60명을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 (focus group) 면담을 하였고, 그 중에서 6명을 선별하여 2회에 걸쳐 보육실습 기간 중 보육실 습 지도교사로부터의 지지받았던 경험에 대하여 연구를 하였다. 연구결과, 첫째 [외적 지지] 주제에서는 <모델링으로서의 지지>, <상담가로서의 지지>, <협력자로서의 지지>를 받은 것 으로 나타났다. 둘째, [내적 지지] 주제에서는 <정서적 지지>, <공감적 지지>를 받은 것으로 나타났다. 예비보육교사에게 명확한 피드백과 보다 성공적인 보육교사 양성을 하기 위해서는, 보육실습지도 메뉴얼에 보육실습교사의 기술적인 역량 뿐 아니라 보육실습생을 지지하는 것 에 대한 부분이 강조되어야 하며, 보육실습 지도교사의 지지에 관한 연구개발과 체계적인 프 로그램의 지원 및 보급이 필요하겠다. 본 연구는 보육실습 지도교사의 실습생에 대한 지지의 중요성을 조망하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of pre-service language teachers’ reflection for problem solving, focusing on facets of problem solving. For this purpose, this study collected and analyzed twenty pre-service English teachers’ ninety-four entries of reflection guided by semi-structured guidelines for problem solving: pre-reflective, reflective thinking, and post-reflective. For the analysis of the data, this study adopted constant comparative analysis to identify and categorize features in the data from the perspective of qualitative approach. This study found three dimensions of problem solving and three or four segments under each dimension. Dimensions represent the possible procedural steps of problem solving: ‘problem-determination’, ‘problem-analysis’, and ‘solution’. In terms of cognitive purposes, four possible segments emerged: ‘description’, ‘elaboration’, ‘justification’, and ‘evaluation’. In contrast, concerning perspectives on viewing problems, this study identified three segments: ‘thou-view’, ‘i-view’, and ‘alternative-view’. The variation in the employment of the dimensions and segments was found to represent diverse patterns of problem solving in pre-service language teacher reflection. The findings of this study suggest some implications for pre-service language teacher education.

There has been an increasing demand for effective on-line English teacher education programs due to the advantages including cost efficiency and easy access. Despite the provision of a variety of on-line English teacher education programs, only a small number of studies on on-line in-service education program for English teachers have been carried out. This study aims to provide a basic model of on-line in-service English language teacher education based on the critical awareness. To do this, previous studies on on-line in-service English language teacher education in Korea and abroad were critically reviewed and key issues were derived. They are top-down approach to on-line teacher education curriculum development, unsustainability of teacher education, disconnection of teacher education to practice, insufficient establishment of community of practice, and deficiency of reflection on teaching practice. Three on-line English teacher education programs were selected and evaluated by using these key issues. It is suggested that bottom-up approach to curriculum development, establishment of community of practice for the sustainability of teacher education, and reflective learning for connecting teacher education to real classroom practice be included as key components for effective on-line teacher education.

The main focus of the current article is to introduce and apply an evaluation model to an rNSET program for non-native speaking English teachers. The rationale behind why an rNSET program evaluation should make use of a synthesized approach to look at diverse variables from a balanced perspective is provided. While using the model as a guideline, this article explores the way quality drivers in an intensive teacher education program are interconnected to affect program quality. What/why/how the case study foreign teacher educator does needs to be examined through teacher trainees' perceptions and reactions, who better know context variables in their own classrooms. It turned out that the trainer's teaching quality was affected a lso by the socio-cultural variables within and beyond his classroom area. [n addition, it was revealed that discrepancies between stakeholders' beliefs and practices could lower the program quality as well. The article illustrates the process of how quality drivers and context variables affect each other to determine program quality and warrants more attention from ELT evaluators.

The purpose of this study is to present and explore current state and reform tendency of teacher education curriculum of Normal universities in China, focusing on curriculum provisions and training methods of pre-service teachers. For this purpose, the background of teacher education curriculum reform has been discussed at first from angles of society, the government and Normal Universities. It is obvious that China’s teacher education courses have attained internationally known achievements over the past decades and have supported the largest scale of basic education all over the world. The current focal problem of China’s teacher education is not the problem of teacher’s quantity, but quality. In order to adapt to the new situation and tendency, the Chinese government adjusted strategic direction and provided new guidance on teacher education for improving the quality. It includes the transformation of teacher education models from “planned training” to “market oriented control”; active support for improving teacher’s academic levels; implementation of the open-type teacher training pattern and so on. According to the government’s control and guidance, Normal Universities should also change training concepts and teacher education philosophy, mainly on enhancing quality-oriented education, emphasizing students’ sustainable self development ability, and attaching importance on the concept of lifelong education. Under this same background, teacher education universities show extreme similarity on curriculum reform. They all stick to the model of one basic training object, two elective specialty calibers for choice, three-dimensional crossed curriculum systems, four types of optional curriculums, five-in-one training patterns, and six aspects of surrounded general education courses. A lot of practice indicates that the reform of teacher education mode in universities is effective and rational to some extent. The model is worth refering to in teacher education curriculum reform, for most countries.

The research discussed in this paper was conducted to evaluate an intensive English teacher training program (IETTP) and to consider implications for in-service English teacher education. Data was gathered from a variety of sources including trainees’ self-evaluation of their teaching and English language proficiency, feedback on sessions of the program, interviews, and documents. The analysis of the gathered data revealed that the trainees perceived their teaching improved. The comparison of the pre- and post-tests of language skills showed that the level of the trainees’ English language significantly improved. The trainees’ feedback on the program and the trainers revealed that they were satisfied with the course components, and with the trainers’ enthusiasm, materials, motivation and demonstrations. It was also found that the program management was process-focused; the evaluation was conducted on a regular basis and the results were fed back into the program. The findings of the program evaluation supported the conclusion that the trainees benefitted from the programs and that the goals of the training program were achieved at a satisfactory level in most areas. The findings provide guidelines for the further development of IETTPs, and implications for policy-making on English teacher education.

The present evaluation research was conducted to provide program decision makers with judgements about the intensive in-service teacher training (INSET) program"s worth or merits in relation to important criteria. It also purports to provide program staffs with useful information in improving their INSET programs. Setting boundaries and analyzing the context were followed by the procedure of identifying and selecting the evaluation questions and criteria. The overview of recent developments in English language teacher training provided the underlying principle for setting the criteria for evaluation. The criteria were used to describe the characteristics of a successful language teacher training program or implementation. They included features such as goals, curriculum, personnel, and support. Using the specified checklist, evaluation was carried out on the current intensive English language teacher training courses. Information on each area of the checklist was collected from available sources, analyzed and interpreted qualitatively as well as quantitatively. From the findings of the present evaluation study, some implications are drawn for making policies on INSET, for improving the teacher training programs under investigation, and for establishing and operating similar INSET programs.

The purpose of the study was to explore the role of journal as a way to encourage pre-service teachers to reflect on their own learning experiences and to determine the extent of reflection through journal writing. Journals were kept by pre-service English teachers during a teacher preparation course where the focus was on the understanding of second language acquisition. Sixteen participants were juniors in an undergraduate teacher development program in a university in Korea. The journal entries the trainees kept were analyzed through content analysis method in relation to the dual role as learners and prospective teachers. Within this research framework, it was found that the pre-service English teachers reflected internally on their English learning experiences and could connect the concepts and abstract ideas to their personal experience of learning English. Also, pre-service teachers were able to display their reflective capabilities through the exercise of journal writing in spite of their limited L2 writing skills. From the findings it is suggested that journals can be used as a valuable tool for the teachers-in-preparation, both in developing reflective teachers and in generating powerful insights which later would influence their own classroom behavior and motivation as a teacher.

The purpose of the present study is to compare the use of discourse markers by pre-service training students and in-service training teachers in middle school contexts. For this purpose, 20 participants in each of the pre-service (PS) and in-service (IS) teacher groups were selected and their teaching was videotaped. Then, the data was transcribed with a focus on the use of discourse markers. The results of the study demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the use of macro-markers between the two groups. However, it is interesting that student teachers in the PS group used various expressions for elaboration a little more frequently than the IS group. In addition, significant differences were found in the use of micro-markers between the two groups in terms of segmentation and temporal markers. On the basis of the results, some pedagogical implications on the teaching of listening and teacher training are suggested.

This paper is concerned with the ongoing influence of in-service teacher education upon teachers’ instructional behavior and attitudes. Thus the purpose of this study is to trace attitudinal and instructional changes after in-service teacher training and thereby identify either favorable or unfavorable factors affecting such changes in classroom settings. First, a survey was conducted to see which teacher training programs teachers preferred, uncover any changes in instructional behavior and attitudes as well as factors related to said changes, and gather suggestions for prospective teacher training programs. For additional data, four teachers’ reflective journals and interviews were analyzed. The results of the study were as follows: 1) teachers believed that a teacher’s techniques rather than their English proficiency have the most direct influence upon effective English instruction; 2) changes in both behavior and attitudes are observed for only a short period right after in-service teacher education; and 3) a major factor impeding change is the discrepancy between the English language curriculum and actual classroom instruction, which is largely due to the washback effect of the requirements of the Scholastic Aptitude Test required for college admission.