본 연구는 한국 소설이 인도네시아어로 번역될 때 발생하는 문화적 요소와 관련된 번역의 어려움을 규명하고 이를 극복하기 위한 번역 전 략을 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 문학 텍스트 번역 과정에서 문화소는 가장 까다로운 요소 중 하나로 여겨지며 이는 특정 어휘 선택뿐만 아 니라 번역자의 문화적 역량 또한 요구한다. 많은 언어학자와 번역학자 들이 문화소의 정의, 분류, 및 번역 전략에 대해 논의하고 있지만 여전 히 명확한 합의에 도달하지 못하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 한국어 소설과 인도네시아어 번역본을 비교 분석하여 다양한 문화소를 유형별로 분류하 고 이를 번역하는 과정에서 사용된 번역 절차와 전략을 분석했다. 번역 절차의 결과를 이국화와 자국화 전략으로 분류하여 비교한 결과 자국 화 전략이 68%로, 이국화 전략 32%에 비해 36% 더 높은 비율을 차지 하였다. 이는 번역 과정에서 원문 문화를 그대로 유지하기보다는 대상 독자의 문화적 맥락에 맞추어 적응시키는 경향이 강하게 나타났음을 의미한다. 한국어 문학 작품의 문화소를 번역하는데 사용된 전략과 절차 를 논의함으로써 번역자들은 자신들의 번역에 적절한 절차를 선택하는데 유용한 정보를 얻을 수 있기를 기대한다.

인도네시아어의 호칭어를 한국어로 번역하는 과정에서 나타나는 패턴 을 분석하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 호칭어와 번역 사이의 상관관계 는 언어와 문화의 차이를 반영하는 중요한 측면이다. 번역 과정에서 원 어의 뉘앙스와 감정을 효과적으로 전달하기 위해서는 적절한 대상 언어 의 등가어를 선택하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구는 수한드라(Suhandra 2014)의 호칭어 분류를 사용하여 인도네시아어 호칭어와 한국어 번역을 분석했다. 이를 통해 인도네시아어에서 한국어로 호칭어를 번역할 때 나 타나는 독특한 패턴과 문제를 파악하고, 이러한 발견을 바탕으로 효과적 인 번역 전략을 제안하였다. 또한 본 연구는 언어학, 번역학, 그리고 문 화 간 커뮤니케이션 분야의 향후 연구에 기여할 수 있는 실질적인 데이 터와 통찰력을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

This study analyzes the fifth edition of the enhanced spelling of the Indonesian language (EYD V) by comparing it with the original Indonesian spelling system (EBI) in terms of the use of character and punctuation. Specifically, it presumes that the frequent occurrence of errors in the Indonesian spelling systems is related to both indifference in Indonesian orthography and recurrent orthographic revisions. Based on this premise, it investigates differences between the original EBI, officially announced in 2015, and EYD V, the latest Indonesian spelling system, in terms of the use of character and punctuation. The analytic results found that EYD V includes several new elements, such as the introduction of a monophthong eu and the use of consonants q, x, and y at the end of words. Furthermore, it was found that EYD V provides the revised and supplemented contents compared to the original EBI from multiple perspectives by implementing enhanced consistency and timeliness in descriptions and error correction. The outcomes of this study are expected to serve as essential data for Indonesian writing education and as comparative data for discussions on Malay orthography in relation to Indonesian orthography.

본고에서는 K-POP 가사의 인도네시아어 팬번역 실태와 품질을 분석 하였다. K-POP 아이돌 그룹인 방탄소년단의 노래 가사가 팬들을 통해 인도네시 아어로 어떻게 번역이 되고 있는지 그 번역물의 품질은 어떠한지에 대해 살펴보았 다. 본고의 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 팬번역물의 품질이 높다고 할 수는 없지만 전문 번역과는 차별화되는 부분이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 두 번째, 팬번역의 번역 품질이 높지 않은 요인으로 팬들이 팬번역에 대해 요구하는 수준이 높지 않다는 것과 일반적인 번역물과는 생산 및 소비되는 속도가 빠르다는 것을 꼽 을 수 있다. 세 번째로는 팬번역의 완성도를 높이고 발전 및 활성화를 위한 방안의 필요성을 제시하였다.

본 연구는 한국어가 인도네시아어로 번역되었을 때 나타난 결속구조 전환을 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 번역과 결속구조는 서로 긴밀하게 연 결되어 있다. 번역 과정에서 결속구조를 적절하게 해석하고 전달하는 것은 번역의 일관성과 의미 전달에 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 결속 구조 를 분석하기 위해 원문과 번역문에서 100문장을 추출한 후 보그랑데와 드레슬러(Beaugrande & Dresseler, 2008)의 결속구조 모델을 사용하 여 한국어와 인도네시아어의 결속구조를 분석했다. 분석 결과 한국어와 인도네시아어 번역문에서 대용형, 접속 표현, 회기법 및 부분 회기법, 환언, 생략법의 순서로 결속구조가 전환되었음을 확인하였다. 이 연구 내용이 번역 교육의 예시로 활용하거나 번역자들의 실무에 도움이 되 기를 기대해 본다.

This explorative paper investigates the application of human rights to civil law cases in Indonesia. Human rights are often placed within the realm of public law. Yet, fundamental rights and freedoms also apply to private law cases. The human rights literature, however, does not exist in Indonesian private law. This article explores how human rights are applied in Indonesian civil law cases with reference to the models of human rights application developed by Aharon Barak and Olha Cherednychenko. We found that in Indonesia, judges apply human rights law to civil law cases indirectly, yet this application is inconsistent. The Supreme Court has attempted to increase legal unity by making case law (yurisprudensi) more accessible and by issuing internal regulations that must serve as guidelines for judges-including the application of fundamental rights in civil law cases. Case law and guidelines, however, lack thorough legal reasoning and are, therefore, difficult to apply to complex cases.

Indonesian women have emerged as global consumers, and various studies are needed to expand the global fashion market targeting their needs. In this study, a survey was conducted to determine the fashion design preferences of Indonesian Muslim women according to demographic characteristics and religious variables. In this study, Indonesian women aged from their teens to their 40s were surveyed by questionnaire during June 2020. This yielded 301 survey responses, which were analyzed using χ2-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test using SPSS23. The results of the study are as follows: Analysis of the demographic characteristics of Indonesian Muslim women and the degree of acceptance of fashion trends according to religious variables showed significant differences according to age, monthly income, and the extent to which they wore a hijab. Analysis of the demographic characteristics of the women and the degree of acceptance of the fitted garment according to religious variables showed significant differences depending on their age, whether they were married, their monthly income, religious faithfulness, the extent to which they wore a hijab, and the degree of acceptance of Islamic discipline. After examining the difference in Muslim women’s preferred fashion images (according to demographic characteristics and religious variables), significant differences were identified according to their age, income, extent to which they wore a hijab, and the degree of Islamic discipline with regard to clothing.

Most scholars argue that the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources (PSNR) has been used by developing countries as a legal basis to exploit their natural resources, including forests, for the sake of economic development. Land conversion and forest burning are the primary causes of forest degradation and deforestation in Indonesia. Thus, the biodiversity of Indonesian tropical forests is decreasing tremendously. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the experiences of the Indonesian government to balance the principle of PSNR and sustainable forest management (SFM). The paper argues that the implementation of the PSNR principle in SFM faces many challenges, such as deforestation, forest degradation, and the failures in implementing laws, as well as weak law enforcement. Therefore, to balance the PSNR principle with SFM, the Indonesian government needs to undertake various efforts, such as strengthening law enforcement, carrying out social forest management, and exercising mandatory forest certification. Moreover, all these efforts need to be further improved.

Today, the question on the legal instruments of international organisations that impose direct sanctions on individuals and legal entities have surfaced, such as the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolutions. States are obliged to implement the UNSC Resolutions but would face difficulties in this course. The UNSC’s coercive approach rubs international security against democratic legitimacy, especially when the Resolutions violate due process of law, principle of legality and human rights. To date, Indonesia’s stance on international law (including UNSC Resolutions) under its legal system remains unclear. This study analyses the implementation of the UNSC Resolutions in Indonesia, which has no uniformity without a UN Act. The case of North Korean vessel, MV Wise Honest, highlights the growing confusion in Indonesia because violation of the UNSC Resolutions has not been governed. Conclusively, Indonesia needs to enact a UN Act to provide legal certainty in the implementation of the UNSC Resolutions.

The Indonesian Ocean Policy (IOP) is a new milestone in managing its oceans since Indonesia ratified the UNCLOS 35 years ago. Indonesia underwent several paradigm shifts in strengthening ocean governance from 1957 to 2014. This research aims to analyse three paradigm shifts in strengthening ocean governance in Indonesia. The research revealed that the milestone of the first shift was the 1957 Djuanda Declaration, recognised by the UNCLOS in 1982, regarding the concept of an archipelago state, called the ‘ocean space paradigm.’ The second, which occurred in the Reformation period (1998-2014) was called the Ocean Development paradigm, while the third paradigm shift was after President Jokowi launched Indonesia’s vision as a Global Maritime Fulcrum. This third paradigm shift was also associated with the emergence of the IOP, which contributes to national development and pays comprehensive attention to the constellation of relations between the countries in Asia and various initiatives in the region.

The object of this study is to analyse the intention to use mobile payment in transportation system through four dimensions which is cashless Characteristics, Individual Differences, Adoption Readiness and Perceived Credibility Risk. 1080 respondent data gathered by the survey method and analysed by SEM-PLS. The study shows that the main reason for the society to use mobile payment in transportation systems are the facilitating conditions and perceived usefulness. While the perceived usefulness is significantly affected by the compatibility and convenience. It brings a big impact toward the increasing use of mobile payment if the company focused on that variables for markets their products. Furthermore, the facilitating conditions can be increased by adding more infrastructure and more effective, integrated, and efficient system to also increase the convenience and compatibility of using the mobile payment. Perceived Usefulness also can be increased by adding more promotion, discount, and partnering merchants that can be used through mobile payment. This study can assist the business owner what to focus their business model to efficiently exert appropriate investment and effort in the transportation system.

Global warming, or climate change, could be the main reason why small islands in many areas of the Earth, including those in Indonesian territory, are sinking. Many small Indonesian islands are between 1 and 3 metres under the surface of the sea because of raised sea levels caused by climate change. If this situation continues, it would affect many of the outermost islands of Indonesia, so that we should anticipate the danger that the outermost islands would be submerged. The basepoints and archipelagic baselines would then be replaced, among other serious consequences for Indonesia. The Paris Climate Agreement, signed by almost 200 states in 2015, is the main instrument for mitigating global warming through reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Indonesia ratified the Paris Climate Agreement, because it has a great interest in mitigating the phenomenon that is causing the sea level to rise, which is having a serious impact on its islands.

최근 인도네시아 빈탄섬 북쪽 수역에서 여러 척의 국제항해 선박들이 불법 투묘 혐의로 인도네시아 해군에 나포되어 장기간 억류되고 있다. 이 수역은 인근 주변국간 해상경계가 획정되지 않았음에도 인도네시아는 자국법에 따라 강 력한 집행 관할권을 행사하고 있는 것이다. 종래 많은 선박들이 상기 해역에서 관행적으로 투묘대기하여 왔지만, 이러한 정박이 항만당국의 허가를 득하지 않은 경우에는 해양법상 무해통항의 요건인 계속적이고 신속한 통항이나 불가피한 예외적 정선 사유로 인정되지 않기 때문에 불법투묘 혐의로 인도네시아 당국에 나포될 수 있다. 따라서 선박들은 변화 된 해상교통환경을 인식하고 타국 관할수역에 무단 투묘하지 말아야 한다. 다만, 선박이 연안국의 법령위반으로 나포되더라도 해양법협약 제292조에 따라 적정한 보석금이 예치된 경우, 운항손실과 인권침해를 막기 위하여 선박과 선원의 신속한 석방은 이루어져야 한다. 만약 억류가 장기간 지속되면 해양법협 약이 규정한 구속력 있는 결정을 수반하는 분쟁해결 강제절차를 활용할 필요가 있다. 한편, 해양강국을 지향하는 인도네시아는 연안국의 권익을 확대하기 위해 도 입된 대륙붕, 배타적경제수역, 군도수역 등과 같은 해양법상 여러 제도를 일찍이 국내법으로 수용하여 자국의 해양권익과 경제적 이익을 도모하고 있다. 그러나 해양관련 업무가 다양한 기관에 복잡하게 분산되어 중복 수행됨으로 인하여 통합된 해양법제의 정비와 해양집행 체제의 정비가 필요하다. 이 논문은 인도네시아 관할수역 내에서 우리 국적선박의 불법투묘로 인한 억류를 예방하고 대책 마련을 위하여 인도네시아의 해양법제를 포함한 해당 수역의 지위와 변화된 해상교통환경, 신속한 석방 규정 및 무해통항의 법리를 검토하고 시사점과 향후 대응방안에 대하여 고찰하였다.

Indonesia has the largest economy in Southeast Asia and is one of the fastest growing economies of the world. This study was conducted to understand Indonesian food consumers, and to provide the marketing implications for food exporting companies in Korea. An online survey was conducted on 795 local consumers in Indonesia and the study analyzed their preference for Korean food and Korean culture. Then this study identified the relationship of these variables and consumers’ intention to purchase Korean food. The results of this study were as follows. First, Indonesian consumers had a strong preference for Ramyeon, noodles, snacks and kimchi among Korean foods. Second, the preference for Korean culture was high in a descending order of Korean dramas, cosmetics, songs and news. Third, both Korean food and Korean culture preferences showed significant differences depending on gender, age and the frequency of eating out. Lastly, analysis of the relationships among the variables showed that there is a positive relationship between Korean food preferences and Korean food purchase intentions. Further, the consumers’ Korean culture preference had a mediating effect within this relationship. The results of this study imply that marketers in Korea food companies need to consider the consumers’ preference for Korean food and Korean culture when they build proper strategies for exporting Korean foods to Indonesia.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekeliruan yang terdapat dalam kamus bilingual bahasa Indonesia-Korea, mengingat kepentingan kamus bilingual dalam pendidikan bahasa asing. Secara lebih terperinci, penelitian ini secara mendalam menyelidiki ‘Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia-Korea’ yang diterbitkan pada 2016 sebagai sebuah kamus yang dipandang representatif di antara kamus sejenis, berdasarkan anggapan bahwa penyusunan kamus bilingual pada dasarnya tidak berbeda dengan proses penerjemahan kamus monolingual/bilingual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa tipe kekeliruan dalam ‘Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia-Korea,’ yaitu kekeliruan makna yang tidak tepat, kekeliruan makna yang tidak memadai, kekeliruan penggunaan kata yang tidak baku atau berasal dari bahasa Melayu, kekeliruan karena salah ketik, kekeliruan gramatikal, dan kekeliruan contoh penggunaan. Tambahan pula, penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa kebanyakan kekeliruan tersebut diakibatkan oleh kekeliruan penerjemahan, khususnya dalam menerjemahkan nama flora, fauna, serta istilah. Lagi pula, terdapat banyak kekeliruan penerjemahan yang diakibatkan hanya oleh kelalaian dan kesembronoan penyusun kamus.

Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUUF) is a complex problem because IUUF perpetrators not only have fisheries management issues, but also commit other crimes. This phenomenon raises further academic analysis of crime in fisheries at domestic and international levels. Indonesia has experienced different events leading to addressing crimes related to fisheries, which initially came from IUUF practices. To achieve legal certainty, crimes in fisheries issues must be separated from IUUF because IUUF is a matter under the mandate of FAO and crime in fishery is under the mandate of UNODC. Many have mixed IUUF and crimes in fishery in one basket, making the matter confusing from legal and practical point of view. At the domestic level, there must be a regulatory framework recognizing the linkage between fisheries and criminal activities At the international level, meanwhile, there must be an international cooperation through existing frameworks such as Mutual Legal Assistance.

The paper presents consumer taste preferences of Indonesian coffee based on consumers’ EEG recording as biological response to elicit preferences towards several coffee products. The study employs applications of neuroscience methods to analyze the physiological choice process. Coffee consumers were asked to evaluate several Indonesian coffee products by using wireless EEG headset with 5 channels to collect EEG signals from participants’ brain areas that can give us a measure to estimate consumers’ preferences. Introduction Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in Indonesia. Earlier, Irfan Anwar, Chairman of the Association of Indonesian Coffee Exporters and Industries (AICE), said domestic coffee consumption in Indonesia grows by an average of 8 percent per year. In 2017 total consumption may reach 350,000 ton. Coffee consumption is estimated to grow in Indonesia in the 2017/2018 season from 3.1 million bags of (60 kilogram) coffee to 3.3 bags of coffee. This growth is attributed to the establishment of new cafes and coffee corners (usually in the business centers and malls in the bigger cities) as well as the increasingly popular "coffee-drinking lifestyle" among the nation's expanding middle class segment. In Indonesia, Coffee ranks third in the table of food and beverage categories in terms of annual turnover and the value of the coffee market is growing rapidly. This results in increased competition on the market, as well as an increasingly extensive product offer. This, in turn, means that the consumer is often spoilt for choice when choosing one product from among many available on the market. The final decision as to the selection is determined by a complex set of factors such as the quality of the product, its brand, convenience and the method of preparation, as well as the price. “We are now drinking more quality coffee and we now have a better understanding of the quality that’s consumed in the developed world,” Irfan (Chairman of the Association of Indonesian Coffee Exporter - AEKI) said. When selecting among the coffee products , consumers are guided by their subjective evaluation, they rely on their own senses, experience, knowledge, trend and similar vague criteria. Therefore, the main objective of the article is an analysis of consumer taste preferences on several indonesian coffee in Indonesia market. Understanding their preferences will make it possible to develop a marketing strategy and product development for coffee industry in Indonesia market. To investigate the consumer’s taste preferences of several indonesian coffee, there is consumer neuroscience the emerging interdisciplinary field in marketing, that combines psychology, neuroscience, and economics to study how the brain is physiologically affected by stimuli (Lee, Broderick, & Chamberlain, 2007). The human brain activity as biological response of consumers will be monitored and provided evidence of how product cues related with sensory inputs (taste) can affect consumer’s attitude and offer the hope of characterizing choice process in coffee consumers (Ohme, Reykowska, Wiener, & Choromanska, 2009). Literature Review The Sense of Taste The beverage companies should create the products that appealing to the sense of taste. These impulses transmitted with sensory nerves to the relevant centers in the brain and interpreted. The taste of sense varies according to cultures, lifestyles, habits etc. (Carter, et al 2013). Human Brain The human brain is the command center for the human nervous system. It receives input from the sensory organs and sends output to the muscles. One way to address whether taste as stimuli can affects consumers’ preferences towards several indonesian coffee based on consumers’ brain response is to record from multiple brain regions simultaneously while subjects perform choice tasks (Lee et al.,2007). In this research we will focus on frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and parietal lobe area that can draw consumer attitude through sensory system process. Electroencephalography EEG is an emerging research tool for evaluating sensory responses to stimuli. It provides important insight into the electrical activity of the brain cortex that reflects true emotions and feelings during coffee product consumption (Knutson et al., 2007). Methodology For coffee taste preference, 30 participants were involved in this study by using non probability judgmental sampling. The participant, are coffee consumers and purchasers of coffee product. They must have normal vision, never had neurological nor psychiatric disturbances and right handed. Sample Preparation And Serving The sample preparation is using the SCAA method. Samples are roasted 24 hours before cupping and allowed to rest for at least 8 hours. The coffee samples are created according to the size of one serving cup and placed on the ziplock plastic packaging immediately so that the aroma does not subside. The sample should remain on the ziplock packaging until the brewing process. The particle grind size should be slightly coarser than normally used for paper filter with ratio of 8.25 grams of coffee per 150 ml of water. Following the rules from SCAA, cupping glasses is tempered glass with size between 207 ml to 266 ml, with a diameter of up to between 76-89 mm. The temperature of the water approximately 93℃ when poured into the ground coffee, water must wet the whole coffee grounds. Wait in about 8-10 minutes until the sample temperature reaches 71℃, then the evaluation should begin. Data Collection To test Neural Response of the participants who were conducting experimental tasks by Emotiv EPOC Neuro Head Set International 10/20 System (Figure 1). EEG was recorded for 3 minutes. Before the testing session, each subject received detailed instructions regarding the experiment. They were instructed to minimize body and brain movement as possible and asked to remain relaxed throughout the experiment. In order to ensure subjects understood the task requirements, pre-experiments were given to practice. During the EEG recording session, the subjects were seated in a comfortable chair in a quiet room. To start the session, using a click for warning signal, and 3 seconds later we used another click as imperative signal to order the experimenter inject the stimulus (Table 1). Everyone will try the coffee by cupping in accordance with the SCAA rules. The subject tastes the stimulus for 3 seconds. Stimulus was manually injected into the subject’s mouth via a hand-held syringe connected to a tube in quantities of 20 ml each time to know until the after taste of coffee. Each stimulus was repeated 3 times with the inter block interval 10-15 minutes. The data then recorded using OpenVIBE 0.13.0 and EPOC Panel Control software and then analyzed using MATLAB R2015a which complemented with EEGLAB. The electrodes were placed on F3 - F4 and P7 - P8 sites. All participants were instructed not to consume any food or beverage other than water min 12 hour before testing to minimize time-of-day effects by reducing pre-experimental activity. Result & Discussion The respondents were consists of 80% males and 20% females, their age were 18-63 years old. Majority of the respondents (85 %) spend between Rp 1.000.000 and Rp 20.000.000 per month, 9% of them spend less than Rp 1.000.000 per month, while the remaining 6% spend more than Rp 20.000.000 per month. Most of respondents were university students (81%) while the rest (19%) were private employee and entrepreneurs. Based on cross tabulations test, we found that age (X2=8.351, p=0.017<0.05) and monthly expense (X2=9.266, p=0.034<0.05) affects the Korean food consumptions, while gender and occupation were not. This results supported Ton Nu et al. (1996) and Saba (2001) findings that was shown food habits and taste preferences are mostly related to age. The primary aim of the current study was to expand the previous research by examining the effect of taste on cognitive performance for investigating taste of several indonesian coffee. We test 10 Indonesian coffee with different origin, roasting level, and post harvest process. Coffee origin: (1) Java Preanger; (2) Aceh Gayo; (3) Toraja Sapan; (4) Bali Kintamani, and (5) Wamena Papua Roasting level: (1) Light; (2) Medium; and (3) Dark Post Harvest Process: (1) Wet Method; (2) Semi Wet Method; (3) Dry / Natural Methods; and (4) Honey Method The results showed some electrophysiological reactions and the most preffered coffee was Bali Kintamani coffee with honey process and dark roasting level (p=0.02; p>0.00) and the least preffered coffee was Toraja Sapan Coffee with washed process and dark roasting level(p=0.00; p>0.00). Different coffee stimulus had shown different interest, relaxation, and stress level. The highest interest level coffee had shown an increase in relaxation level. And it was determined that slowing down on brain waves parallel to that case and participant keeps away the stress. In the other hand, when they drink interested coffee an increasing had been determined on their brain activity and wave changing connected to stress. According to these data, they felt relaxation when thay drink the liked coffee but they felt stress at the opposite. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that different coffee stimulus had shown different interest, relaxation, and stress level. Most of coffee consumer like Bali Kintamani coffee with honey process and dark roasting level. Since this study was a pilot, we would extend such investigation to further more participants having various food preferences.

Boutique hotels have gained popularity across the world. Despite this, they still have to face fierce competition from large hotel chains to attract guests to stay. This study aims to investigate different factors which may contribute to generation Y/millenials' intention to stay at a boutique hotel. Questionnaires were distributed online to generation Y respondents. Data gained was analyzed using partial least square structural equation modelling. The findings suggest that knowledge of a boutique hotel has a significant positive influence towards perceived value of staying at a boutique hotel. Moreover, perceived authenticity and perceived value were also found to have positive significant influence on intention to stay at a boutique hotel. The findings of this study contribute to better understanding of the factors which drive millennial customers to stay at a boutique hotel. It is imperative that the boutique hotel managers deliver the promised values of their accommodation to the existing and potential customers. In addition to that, knowledge was also shown to influence perceived value of a boutique hotel, indicating a strong need to educate potential customers about the values of staying in a boutique hotel.

An offshore installation is built or installed for the purposes of exploration and exploitation in any part of the sea. The offshore installations that are presently in existence reflect great scientific progress in the field of marine resources. However, they become a source of concern when they are no longer in use. Due to the potential to disrupt activities conducted around their location, they interfere with navigational safety. Therefore, it is important to remove such installations. Their removal should be based on the provisions of the IMO Guidelines and Standards. Indonesia is a coastal State and should adhere to the above mentioned guidelines and standard in designing policies and regulations.