본 연구는 한국어와 인도네시아어의 신체 관용어를 대조 분석하여 두 언어의 유사점과 차이점을 고찰하였다. 연구 대상으로 『표준국어대사전』 과 『Kamus Ungkapan Bahasa Indonesia』에서 '가슴/간'(50개), '손 '(25개), '입'(25개) 관련 관용어 총 100개를 선정하였다. 이를 (1) 형태와 의미가 유사한 관용어, (2) 형태는 유사하지만 의미가 다른 관용어, (3) 의미는 유사하지만 형태가 다른 관용어, (4) 특정 문화권에서만 존재하는 관용어로 분류하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 의미는 유사하지만 형태가 다 른 관용어가 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였으며, 특히 '손' 관련 관용어에서 60%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 형태와 의미 모두 유사한 관용어는 전반적 으로 균등한 분포를 보였다. 반면, 형태는 유사하지만 의미가 다른 관용 어와 특정 문화권에서만 존재하는 관용어는 상대적으로 낮은 비율을 보 였다. 이러한 결과는 한국어와 인도네시아어의 신체 관용어가 의미적 유 사성을 공유하면서도 형태적 차이를 보이는 경향이 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 문화적 특수성을 반영하는 관용어의 존재는 두 언어 간의 문화적 차이를 보여준다.

본 연구는 넷플릭스 시리즈 <흑백요리사: 요리 계급 전쟁>의 한국어- 인도네시아어 자막에서 나타난 음식명 번역 전략을 분석하고, 이에 영향 을 미치는 요인을 탐구하였다. 연구는 페데르센(Pedersen)과 레피할메 (Leppihalme)의 번역 전략 분류를 바탕으로 분석 되었으며, 유지, 직역, 중립화, 확대/축약, 문화 내 적응, 대체, 생략 전략이 분석 대상이 되었 다. 연구 결과, 유지 전략과 직역 전략이 가장 빈번하게 사용되어, 출발 어의 형식적 요소와 의미를 최대한 보존하려는 경향이 확인되었다. 그러 나 이러한 번역 전략은 음식명에 내포된 문화적 맥락을 충분히 전달하지 못하는 한계를 드러냈다. 본 연구는 자막 번역의 제약 속에서 음식명 번 역이 도착어 독자와의 문화적 간극을 좁히고 출발어의 문화적 함의를 효 과적으로 전달하기 위한 새로운 전략적 접근의 필요성을 강조한다.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the discourse-analytic studies in Korean sociolinguistics, mainly analyzing articles published in The Sociolingustic Journal of Korea. To achieve this goal, this article discusses definitions of ‘discourse’ and ‘discourse analysis’, and approaches to discourse. The examination of the articles in the journal shows that major studies in Korean sociolinguistics can be summarized as in the following: (i) functional approaches to language and discourse markers, (ii) conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, (iv) media discourse and critical discourse analysis, (v) analysis of public speeches and advertisements, (vi) electronic discourse (internet and SNS discourse), among others. This overview shows that discourse-analytic studies in Korean linguistics have focused on certain specific topics such as discourse markers, conversation-analytic studies, critical discourse studies, and electronic discourse, differing in topics from sociolinguistic studies in American and other societies. This overview suggests that more sociolinguistic studies need to be carried out in the fields such as intercultural communication, electronic discourse, and gender-based discourse as further research topics in Korean sociolinguistics.

This study aimed to categorize women’s body shapes by type after extracting prototypes of 25~34 year old Korean woman. The standardizing research service project conducted by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy in 2005, divided the age ranges of adult women into three groups: 18~24 years (young), 25~34 years (young-adult) and 35~49 years (adult). This study utilized this age division method to create a concrete body type categorization schema with the most marriageable period, 25 to 34 years old as target age the target age group. We used, measurement data from the 7th Korean Human Body Size Survey (Size Korea) for the body shape analysis. We completed a statistical analysis using the statistical program SPSS 21. After creating the body types using CLO 3D, which is based on the 7th Korean human body measurements, we input data for the average size for each type into the Avata. We then compared and analyzed the cross sections using the Rapidform XOR program. The results of the type-specific characteristics are as follows: big square body of obese body, small square body of plain flat body with tall, plain square body of plain flat with short, triangular body of lower body obesity there was. Significantly, the results of this study should facilitate the development of various apparel products using mass customization or easy-order systems.

This study is based on the results of the 7th Korea Human Size Survey (Size Korea). The standard body shapes of Korean women between 25 and 34 years old were analyzed and used to develop a prototype princess line for wedding dresses. or this purpose I conducted a literature review and a survey of the actual situation of domestic ligaments. In order to select suitable ligaments for the standard body type of 25~34 year-old Korean women, I collected the most representative ligaments from around the world: Stock man from France, Superior from the USA, KIIYA from Japan, and Pig and Nonno from Korea. They were then compared and analyzed. In the form of a formal wedding dress, a prototype princess line was developed by a draping technique in order to finely implement the human body fitting. To develop the prototype of the princess line, I made test garments with muslin. 25 to 34 years old Korean female standard body type Three human subjects close to the average measurement value were selected as subjects. An exterior appearance evaluation questionnaire was created with 28 questions focusing on the main parts of the prototype princess line. The clothes were evaluated three times. In this study, aesthetic and functional elements were considered for the development of princess line prototypes for wedding dresses. In addition, the amount of spare area was given differently. This study is significant in the achievement of a dress line closest that closely matches the human body line of the standard Korean female body type.

Opera is the most comprehensive musical art. In recent years, contemporary opera worlds has seen a variety of attempts to reinterpret operas of the past in a modern light. This has resulted in a dramatic change in the production of musical style and stage art. The purpose of the study was to modernize and streamline opera costumes by extending the scope of existing stage costume design, through the reinterpretation and application of the decorative elements in the Middle Age of Rococo, such as ruffles, frills, shirring, embroidery, buttons, etc., in such a way as to effectively communicate the moods of an opera to a modern audience. The costumes of the Rococo period were reinterpreted in a modern way, with the following results. First, in this work, the male main character was played by a bass to express the image of an older, lazy, rich man. A key element in modernizing the stage costume was selection of the costume color in such a way as to visually represent the voice tones sung by the major characters in the opera. Second, the maid hat and aprons were decorated with frills by applying the curves of Rocaille decoration from the Rococo period symbolize the role of the maids. This represented the distinction between occupation according to class and status at that time, while also expressing the ideals of modern feminine beauty. This makes for more comfortably-worn costumes, and is economical for production expenses. In the future, the stage costume design for classical opera will need to be revised consideration of a modern viewpoint.

Opera is the most comprehensive musical art. In recent years, contemporary opera worlds has seen a variety of attempts to reinterpret operas of the past in a modern light. This has resulted in a dramatic change in the production of musical style and stage art. The purpose of the study was to modernize and streamline opera costumes by extending the scope of existing stage costume design, through the reinterpretation and application of the decorative elements in the Middle Age of Rococo, such as ruffles, frills, shirring, embroidery, buttons, etc., in such a way as to effectively communicate the moods of an opera to a modern audience. The costumes of the Rococo period were reinterpreted in a modern way, with the following results. First, in this work, the male main character was played by a bass to express the image of an older, lazy, rich man. A key element in modernizing the stage costume was selection of the costume color in such a way as to visually represent the voice tones sung by the major characters in the opera. Second, the maid hat and aprons were decorated with frills by applying the curves of Rocaille decoration from the Rococo period symbolize the role of the maids. This represented the distinction between occupation according to class and status at that time, while also expressing the ideals of modern feminine beauty. This makes for more comfortably-worn costumes, and is economical for production expenses. In the future, the stage costume design for classical opera will need to be revised consideration of a modern viewpoint.

As the performance of microelectronic devices is improved, the use of copper as a heat dissipation member is increasing due to its good thermal conductivity. The high thermal conductivity of copper, however, leads to difficulties in the joining process. Satisfactory bonding with copper is known to be difficult, especially if high shear and peel strengths are desired. The primary reason is that a copper oxide layer develops rapidly and is weakly attached to the base metal under typical conditions. Thus, when a clean copper substrate is bonded, the initial strength of the joint is high, but upon environmental exposure, an oxide layer may develop, which will reduce the durability of the joint. In this study, an epoxy adhesive formulation was investigated to improve the strength and reliability of a copper to copper joint. Epoxy hardeners such as anhydride, dihydrazide, and dicyandiamide and catalysts such as triphenylphosphine and imidazole were added to an epoxy resin mixture of DGEBA and DGEBF. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses revealed that the curing temperatures were dependent on the type of hardener rather than on the catalyst, and higher heat of curing resulted in a higher Tg. The reliability of the copper joint against a high temperature and high humidity environment was found to be the lowest in the case of dihydrazide addition. This is attributed to its high water permeability, which led to the formation of a weak boundary layer of copper oxide. It was also found that dicyandiamide provided the highest initial joint strength and reliability while anhydride yielded intermediate performance between dicyandiamide and dihydrazide.

Sociolinguistics explores the relationship between language and/in society, dealing with topics such as (regional and social) dialects, bilingualism, multi-lingualism, language contact, ethnography of speaking, ethnomethodology/conversation analysis, language planning, and so on. This research provides a comprehensive overview of sociolinguistic studies in Korea, analyzing papers which have appeared in Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea. Analysis shows that a variety of topics has been dealt with in the Korean Sociolinguistic Society, covering topics on variation analysis of regional/social dialects, honorifics/politeness and address terms, gender studies, interactional sociolinguistics and discourse/conversation analysis, intercultural communication, language planning/policies, computer communication language, language learning and teaching and so on. This general overview shows the development of sociolinguistic studies in Korea, in terms of the topics, methods, objects of analysis and so on, and it will be a guide for future research in the field of Korean linguistics.

Abbreviation is one of the typical examples of using language. Traditionally, abbreviations are classified into the following four major categories in English morphology: (i) initialism, (ii) acronyms, (iii) clipping and (iv) blending. This research examines types of abbreviatory expressions in Korean from a sociolinguistic perspective. This study first provides a brief analysis of types of abbreviations in Korean, mainly in terms of morphology. The examination shows that in Korean the distinction between initialism and acronym does not hold because of the nature of the syllable-based writing system of Korean, and that acronym is the most widely used types of abbreviation. Second, the study discusses linguistic motivations which are at work in the formation of abbreviations mainly in terms of economic motivation and motivation of distinctiveness. Third, this research explores conditions on the use of abbreviations in terms of sharedness of the information about the referent being talked about. It also shows the property of exclusiveness in the sense that members of a certain speech community share the meanings of the abbreviations. In addition, it explores functions of abbreviations in the following terms: maintaining solidarity, excluding outsiders, novelty, temporariness, and so on. Finally, this paper shows that not only a morphological approach but also a sociolinguistic perspective is necessary in order to fully account for the formation and use of abbreviations in language.

Kim, Haeyeon. 2004. Discourse Studies in Sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(2). Among many topics in sociolinguistics, many discourse studies have been carried out to explore how social factors are related to the use of language. The purpose of this research is examine assumptions, methods, and major topics/issues of the following discourse approaches to sociolinguistics: (i) interactional sociolinguistics, (ii) ethnography of speaking/communication, (iii) variation analysis, (iv) conversation analysis, and (v) critical discourse analysis, among others. In doing so, this paper first examines the developmental history of sociolinguistic research in discourse, discussing researchers' interest in discourse in exploring social activities and practices. After that, it starts with the interactional sociolinguistic approach to discourse analysis, discussing the notion such as Gumperz's contextualization cues. It also discusses Hymes' theory of ethnograpy of speaking/communication in exploring the relationship between communication and social contexts. In addition, it discusses Labov's variation analysis, particularly focusing on his analysis of narrative discourse. After that, this paper shows major topics and methods of conversation analysis, which deals with social actions reflected in talk-in-interaction. It also deals with critical discourse analysis which deals with many social issues, viewing language as a reality-creating social practice. Finally, this paper shows that many approaches to discourse in sociolinguistics have contributed to a better understanding of the roles of social factors reflected in the use of language.